名詞 市賽獲獎

2021甘肅英語專題二需要變形的名詞、形容詞和副詞、代詞、數(shù)詞知識導(dǎo)圖第1講名詞1命題點1名詞詞義辨析2命題點2名詞的數(shù)3命題點3名詞所有格4命題點4名詞作定語(2014～2020)1.(2020省卷Ⅱ.2題)—Isthatyourfather?—No,heismy________.Heismyfather'stwinbrother.A.brother B.grandpaC.uncle D.cousin中考試練C命題點1名詞詞義辨析(省卷：7年12考)甘肅7年真題精選2.(2020天水37題)—Everyoneshouldsticktohisdream.—Yes.Alifewithoutadreamislikeabirdwithout________，whichcan'tfly.A.wings B.water C.clouds D.food3.(2019省卷Ⅱ.2題)—Hereismyfamily________.Wetookitlastyear.—Whatahappyfamily!A.member B.name C.photo D.houseAC4.(2018省卷Ⅱ.2題)Inevery________therehastobesomegive-and-take.A.friendship B.instrumentC.attention D.blackboard5.(2016省卷22題)Peopleusuallytouchsomethingwiththeir________．A.eyes B.noses C.mouths D.fingers6.(2014蘭州23題)________isoneofthefourgreatinventionsofancientChina.A.Thecar B.ThetrainC.Paper-making D.ThecomputerADC7.Let'sgotoschooltogetherby________.Itisonlyten-minuteride.A.bicycle B.busC.car D.train8.InmostareasofChina,itisatraditiontohave________intheSpringFestival.A.salad B.vegetablesC.dumplings D.chickenAC拓展提升9.Janewasverythirstyaftersheclimbeduptothetopofthemountain,sosheneededsome________．A.coffee B.blood C.milk D.water10.Remembertoputthefoodintothe________，oritwillgobad.A.printer B.television C.fridge D.camera11.Thereisno________tocheatyourparents.Theyalwaystakecareofyou.A.reason B.book C.answer D.hobbyDCA12.Kellytakesalotof________everyday.Sheisalwaysfullofenergy.A.business B.experienceC.exercise D.knowledge13.Althoughelectronicproductshavemany________，westillneedtousethemproperly.A.lights B.orangesC.purposes D.advantagesCD14.Atmidnight,whilehewasgoingtosleep,heheardastrange________．A.sound B.noise C.voice D.surpriseA分析甘肅近7年中考真題可知，名詞詞義辨析是甘肅中考的高頻考點，主要在語法與情景對話及完形填空中考查。省卷除2017年外每年必考1～3道。主要考向為：同類名詞詞義辨析(省卷：7年7考)、不同類名詞詞義辨析(省卷：7年4考)和近義名詞詞義辨析(省卷：2014.32)。滿分突破初中常見的近義名詞羅列如下：1.voice,noise與sound(省卷：2014.32)詞匯用法voice表示“嗓音”，指人的說話聲或唱歌聲noise指噪音、吵鬧聲，常具有貶義sound泛指一切可以聽到的聲音2.problem與question詞匯用法problem指難以解決的問題，也可指數(shù)學(xué)、物理習(xí)題，常與solve/settle/workout搭配question指需要回答的問題，常與ask/answer搭配命題點2

名詞的數(shù)(省卷：近7年未考)(2014～2020)15.(2017蘭州28題)Therearealotof________onthegrassland.________sheep-dogissittingnexttothem.A.sheep…The B.sheep…AC.sheeps…The D.sheeps…A中考試練B甘肅7年真題精選16.(2015天水30題)Theyarefrom________.Theyareboth________．A.Germany;Germen B.Germany;GermansC.Germans;Germany D.German;Germany17.(2015蘭州28題)Ipaid￥10for________thismorning.A.4bottlemilks B.4bottlesofmilkC.4bottlesofmilks D.4milkBB18.Therewillbefewerworkersin________inthefuture,becausemostworkwillbedonebyrobots.A.factories B.factoryC.house D.houses19.I'msohungry.Pleasegiveme________toeat.A.threebread B.threepiecesofbreadC.threepiecesofbreads D.threebreadsAB拓展提升一、可數(shù)名詞1.可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式，如：table,tables。2.可數(shù)名詞可以被基數(shù)詞、不定冠詞(a/an)和many等修飾，如：sevendays,anhour,manyyears。3.只修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的修飾語：many,afew,few,several,acoupleof,anumberof,agreat/largenumberof/...，數(shù)詞(除one之外的基數(shù)詞)。滿分突破4.可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的變化規(guī)則(1)可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化構(gòu)成方法示例一般情況，加-sstar→①________；gift→②________以字母s,x,sh,ch等結(jié)尾的詞，加-esbus→③________；box→④________；watch→⑤________特例：stomach→⑥_________starsgiftsbusesboxeswatchesstomachs構(gòu)成方法示例以字母f或fe結(jié)尾的詞，變f或fe為v，再加-esleaf→⑦________；wife→⑧________；knife→⑨________以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞，先變y為i，再加-escountry→⑩_________；baby→?________以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞，加-stoy→?________；monkey→?__________leaveswivesknivescountriesbabiestoysmonkeys構(gòu)成方法示例以ce,se，ze，ge等結(jié)尾的詞，加-sface→?________；prize→?________；orange→?________以輔音字母加o結(jié)尾的詞，若表示有生命的加-es，若表示無生命的加-stomato→?________；hero→?________；photo→?________；piano→?________facesprizesorangestomatoesheroesphotospianos(2)可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化構(gòu)成方法示例改a為e型man→?________；woman→?________特例：German→?__________；human?→________改oo為ee型tooth→?________；foot→?________

在詞尾加-renchild→?________menwomenGermanshumansteethfeetchildren構(gòu)成方法示例單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同sheep;means;Chinese;Japanese常用作復(fù)數(shù)形式或只有復(fù)數(shù)形式noodles;scissors;trousers;thanks;clothes;goods;chopsticks其他特殊形式mouse→?________mice二、不可數(shù)名詞1.不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：water,meat。2.不可數(shù)名詞不可以被基數(shù)詞和不定冠詞(a/an)直接修飾。若表示數(shù)量，可用量詞加不可數(shù)名詞表達，如：apieceofadvice,twocupsofcoffee。3.只修飾不可數(shù)名詞的修飾語：much,little,alittle,abitof,agood/greatdealof,alargeamountof等?！咀⒁狻考瓤尚揎椏蓴?shù)名詞又可修飾不可數(shù)名詞的修飾語有：some,alotof,lotsof,plentyof,enough,most,hardly,any,all,therestof等。拓展1.中考常見的不可數(shù)名詞類別示例物質(zhì)名詞液體orange橘汁milk牛奶water水食物bread面包meat肉自然weather天氣fire火rain雨材料paper紙plastic塑料silk絲綢類別示例抽象名詞情感joy高興sadness悲傷學(xué)科maths數(shù)學(xué)chemistry化學(xué)概念advice建議information信息news消息knowledge知識2.有些名詞既可作可數(shù)名詞又可作不可數(shù)名詞，但意義不同名詞可數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)不可數(shù)chicken小雞雞肉orange橘子橘汁experience經(jīng)歷經(jīng)驗paper報紙、論文紙exercise練習(xí)鍛煉glass玻璃杯玻璃room房間空間time次/倍數(shù)時間life生命生活wood樹林木頭、木材light電燈光，光線work作品工作命題點3

名詞所有格(省卷：7年3考)(2014～2020)20.(2020天水33題)Lilyisafriendof________．A.Mary'smother's B.Mary'smother'sofC.Marymother's D.mother'sofMary中考試練A甘肅7年真題精選21.(2019天水40題)Afterplayingfootballformorethanhalfanhour,thestudentstook________rest.A.afewminute's B.alittleminute'sC.afewminutes' D.alittleminutes'22.(2017省卷7題)“Itdependsonmy________decision.”themothersaidandlookedathertwosons.A.children B.children's C.child D.child'sCB23.(2016天水28題)It'sabout__________fromourschooltomyhouse.A.20minutes'walk

B.20minute'swalkC.walkof20minutes

D.20minutes'walks24.(2015省卷50題)________motherscan'tgototheparents'meetingbecausetheyaretoobusy.A.Jack'sandPaul

B.Jack'sandPaul'sC.JackandPaul's

D.JackandPaulAB25.(2014省卷51題)Mr.Blackisateacherof________.Sheandherclassmateslikehimverymuch.A.mysister

B.mysister'sC.mysisters

D.mysisters'B26.Mysuggestionsonthisquestionarequitedifferentfrommy________.Ican'tagreewithhim.A.brother B.brother's C.brothers D.brothers'27.It'sonlyfour________ridetotravelfromXi'antoChengdubytakingthehigh-speedrailway.A.hour B.hours C.hour's D.hours'BD拓展提升28.MissWhiteisafriendof________.HealwaystellsmesomethingbetweenhimandMissWhite.A.mybrother's

B.mybrotherC.mybrother'

D.mybrotherA分析甘肅近7年中考真題可知，省卷主要在語法與情景對話中考查's所有格(2次)，雙重所有格(1次)。滿分突破1.'s所有格(省卷：2017.7,2015.50)類別構(gòu)成方法示例有生命的單數(shù)名詞加'swithmyfather'shelp有生命的復(fù)數(shù)名詞(省卷：2017.7)以-s結(jié)尾加'teachers'office老師們的辦公室不以-s結(jié)尾加'schildren'shomework孩子們的作業(yè)表示時間、距離、國家、地點、自然現(xiàn)象、擬人等無生命的名詞單數(shù)加'sChina'sdevelopment中國的發(fā)展復(fù)數(shù)加'tenminutes'walk十分鐘的步行路程類別構(gòu)成方法示例表示幾個人共同擁有在最后一個名詞后加'sTomandJim'sroom湯姆和吉姆共同的房間表示每個人各自擁有(省卷：2015.50)在每個名詞后加'sMike'sandJohn'sdesks邁克和約翰各自的書桌用以構(gòu)成不同的節(jié)日加's或'Children'sDay兒童節(jié)Father'sDay父親節(jié)Teachers'Day教師節(jié)【注意】(1)表示“店鋪”“某人的家”“診所”“辦公室”的名詞所有格時，一般省去被修飾的表示地點的名詞。如：atthedoctor's(在診所)。(2)一些具有名詞性質(zhì)的復(fù)合不定代詞，如：someone,everybody等和else連用時，'s應(yīng)加在else后。如：somebodyelse'spencil別人的鉛筆。2.of所有格(1)表示無生命事物的名詞一般用of所有格。(2)of所有格有時也可以用于人或有生命的事物，表示所屬關(guān)系，特別是當(dāng)這些所有者有較長的定語修飾時。3.雙重所有格(省卷：2014.51)雙重所有格主要表示整體中的一部分，有兩種形式：(1)名詞＋of＋名詞所有格。如：astudentofmyfather's.(2)名詞＋of＋名詞性物主代詞。如：aphotoofmine.【注意】雙重所有格和一般所有格意義不同。如：aphotoofMary's(照片屬于瑪麗，但照片上的人不一定是瑪麗)；aphotoofMary(照片上的人是瑪麗本人)。命題點4

名詞作定語(省卷：2015.45)(2014～2020)29.(2019天水31題)—Look!Theyare________．—Yes.Weareproudofthem.A.manscientist B.womenscientistsC.womanscientists D.manscientists中考試練B甘肅7年真題精選30.(2017天水28題)Weallexpectthe______summerholidayaftertheexam.A.twomonth

B.two-monthC.two-months

D.twomonths31.(2015省卷45題)Wehavea________holidayeveryNationalDay.A.3days

B.3-days

C.3-day

D.3day's32.(2014蘭州34題)—Howlongisthebridge?—It's________．A.300-meter-long

B.300-meterslongC.300meterslong

D.300meterlongBCC33.Tinais________andshehasan________brother.A.ten-year-old;eightyearsold

B.ten-year-old;eight-year-oldC.ten-years-old;eightyearsold