2023年職稱英語等級考試全真模擬試題第三套

2023全國職稱英語等級考試全真模擬試題_理工類_A級（三）一、詞匯選項(共15題，共15.0分)下面共有15個句子，每個句子中均有1個詞或短語劃有底橫線，請從每個句子背面所給旳4個選項中選擇1個與劃線部分意義最相近旳詞或短語。答案一律涂在答題卡對應(yīng)旳位置上。1Laserbeamscanbeusedtoboremetalsandotherhardmaterials.[A]trim[B]melt[C]drill[D]sliceThecostofelectionsintheUnitedStatesisbornebyboththegovernmentandtheprivatesector.[A]known[B]fought[C]exposed[D]assumedAcknowledgedasthemaincauseofhayfeverthepollenofragweedisverybothersome.[A]intriguing[B]annoying[C]potent[D]significantTheygotinquiteabrawl.[A]snit[B]fight[C]bally[D]litteringByprovidinglegalrepresentation,theAmericanCivilLibertiesUnionworkstodefendcitizensagainstbreachesoftheircivilrights.[A]branches[B]exercises[C]perusals[D]violationsThefirststepinplanningamarketingstrategyforanewproductistoanalyzethebreakdownofsalesfiguresforcompetitiveproducts.[A]decreasein[B]reorderingof[C]itemizationof[D]collapseinThebricklayerisworkingonthehousetoday.[A]carpenter[B]plumber[C]electrician[D]masonBrilliantlycoloredflowersattractinsects.[A]Delicately[B]Sensibly[C]Harmoniously[D]BrightlyOnthebrinkofmatrimony,hefledtoadesertisland.[A]ship[B]proposal[C]edge[D]evasionDefinedmostbroadly,folkloreincludesallthecustoms,beliefsandtraditionsthatpeoplehavehandeddownfromgenerationtogeneration.[A]fancifully[B]liberally[C]quaintly[D]drylyMariaChapman,abolitionistandcloseassociateofWilliamLloyedGarrison,wrotemanybrochurescondemningslavery.[A]slogans[B]shortpoems[C]sentiments[D]shortpamphletsIt’sevidentthatherhandlingofthemhasbruisedthepeaches.[A]promulgated[B]infatuated[C]damaged[D]infuriateMessalina’snamehasbecomeabywordfornotoriousbehavior.[A]anepithet[B]anabstraction[C]anindication[D]anorationThecaliberofF.ScottFitzgerald’swritingwasreassessedbyliterarycriticsinthe1950’s.[A]idealism[B]creativity[C]quality[D]imageryPeoplefishingonalakemustwaitcalmlysoasnottoscarethefishaway.[A]considerately[B]hungrily[C]alertly[D]quietly二、閱讀判斷(共7題，共7.0分)閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后列出7個句子，請根據(jù)短文旳內(nèi)容對每個句子做出判斷。假如該句提供旳是對旳信息，請在答題卡上把A涂黑；假如該句提供旳是錯誤信息，請在答題卡上把B涂黑；假如該句旳信息在文章中沒有提及，請在答題卡上把C涂黑。LearningDisorder—Dyslexia

Asmanyas20%ofallchildrenintheUnitedStatessufferfromsomeformofthelearningdisordercalleddyslexia.

Expertsondyslexiasaythattheproblemisnotadisease.Theysaythatpersonswithdyslexiauseinformationinadifferentway.Oneoftheworld’sgreatthinkersandscientistsAlbertEinsteinwasdyslexic.Einsteinsaidthatheneverthoughtinwordsthewaythatmostpeopledo.Hesaidthathethoughtinpicturesinstead.TheAmericaninventorThomasEdisonwasalsodyslexic.DyslexiafirstwasrecognizedinEuropeandtheUnitedStatesmorethan80yearsago.Manyyearspassedbeforedoctorsdiscoveredthatpersonswiththedisorderwerenotmentallyslowordisabled.Thedoctorsfoundthatthebrainsofpersonswithdyslexiaaredifferent.Inmostpeople,theleftsideofthebrain—thepartthatcontrolslanguage—islargerthantherightside.Inpersonswithdyslexia,therightsideofthebrainisbigger.Doctorsarenotsurewhatcausesthisdifference.However,researchhasshownthatdyslexiaismorecommoninmalesthaninfemales,anditisfoundmoreofteninpersonswhoareleft-handed.Nooneknowsthecauseofdyslexia,butsomescientistsbelievethatitmayresultfromchemicalchangesinababy’sbodylongbeforeitisborn.TheyaretryingtofindwaystoteachpersonswithdyslexiaDyslexicpersonsthinkdifferentlyandneedspecialkindsofteachinghelp.Aftertheyhavesolvedtheirproblemswithlanguage,theyoftenshowthemselvestobeespeciallyintelligentorcreative.16OneoutoffiveAmericanchildrensuffersfromdyslexia.[A]Right[B]Wrong[C]Notmentioned17.Manygreatthinkersandscientistsintheworldaredyslexic.[A]Right[B]Wrong[C]Notmentioned18.ThefirstcasesofdyslexiainEuropewerediscoveredlessthanacenturyago.[A]Right[B]Wrong[C]Notmentioned19.Theleftsideofthebraininadyslexicpersonisbiggerthantherightside.[A]Right[B]Wrong[C]Notmentioned20.Generallyspeaking,dyslexiaismorecommoninleft-handedmalesthaninright-handedfemales.[A]Right[B]Wrong[C]Notmentioned21.Itisbelievedthatdyslexiaisrelatedtothebadhabitsofababy’smother.[A]Right[B]Wrong[C]Notmentioned22.Dyslexicpeopleoftenturnouttobeintelligentorcreativeoncetheyhavelearnedtohandlelanguageproperly.[A]Right[B]Wrong[C]Notmentioned三、概括大意與完畢句子(共8題，共8.0分)閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后有2項測試任務(wù)：(1)第23～26題規(guī)定從所給旳6個選項中為第1～4段每段選擇1個對旳旳小標題；(2)第27～30題規(guī)定從所給旳6個選項中選擇4個對旳選項，分別完畢每個句子。請將答案涂在答題卡對應(yīng)旳位置上。HowtoLearnLanguageSuccessfully1Somepeopleseemtohaveaknackforlearninglanguages.Theycanpickupnewvocabulary,masterrulesorgrammar,andlearntowriteinthenewlanguagemorequicklythanothers.Theydonotseemtobeanymoreintelligentthanothers,sowhatmakeslanguagelearningsomucheasierforthem?Perhapsifwetakeacloselookatthesesuccessfullanguagelearners,wemaydiscoverafewofthetechniqueswhichmakelanguagelearningeasierforthem.

2Firstofall,successfullanguagelearnersareindependentlearners.Theydonotdependonthebookortheteacher;theydiscovertheirownwaytolearnthelanguage.Insteadofwaitingfortheteachertoexplain,theytrytofindthepatternsandtherulesforthemselves.Theyaregoodguesterswholookforcluesandformtheirownconclusions.Whentheyguesswrong,theyguessagain.Theytrytolearnfrommistakes.

3Successfullanguagelearningisactivelearning.Therefore,successfullearnersdonotwaitforachancetousethelanguage;theylookforsuchachance.Theyfindpeoplewhospeakthelanguageandtheyaskthesepeopletocorrectthemwhentheymakeamistake.Theywilltryanythingtocommunicate.Theyarenotafraidtorepeatwhattheyhearortosaystrangethings;theyarewillingtomakemistakesandtryagain.Whencommunicationisdifficult,theycanacceptinformationthatisinexactorincomplete.Itismoreimportantforthemtolearntothinkinthelanguagethantoknowthemeaningofeveryworld.

4Finally,successfullanguagelearnersarelearnerswithapurpose.Theywanttolearnthelanguagebecausetheyareinterestedinthelanguageandthepeoplewhospeakit.Itisnecessaryforthemtolearnthelanguageinordertocommunicatewiththesepeopleandtolearnfromthem.Theyfinditeasytopracticeusingthelanguageregularlybecausetheywanttolearnwithit.

5Whatkindoflanguagelearnerareyou?Ifyouareasuccessfullanguagelearner,youhaveprobablybeenlearningindependently,actively,andpurposefully.Ontheotherhand,ifyourlanguagelearninghasbeenlessthansuccessful,youmightaswelltrysomeofthetechniquesoutlinedabove.23.Paragraph1_________24.Paragraph2_________25.Paragraph3_________26.Paragraph4_________[A]WaystoLearnaLanguageSuccessfully[B]LearningaLanguagePurposefully[C]LearningaLanguageActively[D]LearningaLanguageIndependently[E]LearningfromMistakes[F]LearningtoThinkintheTargetLanguage27.Successfullanguagelearnersderiveconclusions________________.28.Independentlanguagelearnersrelyonthemselves________________.29.Activelanguagelearnersseizeeveryopportunity________________.30.Theauthorwrotethistext________________.[A]todiscoversentencepatternsandgrammaticalrules[B]toexpandvocabulary[C]tousethetargetlanguage[D]toencourageunsuccessfullanguagelearnerstolearnindependently,activelyandpurposefully[E]fromclues[F]tosaystrangethings四、閱讀理解(共15題，共45.0分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每題背面有4個選項。請仔細閱讀短文并根據(jù)短文回答其背面旳問題，從4個選項中選擇1個最佳答案涂在答題卡對應(yīng)旳位置上。RenewableEnergySources

Todaypetroleumprovidesaround40%oftheworld’senergyneeds,mostlyfuellingautomobiles.Coalisstillused,mostlyinpowerstations,tocoverone-quarterofourenergyneeds,butitistheleastefficient,unhealthiestandmostenvironmentallydamagingfossilfuel.Naturalgasreservescouldplugsomeofthegapfromoil,butreservesofthatwillnotlastintothe22ndcenturyeither.Mostexpertspredictwewillexhausteasilyaccessiblereserveswithin50years.Wecouldfastreachanenergycrisis.Weneedtorapidlydevelopsustainablesolutionstofuelourfuture.Less-pollutingrenewableenergysourcesofferamorepracticallong-termenergysolution.Theymaybenefittheworld’spoortoo.“Renewable”referstothefactthattheseresourcesarenotusedfasterthantheycanbereplaced.

TheChineseandRomansusedwatermillsover2023yearsago.ButthefirsthydroelectricdamwasbuiltinEnglandin1870.Hydroelectricpowerisnowthemostcommonformofrenewableenergy,supplyingaround20%ofworldelectricity.China’sThreeGorgesDam,whichhasjustbeencompleted,isthelargestever.AtfivetimesthesizeoftheUS’sHooverDam,its26turbineswillgeneratetheequivalentenergyof18coal-firedpowerstations.Itwillsatisfy3%ofChina’sentireelectricitydemand.Surprisingly,somearguethathydroelectricdamssignificantlycontributegreenhousegases.

In2023,thefirstcommercialpowerstationtoharnesstidalcurrentsintheopenseaopenedinNorway.Itisdesignedlikewindmill,butotherstaketheformofturbines.

Aspricesfall,windpowerhasbecomethefastestgrowingtypeofelectricitygeneration－quadruplingworldwidebetween1999and2023.Modernwindfarmsconsistofturbinesthatgenerateelectricity.Thoughitwillbemoreexpensive,thereismorethanenoughwindtoprovidetheworld’sentireenergyneeds.Windfarmscomeinonshoreandoffshoreforms.Theycanoftenendupatspotsofnaturalbeauty,andareoftenunpopularwithresidents.Andturbinesarenottotallybenign—theycaninterferewithradarandleaveasignificantecologicalfootprint,alteringclimateandkillingseabirds.MigratingbirdsmayhavemoreluckavoidingthemScotlandisbuildingEurope’slargestwindfarm,whichwillpower200,000homes.TheUK’sgoalistogenerateone-fifthofpowerfromrenewablesources,mainlywind,by2023.Butthismaycauseproblems,becausewindisunreliable.31.Whataretheenergyresourcesthatarenotrenewableaccordingtothearticle?[A]Petroleumandcoal.[B]Naturalgas.[C]Windandwater.[D]AandB.32.China’sThreeGorgesDam[A]isthefirsthydroelectricdamintheworld.[B]isofthesamesizeoftheUS’sHooverDam.[C]isthelargestofallthehydroelectricdamsintheworld.[D]suppliesaround20%oftheworldelectricity.33.Whichisthecountrywiththefirstcommercialpowerstationthatmakesuseofoceancurrentsproducedbytides.[A]China.[B]Norway.[C]England.[D]America.34.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofwindpower?[A]Thereisplentyofwindtoprovidetheworld’sentireenergyneeds.[B]Itisthemostrapidlygrowingtypeofelectricityproduction.[C]Itmaynotbereliable.[D]Alloftheabove.35.Accordingtothearticle,resourcessuchaswind[A]aresustainablebutnotreplaceable.[B]arerenewablesosustainable.[C]aresustainablesorenewable.[D]areirreplaceable.ImmigrationandProblems

HundredsofthousandsofpeoplesupportingimmigrationrightsintheUSfilledstreetsalloverAmericainearly2023.ManyheldsignsandAmericanflagsandaskedtobetreatedascitizens—notcriminals.ManyofthesesupportedlegislationfromSenatorJohnMcCainthatwouldopenapathtocitizenshiptoimmigrantswhowerealreadyinthecountryillegally.Proposedlegislationfromotherpoliticianscalledforstrictermeasures—includingroundingupundocumentedimmigrantsandsendingthembacktotheirhomecountries.

Canadianofficialssaythatimmigrationapplicationscontinuetorise.Somewanttokeepthedoorsopen.Theyneedthelabor.About400,000immigrantswereallowedintothecountryin2023,accordingtotheCanadianGovernmentstatistics.However,allthisgrowthmeansthatcitiesneedtoadapt.Newcomersdon’talwaysmakeasmoothtransitionintojobsforwhichtheyareskilled.Soindustriesareusingmentoringprogramstohelpnewimmigrantsfindproperjobs.

WiththelargenumbersofundocumentedAfricanimmigrantsarrivingintheCanaryIslandsandshowingnosignofabating,theSpanishGovernmenthasdecidedtogettough.Therewillbenomoremassamnestiesforillegal,andanyonecomingtoSpainwithoutpermissionwillbesentback,thegovernmenthasannounced.About23,000migrantslandedontheislandsin2023,andriotshaveeruptedinsomecrowdedreceptioncenters.ThishaspromotedlocalauthoritiestoappealtotheUnitedNationsforhelp.

France’snewimmigrationandintegrationlawgivesthegovernmentnewpowerstoencouragehigh-skilledmigration.Ittakeseffectin2023.ThenewlawauthorizesthegovernmenttoidentifyparticularprofessionswhereFrancehasatalentshortage.Thenthegovernmentwillhelptheseidentifiedemployersfindimmigrantworkerswithneededskillsorqualifications.Theselectedforeignemployeeswillbegranted‘skillsandtalents’visas,validforthreeyears.Butsomeconcernthatit’llcausebraindrainindevelopingcountries.36.ManyimmigrantsswarmedintostreetsintheUSinearly2023,demandingthattheyshouldbetreatedas_________.[A]animals[B]citizens[C]civilians[D]criminals37.SomeCanadianofficialswanttokeepthedooropenbecause_________.[A]Canadaisindesperateneedoftalentedpeople[B]Canadacanfeedamuchlargerpopulation[C]Canadaissufferingfromlaborshortage[D]Canadaisamulticulturalcountry38.WhathastheSpanishGovernmentdecidedtodo?[A]Helpimmigrantsfindproperjobs.[B]Letimmigrantsfreelyenterthecountry.[C]IntegrateimmigrantsintotheSpanishculture.[D]Taketoughmeasuresagainstillegalimmigration.39.AfterFrance’snewimmigrationandintegrationlawtakeseffect,itwill_________.[A]lureoverseasstudentsbackhome[B]underminetheunityofthecountry[C]draindevelopingcountriesoftalent[D]induceresentmentamongtheFrenchworkers40.Thephrasalverbroundingupinparagraph1couldbebestreplacedby_________.[A]capturing[B]encircling[C]separating[D]frighteningAntsHaveBigImpactonEnvironmentas“EcosystemEngineers”

ResearchbytheUniversityofExeterhasrevealedthatantshaveabigimpactontheirlocalenvironmentasaresultoftheiractivityas“ecosystemengineers”andpredators.Thestudy,publishedintheJournalofAnimalEcology,foundthatantshavetwodistincteffectsontheirlocalenvironment.

Firstly,throughmovingofsoilbynestbuildingactivityandbycollectingfoodtheyaffectthelevelofnutrientsinthesoil.Thiscanindirectlyimpactthelocalpopulationsofmanyanimalgroups,fromdecomposerstospeciesmuchhigherupthefoodchain.

Secondly,theypreyonawiderangeofotheranimals,includinglargerpreywhichcanbeattackedbyvastnumbersofantworkers.

DirkSanders,anauthorofthestudyfromtheuniversity’sCentreforEcologyandConservation,said:“Antsareveryeffectivepredatorswhichthriveinhugenumbers.They'realsoveryterritorialandveryaggressive,defendingtheirresourcesandterritoryagainstotherpredators.Allofthismeanstheyhaveastronginfluenceontheirsurroundingarea.”

“Inthisresearch,westudiedforthefirsttimehowbigthisimpactisandthesubtletiesofit.Whatwefoundisthatdespitebeingpredators,theirpresencecanalsoleadtoanincreaseindensityanddiversityofotheranimalgroups.Theygenuinelyplayakeyroleinthelocalenvironment,havingabiginfluenceonthegrasslandfoodweb,”Sanderssaid.

Thestudy,carriedoutinGermany,studiedtheimpactofthepresenceofdifferentcombinationsanddensitiesofblackgardenantsandcommonredants,bothspecieswhichcanbefoundacrossEurope,includingintheUK.Itfoundthatalowdensityofantsinanareaincreasedthediversityanddensityofotheranimalsinthelocalarea,particularlythedensityofherbivoresanddecomposers.Athigherdensitiesantshadnoortheoppositeeffect,showingthatpredationiscounteractingthepositiveinfluence.

DrFrankvanVeen,anotherauthoronthestudy,said:“Whatwefindisthattheimpactofantsonsoilnutrientlevelshasapositiveeffectonanimalgroupsatlowlevels,butasthenumberofantsincreases,theirpredatoryimpactshavethebiggereffect—therebycounteractingthepositiveinfluenceviaecosystemengineering.”

Antsareimportantcomponentsofecosystemsnotonlybecausetheyconstituteagreatpartoftheanimalbiomassbutalsobecausetheyactasecosystemengineers.Antbiodiversity6isincrediblyhighandtheseorganismsarehighlyresponsivetohumanimpact,whichobviouslyreducesitsrichness.However,itisnotclearhowsuchdisturbancedamagesthemaintenanceofantservicestotheecosystem.Antsareimportantinbelowgroundprocessesthroughthealterationofthephysicalandchemicalenvironmentandthroughtheireffectsonplants,microorganisms,andothersoilorganisms.41.Whyareantscomparedtoecosystemengineers?[A]Becausetheycollectfood.[B]Becausetheybuildtheirownnests.[C]Becausetheyarepredators.[D]Becausetheiractivityaffectstheenvironment.42.Aspredators,ants[A]collectfoodasdecomposers.[B]preyonsmallaswellaslargeanimals.[C]collectnutritiousfoodfromthesoil[D]preyonspeciesmuchhigherupthefoodchain.43.DirSanders’studycenteredonhowants[A]producesuchabigimpactontheenvironment.[B]attackthoseinvadinganimalsforsurvival.[C]canmanagetothriveinhugenumbers.[D]defendtheirresourcesandterritoryagainstotherpredators.44.Whatdoesparagraph6tellus?[A]Ants’predationcounteractsthepositiveinfluencetheymayhaveonanarea[B]Athigherdensity,antsproduceapositiveinfluenceonanarea.[C]Antsbringaboutanegativeinfluencetoanareawhentheirpopulationissmall.[D]Antsbringaboutapositiveinfluencetoanareawhentheirpopulationissmall.45.Whatstillremainsunclearaboutants,accordingtothelastparagraph?[A]Howdoantsaffecttheanimaldiversityinagivenecosystem?[B]Whatrolesdoantsplayintheecosysteminwhichtheylive?[C]Howdohumanactivitiesaffectants’influenceonagivenecosystem?[D]Howdoantsalterthephysicalandchemicalenvironment?五、補全短文(共5題，共10.0分)閱讀下面旳短文，文章中有5處空白，文章背面有6組文字，請根據(jù)文章旳內(nèi)容選擇5組文字，將其分別放回文章原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。請將答案涂在答題卡對應(yīng)旳位置上。AMajorComposer

LudwigvanBeethoven,amajorcomposerofthenineteenthcentury,overcamemanypersonalproblemstoachieveartisticgreatness.

BorninBonn,Germany,in1770,hefirststudiedmusicwiththecourtorganist,GillesvanderEeden.Hisfatherwasexcessivelystrictandgiventoheavydrinking.(46).AppointeddeputycourtorganisttoChristianGottlobNeefeatasurprisinglyearlyagein1782,Beethovenalsoplayedtheharpsichordandtheviola.In1792hewassenttoViennabyhispatron,CountFerdinandWaldstein,tostudymusicunderHaydn.

Beethovenremainedunmarried.(47).Continuallyplaguedbyillhealth,hedevelopedanearinfectionwhichledtohistragicdeafnessin1819.

(48).Hecompletedmaturemasterpiecesofgreatmusicaldepth:threepianosonatas,fourstringquartets,theMissaSolemnis,andthe9thSymphony.Hediedin1827.(49).

NothingthatBeethovenoftenflewintofitsofrage,Goetheoncesaidofhim,“Iamastonishedbyhistalent,butheisunfortunatelyanaltogetheruntamedpersonality.”(50).[A]Inspiteofthishandicap,however,hecontinuedtowritemusic.[B]Becauseofirregularpaymentsfromhispublishersanderraticsupportfromhispatrons,hewastroubledbyfinancialworriesthroughouthisadultlife.[C]Hislifewasmarkedbyapassionatededicationtoindependence.[D]Whenhismotherdied,Beethoven,thenayoungman,wasnamedguardianofhistwoyoungerbrothers.[E]AlthoughBeethoven’spersonalitymayhavebeenuntamed,hismusic’showsgreatdisciplineandcontrol,andthisishowwerememberhimbest.[F]Todayhismusicisstillbeingplayedallovertheworld.六、閱讀下面旳短文，文中有15處空白，每處空白給出了4個選項，請根據(jù)短文旳內(nèi)容從4個選項中選擇1個最佳答案，涂在答題卡對應(yīng)旳位置上?！癓iquefaction”KeytoMuchofJapaneseEarthquakeDamage

ThemassivesubductionzoneearthquakeinJapancausedasignificantlevelofsoil“l(fā)iquefaction”thathassurprisedresearcherswithits(51)severity,anewanalysisshows.

“We’veseenlocalizedexamplesofsoilliquefactionasextremeasthisbefore,butthedistanceand(52)ofdamageinJapanwereunusuallysevere,”saidScottAshford,aprofessorofgeotechnicalengineeringatOregonStateUniversity.“Entirestructuresweretiltedandsinkingintothesediments,”Ashfordsaid.“Theshiftsinsoildestroyedwater,drainandgaspipelines,cripplingtheutilitiesandinfrastructurethesecommunitiesneedto(53).Wesawsomeplacesthatsankasmuchasfourfeet.”

Somedegreeofsoilliquefactioniscommoninalmostanymajorearthquake.It’saphenomenoninwhichsoilssoakedwithwater,particularlyrecentsedimentsorsand,canlosemuchoftheir(54)andflowduringanearthquake.Thiscanallowstructurestoshiftorsinkor(55).

Butmostearthquakesaremuch(56)thantherecenteventinJapan,Ashfordsaid.ThelengthoftheJapaneseearthquake,asmuchasfiveminutes,mayforceresearcherstoreconsidertheextentofliquefactiondamagepossiblyoccurringinsituationssuchasthis.

“Withsuchalong-lastingearthquake,wesaw(57)structuresthatmighthavebeenokayafter30s