PEP小學(xué)英語語法要點及習(xí)題

PEP小學(xué)英語語法要點及習(xí)題一、名詞復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則.一般情況下，直接加-s,如：book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds.以s.x.sh.ch結(jié)尾，加-es,如：bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i,再加-es,如:family-families,strawberry-strawberries.以4或fe”結(jié)尾，變f或fe為v,再加-es,如：knife-knives.不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)：man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-micechild-childrenfoot-feet,tooth-teethfish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese寫出下列各詞的復(fù)數(shù)Ihimthisherwatchchild photodiaryday footbookdresstoothsheepboxstrawberrythief yo-yo peachsandwichmanwomanpaper juice watermilkricetea二、一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時基本用法介紹（一）一般現(xiàn)在時的功能.表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。如：Theskyis乂比.天空是藍(lán)色的。.表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作。如：Igetupatsixeveryday.我每天六點起床。.表示客觀現(xiàn)實。如：Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。（二）一般現(xiàn)在時的構(gòu)成.be動詞：主語+be（am,is,are）+其它。如：Iamaboy.我是一個男孩。.行為動詞：主語+行為動詞(+其它)。如：WestudyEnglish.我們學(xué)習(xí)英語。當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)(he,she,it)時，要在動詞后加"-s”或"-es"。如：MarylikesChinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語。(三)一般現(xiàn)在時的變化.be動詞的變化。否定句：主語+be+not+其它。如：Heisnotaworker.他不是工人。一般疑問句：Be+主語+其它。如：-Areyouastudent?-Yes.Iam./No,I'mnot.特殊疑問句：疑問詞+一般疑問句。如：Whereismybike?.行為動詞的變化。否定句：主語+don't(doesn't)+動詞原形(+其它)。如：Idon'tlikebread.當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時，要用doesn't構(gòu)成否定句。如：Hedoesn'toftenplay.一般疑問句：Do(Does)+主語+動詞原形+其它。如：-Doyouoftenplayfootball?-Yes,Ido./No,Idon't.當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時，要用does構(gòu)成一般疑問句。如：Doesshegotoworkbybike?Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn't.特殊疑問句：疑問詞+一般疑問句。如：Howdoesyourfathergotowork?動詞+s的變化規(guī)則1.一般情況下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks,milk-milks2?以s.x.sh.ch.o結(jié)尾，加-es,如：guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i,再加-es,如：study-studies一般現(xiàn)在時用法專練：一、寫出下列動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)drinkgostaymakelookhavepasscarrycomewatchplantflystudybrushdoteach二、用括號內(nèi)動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。Heoften(have)dinnerathome.DanielandTommy(be)inClassOne.We(notwatch)TVonMonday.Nick(notgo)tothezooonSunday.they(like)theWorldCup?Whattheyoften(do)onSaturdays?yourparents(read)newspaperseveryday?Thegirl(teach)usEnglishonSundays.SheandI(take)awalktogethereveryevening.There(be)somewaterinthebottle.Mike(like)cooking.They(have)thesamehobby.Myaunt(look)afterherbabycarefully.Youalways(do)yourhomeworkwell.I(be)ill.I,mstayinginbed.She(go)toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.LiuTao(do)notlikePE.Thechildoften(watch)TVintheevening.SuHaiandSuYang(have)eightlessonsthisterm.—Whatday(be)ittoday?一It,sSaturday.三、按照要求改寫句子DanielwatchesTVeveryevening.(改為否定句)Idomyhomeworkeveryday.(改為一般疑問句，作否定回答)Shelikesmilk.（改為一般疑問句，作肯定回答）Amylikesplayingcomputergames.(改為一般疑問句，作否定回答）Wegotoschooleverymorning.（改為否定句）HespeaksEnglishverywell.（改為否定句）Iliketakingphotosinthepark.（對劃線部分提問）JohncomesfromCanada.（對劃線部分提問）Sheisalwaysagoodstudent.（改為一般疑問句，作否定回答）SimonandDaniellikegoingskating.（改為否定句）五、改錯（劃出錯誤的地方，將正確的寫在橫線上）IsyourbrotherspeakEnglish?Doeshelikesgoingfishing?Helikesplaygamesafterclass.Mr.WuteachsusEnglish.Shedon,tdoherhomeworkonSundays.三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作，也可表示當(dāng)前一段時間內(nèi)的活動或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作。.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的肯定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為be+動詞ing..現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的否定句在be后加not。.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的一般疑問句把be動詞調(diào)到句首。.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的特殊疑問的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：疑問詞不達(dá)意+be+主語+動詞ing?但疑問詞當(dāng)主語時其結(jié)構(gòu)為：疑問詞不達(dá)意+be+動詞ing?動詞加ing的變化規(guī)則1.一般情況下，直接加ing,如：cook-cooking2?以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e加口ing，如：make-making,taste-tasting3.如果末尾是一個元音字母和一個輔音字母，雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再力口ing,如：run-running,stop-stopping現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時專項練習(xí)：一、寫出下列動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞：play run swim make golikewriteskireadhavesingdanceputseebuylovelivetakecomegetstopsitbeginshop二、用所給的動詞的正確形式填空：.Theboy(draw)apicturenow..Listen.Somegirls(sing)intheclassroom..Mymother(cook)somenicefoodnow..Whatyou(do)now?.Look.They(have)anEnglishlesson..They(not,water)theflowersnow..Look!thegirls(dance)intheclassroom..Whatisourgranddaughterdoing?She(listen)tomusic..It,s5o,clocknow.We(have)suppernow.Helen(wash)clothes?Yes,sheis.三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換：Theyaredoinghousework.(分別改成一般疑問句和否定句)Thestudentsarecleaningtheclassroom.（改一般疑問句并作肯定和否定回答）I’mplayingthefootballintheplayground.（對劃線部分進(jìn)行提問）Tomisreadingbooksinhisstudy.（對劃線部分進(jìn)行提問）四、將來時理論及練習(xí)一、概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。句中一般有以下時間狀語：tomorrow,nextday（week,month,year…）,soon,thedayaftertomorrow（后天）等。二、基本結(jié)構(gòu)：①begoingto+do；②will+do.三、否定句：在be動詞（am,is,are）l后加not或情態(tài)動詞will后力口not成won,to例如：I,mgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.—I,mnotgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.四、一般疑問句：be或will提到句首，some改為any,and改為or,第一二人稱互換。例如：Wearegoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend.—Areyougoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend?五、對劃線部分提問。一般情況，一般將來時的對劃線部分有三種情況。.問人。Who例如：I'mgoingtoNewYorksoon.—Who’sgoingtoNewYorksoon..問干什么。What…do.例如：Myfatherisgoingtowatcharacewithmethisafternoon.—Whatisyourfathergoingtodowithyouthisafternoon..問什么時候。When.例如：She'sgoingtogotobedatnine.—Whenisshegoingtobed?六、同義句：begoingto=willIamgoingtogoswimmingtomorrow（明天）.=Iwillgoswimmingtomorrow.練習(xí)：填空。我打算明天和朋友去野炊。Ihaveapicnicwithmyfriends.Ihaveapicnicwithmyfriends.下個星期一你打算去干嘛？我想去打籃球。What nextMonday?Iplaybasketball.WhatyoudonextMonday?Iplaybasketball.你媽媽這個周末去購物嗎？是，她要去買一些水果。yourmothergoshoppingthis?Yes,she.Shebuysomefruit.你們打算什么時候見面。Whattimeyoumeet?改句子。Nancyisgoingtogocamping.（改否定）Nancygoingtogocamping.I,llgoandjointhem.（改否定）Igojointhem.I’mgoingtogetupat6:30tomorrow.（改一般疑問句）togetupat6:30tomorrow?Wewillmeetatthebusstopat10:30.（改一般疑問句）meetatthebusstopat10:30.Sheisgoingtolistentomusicafterschool.（對劃線部分提問）sheafterschool?Myfatherandmotheraregoingtoseeaplaythedayaftertomorrow.(同上)goingtoseeaplaythedayaftertomorrow.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。Todayisasunnyday.We(have)apicnicthisafternoon.Mybrother(go)toShanghainextweek.Tomoften(go)toschoolonfoot.Buttodayisrain.He(go)toschoolbybike.Whatdoyouusuallydoatweekends?Iusually(watch)TVand(catch)insects?It,sFridaytoday.Whatshe(do)thisweekend?She(watch)TVand (catch)insects.What(d0)youdolastSunday?I(pick)applesonafarm.What(do)nextSunday?I(milk)cows.Mary(visit)hergrandparentstomorrow.LiuTao(fly)kitesintheplaygroundyesterday.David(give)apuppetshownextMonday.I(plan)formystudynow五、一般過去時1.一般過去時表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過去的時間狀語連用。一般過去時也表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作感謝。2.Be動詞在一般過去時中的變化：⑴am和is在一般過去時中變?yōu)閣as。(wasnot=wasn't)⑵are在一般過去時中變?yōu)閣ere。(werenot=weren't)⑶帶有was或were的句子，其否定、疑問的變化和is,am,are一樣，即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑問句把was或were調(diào)到句首。3.句中沒有be動詞的一般過去時的句子否定句：didn,t+動詞原形，如：Jimdidn,tgohomeyesterday.一般疑問句：在句首加did,句子中的動詞過去式變回原形。如：DidJimgohomeyesterday?特殊疑問句：⑴疑問詞+did+主語+動詞原形？如：WhatdidJimdoyesterday?⑵疑問詞當(dāng)主語時：疑問詞+動詞過去式？如：Whowenttohomeyesterday?動詞過去式變化規(guī)則：.一般在動詞末尾加-ed,如：pull-pulled,cook-cooked.結(jié)尾是e加d,如：taste-tasted.末尾只有一個元音字母和一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的，變y為i,再加-ed，如：study-studied.不規(guī)則動詞過去式：am,is-was,are-were,do-did,see-saw,say-said,give-gave,get-got,go-went,come-came,have-had,eat-ate,take-took,run-ran,sing-sang,put-put,make-made,read-read,write-wrote,draw-drew,drink-drank,fly-flew,ride-rode,speak-spoke,sweep-swept,swim-swam,sit-sat過去時練習(xí)寫出下列動詞的過去式is\amflyplantaredrinkplaygomakedoesdanceworryasktasteeatdrawputthrow kick pass do Be動詞的過去時練習(xí)（1）NameNo.Date一、用be動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空Iatschooljustnow.Heatthecamplastweek.Westudentstwoyearsago.Theyonthefarmamomentago.YangLingelevenyearsoldlastyear.Thereanappleontheplateyesterday.TheresomemilkinthefridgeonSunday.Themobilephoneonthesofayesterdayevening.二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換Itwasexciting.否 定 句一般疑問句肯、否定回答Allthestudentswereveryexcited.否定句一般疑問句

正肯 、否定回答3.Theywereinhispocket.否定句一 般疑問句正肯 、否定回答B(yǎng)e動詞的過去時練習(xí)（2）NameNo.Date一、用be動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空IanEnglishteachernow.Shehappyyesterday.Theygladtoseeeachotherlastmonth.HelenandNancygoodfriends.Thelittledogtwoyearsoldthisyear.Look,therelotsofgrapeshere.ThereasignonthechaironMonday..TodaythesecondofJune.YesterdaythefirstveryofJune.ItChildren'sDay.Allthestudents

veryexcited.二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換1.Therewasacarinfrontofthehousejustnow.否定 句 ：” 般 疑問 句 ：肯 、 否定 回 答：肯 、 否定 回 答：三中譯英.我的故事書剛才還在手表旁邊。.他們的外套上個禮拜放在臥室里了。.一會以前花園里有兩只小鳥。行為動詞的過去時練習(xí)(1)NameNo.Date一、用行為動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空He(live)inWuxitwoyearsago.Thecat(eat)abirdlastnight.We(have)apartylastHalloween.Nancy(pick)uporangesonthefarmlastweek.I(make)amodelshipwithMikeyesterday.They(play)chessintheclassroomlastPElesson.Mymother(cook)anicefoodlastSpringFestival.Thegirls(sing)and(dance)attheparty.二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換SuHaitooksomephotosattheSportsday.否 定 句：般疑問句肯、否定回答Nancywenttoschoolearly.否定WesangsomeEnglishsongs.般疑問句肯、否定回答行為動詞的過去時練習(xí)（2）NameNo.Date一、用be動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空I(watch)acartoononSaturday.Herfather(read)anewspaperlastnight.Wetozooyesterday,wetothepark.(go)you(visit)yourrelativeslastSpringFestival?he(fly)akiteonSunday?Yes,he.GaoShan(pull)upcarrotslastNationalDayholiday.I(sweep)theflooryesterday,butmymotherWhatshe(find)inthegardenlastmorning?She(find)abeautifulbutterfly.二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換1.Theyplayedfootballintheplayground.否 定 句：般疑問句肯、否定回答三、中譯英.格林先生去年住在中國。.昨天我們參觀了農(nóng)場。.他剛才在找他的手機。過去時綜合練習(xí)(1)NameNo.Date一、用動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空It(be)Ben,sbirthdaylastFriday.Weall(have)agoodtimelastnight.He(jump)highonlastSportsDay.Helen(milk)acowonFriday.Shelikesnewspapers,butsheabookyesterday.(read)Hefootballnow,buttheybasketballjustnow.(play)Jim,smother(plant)treesjustnow.they(sweep)theflooronSunday?No,they.I(watch)acartoononMonday.We(go)toschoolonSunday.二、中譯英.我們上周五看了一部電影。.他上個中秋節(jié)走親訪友了嗎？是的。

.你們上個兒童節(jié)做了什么？我們參觀了動物園。.你上周在哪兒?在野營基地。過去時綜合練習(xí)(2)NameNo.Date一、用動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.It(be)the2ndofNovemberyesterday.MrWhite(go)tohisofficebycar.GaoShan(put)thebookonhisheadamomentago.(clean)Don′tthehouse.Mumityesterday.(clean)Whatyoujustnow?Isomehousework.(do)They(make)akiteaweekago.Iwanttoapples.Butmydadallofthemlastmonth.(pick)hetheflowersthismorning?Yes,he.(water)She(be)aprettygirl.Look,she(do)Chinesedances.Thestudentsoften(draw)somepicturesintheartroom.WhatMikedoonthefarm?Hecows.(milk)六、形容詞和副詞的比較級復(fù)習(xí)及練習(xí)一、形容詞的比較級1、形容詞比較級在句子中的運用：兩個事物或人的比較用比較級，比較級后面一般帶有單詞than。比較級前面可以用more,alittle來修飾表示程度。than后的人稱代詞用主格(口語中可用賓格)。.形容詞加er的規(guī)則：⑴一般在詞尾加er；⑵以字母e結(jié)尾，加r；⑶以一個元音字母和一個輔音字母結(jié)尾，應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加er；⑷以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，先把y變i,再加er。.不規(guī)則形容詞比較級：good-better,beautiful-morebeautiful二、副詞的比較級.形容詞與副詞的區(qū)別（有be用形，有形用be；有動用副，有副用動）⑴在句子中形容詞一般處于名詞之前或be動詞之后⑵副詞在句子中最常見的是處于實義動詞之后.副詞比較級的變化規(guī)則基本與形容詞比較級相同（不規(guī)則變化：well-better,far-farther）三、練習(xí)一）、寫出下列形容詞或副詞的比較級oldyoungtalllongshortstrongbigsmallfatthinheavylightnicegoodbeautifullowhighslowfastlateearlyfarwell二）、根據(jù)句意填入單詞的正確形式:Mybrotheristwoyears(old)thanme.Tomisas(fat)asJim.Isyoursister(young)thanyou?Yes,sheis.Whois(thin),youorHelen?Helenis.Whosepencil-boxis(big),yoursorhers?Hersis.Mary,shairisas(long)asLucy,s..Ben(jump)(high)thansomeoftheboysinhisclass..Nancysing(well)thanHelen?Yes,she..Fangfangisnotas(tall)astheothergirls..Myeyesare(big)than(she)...Whichis(heavy),theelephantorthepig?.Whogetsup(early),TimorTom?.thegirlsgetup(early)thantheboys?No,they..Jimruns(slow).ButBenruns(slow)..Thechilddoesn,t(write)as(fast)asthestudents.三)、翻譯句子：1、誰比Jim年紀(jì)大？是你。isthanJim?are2、誰比David更強壯？是GaoShan.thanDavid?GaoShan.3、誰的鉛筆更長，他的還是她的？我想是她的。pencilis,or? is,Ithink.4、誰的蘋果更重，你的姐姐的還是你的弟弟的？我的弟弟的。apples,youroryourMy.5、你和你的叔叔一樣高嗎？是的。asasyouruncle?Yes,Iam.6、他和他的朋友Jim一樣年輕。HeasasJim.7、她和她的雙胞胎哥哥一樣胖嗎？不，她比他瘦。asastwin?No,thanhim..YangLing每天睡得比SuYang晚。YangLingtothanSuYangeveryday..我跳得和Mike一樣遠(yuǎn)。IasasMike..Tom比你跑得快嗎？不是的，他和我跑得一樣快。Tomthanyou?No,he.Heasas..多做運動，你會更強壯。moreexercise,you’llsoon..我的科學(xué)很好，但是語文不好。IatScience.ButIdon,twellinChinese..你放風(fēng)箏比王兵放得高嗎？不，我比他放得低。youthekitethanWangbing?No,Iitthan..我喜歡游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。Ilike.Allmythanme..我的姐姐起得比我早。Myupthanme..女孩比男孩唱得好嗎？是的。thegirlstheboys?Yes,they.你足球踢得比你的同班同學(xué)好嗎？不，他們踢得和我一樣好。youfootballthanyourclassmates?No,theyasasme..我母親比我父親年紀(jì)小。Mythanmy..她的毛衣和我的一樣重。sweaterasas..我的連衣裙太短了。我想買一條大點的。Mydresstoo.Iwanttoaone..I,mtallerthanMike.（該成用原級的比較）I'masasMike.七、Therebe句型與have,has的區(qū)別1、Therebe句型表示：在某地有某物（或人）2、在therebe句型中，主語是單數(shù)，be動詞用is;主語是復(fù)數(shù)，be動詞用are;如有幾件物品，be動詞根據(jù)最*近be動詞的那個名詞決定。3>therebe句型的否定句在be動詞后加not,一般疑問句把be動詞調(diào)到句首。4、therebe句型與have（has）的區(qū)別：therebe表示在某地有某物（或人）；have（has）表示某人擁有某物。5、some和any在therebe句型中的運用：some用于肯定句，any用于否定句或疑問句。6、and和or在therebe句型中的運用：and用于肯定句，or用于否定句或疑問句。7、針對數(shù)量提問的特殊疑問句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：Howmany+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+arethere+介詞短語？Howmuch+不可數(shù)名詞+isthere+介詞短語？8、針對主語提問的特殊疑問句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是:What,s+介詞短語?Fillintheblankwith“have,has”or“thereis,thereare”Iagoodfatherandagoodmother.atelescopeonthedesk.Heatape-recorder.abasketballintheplayground.Shesomedresses.Theyanicegarden.Whatdoyou?areading-roominthebuilding?WhatdoesMike?anybooksinthebookcase?Myfatherastory-book.astory-bookonthetable.anyflowersinthevase?Howmanystudentsintheclassroom?Myparentssomenicepictures.somemapsonthewall.amapoftheworldonthewall.Davidatelescope.David,sfriendssometents.manychildrenonthehill.用恰當(dāng)?shù)腷e動詞填空。1、Therealotofsweetsinthebox.2、Theresomemilkintheglass.3、Theresomepeopleunderthethebigtree.4、Thereapictureandamaponthewall.5、Thereaboxofrubbersnearthebooks.6、Therelotsofflowersinourgardenlastyear.7、Thereatinofchickenbehindthefridgeyesterday.8、Therefourcupsofcoffeeonthetable.Fillintheblankwith“have,has”Ianicepuppet.Heagoodfriend.Theysomemasks.Wesomeflowers.Sheaduck.Myfatheranewbike.Hermotheravase.OurteacheranEnglishbook.Ourteachersabasketball.Theirparentssomeblankets

Nancymanyskirts.Davidsomejackets.Myfriendsafootball.Whatdoyou?WhatdoesMike?Whatdoyourfriends?WhatdoesHelen?Hisbrotherabasketball.Hersisteranicedoll.MissLianEnglishbook.八、人稱代詞和物主代詞1、人稱代詞主格和賓格的區(qū)別：主格通常位于句中第一個動詞之前（有時候位于than之后），賓格一般位于動詞或介詞之后。2、物主代詞形容詞性與名詞性的區(qū)別：形容詞性用時后面般要帶上名詞，名詞性則單獨使用，后面不帶名詞。物主代詞形容詞性物主代詞形容詞性mymine主格賓格詞性我 Ime我的

你，你們youyou他 你，你們youyou他 he him她 sheher它 it it我們 weus他（她，它）們they的theirtheirs你的，你們的youryours他的hishis她的herhers它的itsits我們的ouroursthem他（她，它）們一、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空Thatisnotkite.Thatkiteisverysmall,butisverybig.(I)Thedressis.Giveitto.(she)Isthiswatch?(you)No,it,snot.(I)isJack.Look!Thosestam