2020屆高考英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)專(zhuān)題八：《七選五說(shuō)明類(lèi)專(zhuān)練》(含答案)

一．七選五

2020第I卷（選擇題（每題2分，共40分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。A（考點(diǎn)24中難）TheUSAisasocietyformedbymanydifferentimmigrantculturesthatproducedanewandmixedculture.MostAmericanscelebratedifferentcustomswhichstartedinothercountriesandstartseveralnewtraditionsandcultures.① ② Theytendtoliveindependently,andcommunicatedirectly,honestlyandinformallywiththeirfamilies,friendsandcolleagues.Americansalwayskeepadvancingwiththetimes.③

InAmerica,itisrelativelycommonforbothparentstowork,andAmericanwomenareequalpartnersinmarriage.IntheUSA,themostcommonfamilyunitconsistsoftheparentsandchildrenlivingunderoneMostAmericanchildrenaretaughttocompete,throughorganizedsportsandeducation,aswellasspeakouttheirmindsandhaveconfidencetostandupforwhattheybelievein.④

Manyimmigrantfamiliesalsofeatureseveralgenerationslivingunderoneroof,withyoungerfamilymembersrespectingtheelders’needsandvaluingtheiropinions.Whenpeoplefromdifferentculturesgetmarriedandhavechildren,theymayhaveissueswhenitcomestomaintainingtheiruniquetraditionsandmixingsharedcustomsatthesametime.⑤

However,withalittleeffort,childreninthesefamiliescanbenefitfromhavingbothoutlooksandtraditions.Childrenwhoareraisedbilinguallycanalsobenefitinfuturecareersandlearntomakedecisionsbetterthanmonolingualkids.ManyAmericansfindhappylifeisimportant.Theyarealsotaughttorespecttheirparentsatallcosts.Itcanbeachallengetofindtheperfectbalancebetweencultures.D.Accordingtosocialists,theAmericanfamilyculturehasmanyuniqueaspects.Americanchildrenrefusetofollowtheirparents’adviceandalwaysarguewiththem.ChangingratherthanstickingtotraditionisconsideredbymanyAmericansasimprovement.Thedifferenceiseasytodealwithifparentscanmeetandstandintheother’sshoes.B（考點(diǎn)24中難）IstillremembermyfirsttimegoingtotheChinesecompany'scanteen.WhenIsteppedontotheelevator,eachonewasfullofpeople.①

However,therewasnosignoffireandpeoplewerelaughingandtalking.Ifollowedtheflowofthecrowdtothedoorsofthecanteen.ItoccurredtomethatinChinaeveryonehaslunchalmostatthesametime.②

Thecanteenfollowedthisschedule,onlybeingopenafewhoursperday.WhenIstoodinthedoorway,IrealizedIhadtoactfastorIwouldbeleftbehind.③ Unlikemyschoollunchroom,hereeveryonelinedupandtookatray,andinsteadofsilverwaretherechopsticksandsoupspoons.AsIwaspushedalongtheline,IsawdishesIdidn'trecognizeandaspeoplecutinlineandpickedupdishesleftandright,④

Iendeduptakingaporkandcucumberdishandatofusalad.Ihavebeenatmycompanyforoverayearandahalf.⑤

IhavewhatdishesIlike,mostlybytrialanderror,andalotoftheworkersknowmeandsayhellotome.Iamstillgettingusedtoeatinglunchat"lunchtime",butIthinkthescheduledefinitelyhelpskeepmeontrackduringtheday.Iwishthereweresomethinglikethisatofficesinmyhometown.IthoughtIhadmissedafiredrill.Therewasnoemergency;itwasjustlunchtime.Inoticedthingsatlunchtimewereabitdifferent.IfeltthatIneededtomakesomequickdecisions.Thecanteenremindedmeofmyschoollunchroom.AndnowIamgladtosayIammoreconfidentinthecanteen.IwasnotveryfamiliarwiththelocalfoodorrestaurantsinChina.C（考點(diǎn)24中難）Earthishometoaround7,000languages,aroundhalfofwhichareexpectedtodisappearby2100.Languagesdisappearformanyreasons.Sometimesyoungergenerationsstopleamingalanguagebecauseparentswantchildrentofitin.①

NativeAmericanchildrenofthelate-19thcenturywererequiredtoattendboardingschoolswhereeducatorsforbadethemfromspeakingtheirnativelanguages.TheUnitedNationsranksendangeredlanguagesaccordingtotheirrisklevel.Forexample,a"criticallyendangered" languageisonethatevengrandparentsdon'tspeakoften.NewYork'sOnondagalanguageisanexamplewithonly50speakersleft.An"extinct"languagehasnospeakers.Itisgoneforever.Alaska'sEyaklanguageisoneexample.② ③ Inthesameway,differentlanguagescontributetoculturaldiversity.Savingtheselanguagesbenefitsourunderstandingofothercultures.Languagescanshowhowasocietylookstheworld and what it values.A language may describe something in away that is funny,too. In Welsh,itrainsnotcats anddogs,butoldwivesandwalkingsticks.TheEndangeredLanguageAlliancewantstosavelanguagesfromdisappearing.④ However,itseffortsarelimited.Ifanendangeredlanguageisgoingtomakearealcomeback,it'llprobablygetitsstartinschools.Fornearly100years,publicschoolsinHawaiididnotteachtheHawaiianlanguage.NowstudentscankeeplearninginHawaiianfromelementaryschoolstocollegeandbeyond.⑤ Atleastonedid.In1881,aJewishlinguistnamedEliezerBen-Yehudabroughtthe3,000-year-oldlanguageHebrewbacktolife.TodayitisoneoftheofficiallanguagesofthecountryofIsrael,withmorethan4millionspeakers.Thelastpersonwhospokeitdiedin2008.Whyshouldwesaveendangeredlanguages?Variousanimalsandplantsbenefitourenvironment.Withjust5speakersleft,itisabsolutelyendangered.Canalanguagewithzeronativespeakerscomebacktolife?Sometimessocietiesforceminoritiestogiveuptheirlanguage.Thenonprofitgroupfindsnativespeakersandrecordstheirstories.D（考點(diǎn)24中難）Long,longagopeoplecouldn'twriteandtheyhadnobooks.Buttheyhadstories.Peoplelearnedthestoriesbyheartandtaughtnewonestooneanother.Sometimesitwashardtorememberthemall.① TheancientEgyptianswrotetheirstoriesonsomethingmadefrompapyrus莎草）plants.PeopleinotherplaceslearnedtousepapyrusfromtheEgyptians.② Soparchment(羊皮紙)，madefromlatertookitsplace.InancientChina,bookslookedalittledifferent.Atthattime,peoplethereusedinktowriteonbambooorsilk.Andthentheyinventedpaper.Madeoftree，paperwaseasierandcheapertomakethanpapyrusorparchment.③ PapermakinglaterspreadtoWest,buttherewasabigproblemwiththeseearlybooks.Everysingleonehadtobecopiedandwrittenbyhand.④ Theycarved(雕刻pageofword'sintoapieceofwoodorstone.Theycouldthenprintthepagebyspreadinginkonthewoodorstoneandputtingitagainstpaper.Butitwasn'tuntilaGermanprinterinventedmovable,metallettersthatbooksbecamefastandeasytomake.Theletterscouldbeusedtoprintcopyaftercopy,andthelettersputtogetheragainandagaintoprintdifferentpagesofwords.⑤ Oncealuxury(奢侈品therichcouldbuy.itsoonbecameatreasureeveryonecouldenjoy,ButpapyrusgrewmainlyinEgypt.Ittookyearstofinishmakingjustonebook.C.Finallybookscouldbeprintedbythethousands.D.Thingsgrewalittleeasierwhenwritingwasinvented.Itssurfacewassmootherandbetterforwritingontoo.BooksintheWestdidn'tchangeforalongtimeafterthat.TheChinesewerethefirsttothinkofawaytospeedthingsupalittle.第II卷（非選擇題（每題1.5分，共60分）1（1）Friendshipisoneofthemostimportantthingsineveryone’slife.① isverydifficulttofindabetterdefinition(定)offriendship.Atruefriendistheperson② 考點(diǎn)10cansharealloursadnessanddoubleallourhappiness.Intimeoftrial嘗),heorsheisalwaysatoursidetogiveushisorherhelpandcomfort.Knowinghowvaluablefriendshipis,weshouldbevery③ 考06(care)withourchoiceofafriend.Weshould④ (choice)thosepeoplewithagoodcharacterasourfriends,butmusttrytoavoid⑤ 考點(diǎn)08(make)friendswithabadman.Besides,weshouldforgivetheirmistakesandtrytohelpthemasmuch⑥

possible.Atruefriendcanalways⑦ 考點(diǎn)09(trust),lovedandrespected.Ifyoutellafriendyoursecrets,heorshewillnottellothers.Friendssharetheirjoys⑧ 考12unhappiness.helpeachotherwhentheyare⑨ 考點(diǎn)03trouble, and cheer each other up when they are sad.⑩ 考點(diǎn)01mostimportantthingisfriendalwaysunderstandsyou.Inconclusion,whenyouhavemadeagoodfriend,don’tforgethimorher.（2）TheBritishMuseum,① 考點(diǎn)08(locate)intheBloomsburyareaofLondon,isthefirstnationalpublicmuseumdedicatedtohumanhistory,artandculture.Itspermanentcollectionnumbers8millionworks,makingitoneofthelargestin② 考04(exist).Ithasbeen③ 考點(diǎn)06(wide)sourced,documentingthestoryofhumanculture④ 考03itsbeginningstothepresent.Aswithallothernationalmuseumsin⑤ 考01UnitedKingdom,itchargesnoadmissionfee.Itsownershipofsomeofitsmostfamousobjects⑥ 考點(diǎn)10originallycamefromothercountriesiscontroversial,particularlyinthecaseoftheParthenonMarbles.Todaythemuseumnolongerhouses⑦ 考04(collection)ofnaturalhistory,andthebooksand(稿)once⑧ 考點(diǎn)09(hold)nowformpartoftheindependentBritishLibrary,⑨ 考點(diǎn)12itstillkeepsitsuniversalityincollectionsofartificialworks⑩ 考點(diǎn)08(represent)theculturesoftheworld,ancientandmodern.（3）Lastyear,mybrotherandIwenttoMiamiforavacation.Someofmyfriendswhohadbeentherebeforesaid①

wasawonderfulholidaydestination.Beforewewent,wehadplannedformonths.Whenthedaycame,wewereready.Afterourplanelanded,wewenttothehotel.Wehadmadeourreservationsixmonths 考點(diǎn)06(early),butthemanatthefrontdesksaidtherehadbeenamistake.We③ 考點(diǎn)09 (tell)thatourroomshadn'tbeenreservedforthatweek,④ 12fortheweekafter.Ididn'tunderstand⑤

thiswouldhappenandmycreditcardhadalreadybeencharged⑥ 03thereservation.What'sworse,thehotelhadbeenfullybooked.Whenwewerewonderingwhattodo,themanagercameout.Shewas⑦

考點(diǎn)06(surprise)helpful.SheapologizedforthemistakeandgaveusaspareVIProomon⑧ 考01 topfloor.Wehadneverstayedinsuchamazingroom,andweweren'tchargedextra.Thenextday,mybrotherandIwenttothebeach⑨

考點(diǎn)13wewatchedsomepeopleplayvolleyball.Wegotalittle⑩

考點(diǎn)08(sunburn),butthedayhadbeensorelaxingthatwedidn'tmind.（4）TheBritishhavemanytraditionsbutthereisnothingmorequintessential典型)thantakingafternoontea.Weknowthehavealoveaffairtea,① 考03/08morethan160millioncupsdrunkeveryday,butitwastheinventifafternoonteathatturnedtea-drinkinginto② 01popularpastime.Thissociablefeastinvolvesdrinkinggoodqualitytea③ 考點(diǎn)06(comfort)whilenibbling(小口)onnicesandwiches,sconeswithjamandcreamandaselectionofsmallcakes.And,ofcourse,itcanonlyhappenintheafternoon!Afternoontea,④ 考點(diǎn)08(design)asalightsnacktobridgethegapbetweenlunchanddinner,datesbacktothe1840s. Itwentontobecomea⑤ 考點(diǎn)06(fashion)socialoccasionfortheupperclasses.Nowthereisaresurgence(復(fù)蘇)inits⑥ 考點(diǎn)04(popular)intheUKanditisavailabletoanyonewhocanaffordit.⑦ 考點(diǎn)13itcanbeenjoyedathome,thebestwaytoexperienceitisatasmarthotelofcafé.Butifyou’rethinkingofvisitingsuchaplace⑧ 考點(diǎn)08(enjoy)aplateofsweetandtastytreatswithasteaminghotbrew,remembertherulesyoumustfollowtoavoid⑨ 08(ask)toleave.WriterHenryJamesoncenotedthat“therearefewhoursinlifemoreagreeablethanthehourtotheceremonyknownasafternoontea”.I’msureonceyoutryit,you⑩ 09(agree).參考答案一、七選五A、答案：D;A;F;B;CB、答案：ABEDF解析：本文講述了作者第一次在中企餐廳就餐的感受。AA知,BBE項(xiàng)中的schoollunchroom文呼應(yīng),故選E,D項(xiàng)。,F項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在我可以很高興地說(shuō)我在餐廳更加自信了”是對(duì)作者熟悉中餐廳后的描寫(xiě),故選FC、答案：F;A;C;G;E解析：1F由.An"extinct" languagehasnospeakers.Itisgoneforever.Alaska'sEyaklanguageisoneexample.可知已經(jīng)滅絕的語(yǔ)言沒(méi)有說(shuō)種這語(yǔ)言的人了。它永遠(yuǎn)消失了。阿拉斯加語(yǔ)言就是一個(gè)例子。所以小題2說(shuō)的說(shuō)這種語(yǔ)言的最后一人死于2008年,這種語(yǔ)言也就永遠(yuǎn)消失了。符合對(duì)前文的解釋。故A選項(xiàng)切題。inthesameway3CTheEndangeredLanguageAlliancewantstosavelanguagesfrom聯(lián)盟希望挽救這些即將消失的語(yǔ)言。小題2G由Atleastonedid.In1881,aJewishlinguistnamedEliezerBen-Yehudabroughtthe3,000-year-oldlanguageHebrewbacktolife.TodayitisoneoftheofficiallanguagesofthecountryofIsrael,withmorethan4million1881年,一位名叫EliezerBen-Yehuda34005ED、答案：DAEGCTheancientEgyptianswrotetheirstoriesonsomethingmadefrompapyrusplants.(古埃及人把他們的故事寫(xiě)在用紙莎草這種植物制作的東西上。）可知，第一段的最后一句承接第一段的內(nèi)容并引起第二段的內(nèi)容，所以應(yīng)該填與“把故事寫(xiě)下來(lái)”相關(guān)的內(nèi)容?！矨E〔提示：根據(jù)前一句Madeoftrees，paperwaseasierandcheapertomakethanpapyrusorparchment.(用樹(shù)木制造的紙，相比紙莎草和羊皮紙更加便宜和容易制作。）可知，這一段是在講用樹(shù)木制作的紙的特點(diǎn)?！矴結(jié)合選項(xiàng)GspeedC項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境，現(xiàn)在的書(shū)可以成千上萬(wàn)的復(fù)制印刷?！扯⒄Z(yǔ)法填空答案：It;who;careful;choose;making;as;betrusted;and;in;The1.located2.existence3.widely4.from5.the6.that7.collections8.held9.but10.represe