英語含有二真題1986年-2009統(tǒng)一卷

2000年入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語試PartⅠClosethecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(10points)①Ifafarmerwishestosucceed,hemusttrytokeepawidegapbetweenhisconsumptionandhisproduction.②Hemuststorealargetyofgrain1consumingallhisgrainimmedia③Hecancontinuetosupporthimselfandhisfamily2heproducesasurplus.④Hemustusethissurplusinthreeways:asseedforsowing,asaninsurance3theunpredictableeffectsofbadweatherandasacommoditywhichhemustsellinorderto4oldagriculturalimplementsandobtainchemicalfertilizersto5thesoil.⑤Hemayalsoneedmoneytoconstructirrigation6andimprovehisfarminotherways.⑥Ifnosurplusisavailable,afarmercannotbe7.⑦Hemusteithersellsomeofhispropertyor8extrafundsintheformofloans.⑧Naturallyhewilltrytoborrowmoneyatalow9ofinterest,butloansofthiskindarenot10obtainable.［139otheraswellinsteadmoreonlymuchlongever［C］［C］［A］ ［B］ ［C］ ［D］PartⅡReadingEachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswersmarked［A］,［B］,［C］and［D］.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(40points)Passage①Ahistoryoflongandeffortlesssuccesscanbeadreadfulhandicap,but,ifproperlyhandled,itmay eadrivingforce.②WhentheUnitedStatesenteredjustsuchaglowingperiodaftertheendoftheSecondWorldWar,ithadamarketeighttimeslargerthananycompetitor,givingitsindustriesunparalleledeconomiesofscale.③Itsscientistsweretheworldsbest;itsworkersthemostskilled.④(11)AmericaandAmericanswereprosperousbeyondthedreamsoftheEuropeansandAsianswhoseeconomiesthewarhaddestroyed.①Itwasinevitablethatthisprimacyshouldhavenarrowedasothercountriesgrewricher.②Justasinevitably,theretreatfrompredominanceprovedpainful.③Bythemid-1980sAmericanshadfoundthemselvesatalossovertheirfadingindustrialcompetitiveness.④SomehugeAmericanindustries,suchasconsumerelectronics,hadshrunkorvanishedinthefaceofforeigncompetition.⑤By1987therewasonlyoneAmericanevisionmakerleft,Zenith.⑥(Nowthereisnone:weresweeintothedomesticmarket.America’smachine-toolindustrywasontheropes.⑧Forawhileitlookedasthoughthemakingofsemiconductors,whichAmericahadinventedandwhichsatattheheartofthenewcomputerage,wasgoingtobethenextcasualty.③Theybegantobelievethattheirwayofngbusinesswasfailing,andthattheir eswouldthereforeshortlybegintofallaswell.④Themid-1980sbroughtoneinquiryafteranotherintothecausesofAmerica’sindustrialdecline.⑤Theirsometimessensationalfindingswerefilledwithwarningsaboutthegrowingcompetitionfromoverseas.①Howthingshavechanged!②In1995theUnitedStatescanlookbackonfiveyearsofsolidgrowthwhileJapanhasbeenstruggling.③（14）FewAmericansattributethissolelytosuchobviouscausesasadevalueddollarortheturningofthebusinesscycle.④Self-doubthasyieldedtoblindpride.⑤“Americanindustryhaschangeditsstructure,hasgoneonadiet,haslearnttobemorequick-witted,”accordingtoRichardCavanaugh,executivedeanofHarvard’sKennedySchoolofernment.⑥“ItmakesmeproudtobeanAmericanjusttoseehowourbusinessesareimprovingtheirproductivity,”saysStephenMooreoftheCatoInstitute,athink-inWashington,DC.⑦AndWilliamSahlmanoftheHarvardBusinessSchoolbelievesthatpeopleStates.［429TheU.S.achieveditspredominanceafterWorldWarII［A］ithadmadepainstakingeffortstowardsthis［B］itsdomesticmarketwaseighttimeslargerthan［C］thewarhaddestroyedtheeconomiesofmostpotential［D］theunparalleledsizeofitsworkforcehadgivenanimpetustoitsThelossofU.S.predominanceintheworldeconomyinthe1980sismanifestedinthefactthattheAmerican.［A］TVindustryhadwithdrawntoitsdomestic［B］semiconductorindustryhadbeentakenoverbyforeign［C］machine-toolindustryhadcollapsedaftersuicidal［D］autoindustryhadlostpartofitsdomesticWhatcanbeinferredfromthe［A］Itishumannaturetoshiftbetweenself-doubtandblind［B］Intensecompetitionmaycontributetoeconomic［C］Therevivaloftheeconomydependsoninternational［D］AlonghistoryofsuccessmaypavethewayforfurtherTheauthorseemstobelievetherevivaloftheU.S.economyinthe1990scanbeto［A］turningofthebusiness ［B］restructuringof［C］improvedbusiness ［D］successinPassage①（15）Beingamanhasalwaysbeendangerous.②Thereareabout105malesbornforevery100females,butthisratiodropstonearbalanceattheageofmaturity,andamong70-year-oldstherearetwiceasmanywomenasmen.③Butthegreatuniversalofmalemortalityisbeingchanged.④Now,boybabiessurvivealmostaswellasgirlsdo.⑤Thismeansthat,forthefirsttime,therewillbeanexcessofboysinthosecrucialyearswhentheyaresearchingforamate.⑥Moreimportant,anotherchancefornaturalselectionhasbeenremoved.⑦Fiftyyearsago,thechanceofababy(particularlyaboybaby)survivingdependedonitsweight.Akilogramtoolightortooheavymeantalmostcertaindeath.⑧Todayitmakesalmostnodifference.Sincemuchofthevariationisduetogenes,onemoreagentofevolutionhasgone.①Thereisanotherwaytocommitevolutionarysuicide:stayalive,buthavefewer②Fewpeopleareasfertileasinthepast.③Exceptinsomereligiouscommunities,veryfewwomenhave15children.④Nowadaysthenumberofbirths,liketheageofdeath,has average.⑤Mostofushaveroughlythesamenumberofoffspring.⑥（16）Again,differencesbetweenpeopleandtheopportunityfornaturalselectiontotakeadvantageofithavediminished.⑦showswhatishappening.Thecountryofferswealthforafewinthegreatcitiesandpovertyfortheremainingtribalpeoples.⑧Thegrandmediocrityoftoday—everyonebeingthesameinsurvivalandnumberofoffspring—meansthatnaturalselectionhaslost80%ofitspowerinupper-middle-classcomparedtothetribes.Forus,thismeansthatevolutionisover;thebiologicalUtopiahasarrived.②Strangely,ithasinvolvedlittlephysicalchange.③Nootherspeciesfillssomanyplacesinnature.④Butinthepast100,000years—eventhepast100years—ourliveshavebeentransformedbutourbodieshave⑤（17）Wedidnotevolve,becausemachinesandsocietydiditforus.⑥D(zhuǎn)arwinhadaphrasetodescribethoseignorantofevolution:they“l(fā)ookatanorganicbeingasasavagelooksataship,asatsomethingwhollybeyondhiscomprehension.”⑦Nodoubtwewillremembera20thcenturywayoflifebeyondcomprehensionforitsugliness.ButhoweveramazedourdescendantsmaybeathowfarfromUtopiawewere,theywilllookjustlikeus.［406words］Whatusedtobethedangerinbeingamanaccordingtothefirst［A］Alackof ［B］Afierce［C］Alowersurvival ［D］AdefectiveWhatdoestheexampleof［A］Wealthypeopletendtohavefewerchildrenthanpoor［B］Naturalselectionhardlyworksamongtherichandthe［C］Themiddleclasspopulationis80%smallerthanthatofthe［D］isoneofthecountrieswithaveryhighbirthTheauthorarguesthatourbodieshavestoppedevolving［A］lifehasbeenimprovedbytechnological［B］thenumberoffemalebabieshasbeen［C］ourspecieshasreachedthehigheststageof［D］thedifferencebetweenwealthandpovertyisWhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthe［A］SexRatioChangesinHuman［B］WaysofContinuingMan’s［C］TheEvolutionaryFutureof［D］HumanEvolutionGoingPassage①（20）Whenanewmovementinartattainsacertainfashion,itisadvisabletofindoutwhatitsadvocatesareaimingat,for,howeverfarfetchedandunreasonabletheirprinciplesmayseemtoday,itispossiblethatinyearstocometheymayberegardedasnormal.②WithregardtoFuturistpoetry,however,thecaseisratherdifficult,forwhateverFuturistpoetrymaybe—evenadmittingthatthetheoryonwhichitisbasedmayberight—itcanhardlybeclassedasLiterature.①This,inbrief,iswhattheFuturistsays:foracentury,pastconditionsoflifehavebeenconditionallyspeedingup,tillnowweliveinaworldofnoiseand andspeed.②Consequently,ourfeelings,thoughtsandemotionshaveundergoneacorrespondingchange.③（21）Thisspeedingupoflife,saystheFuturist,requiresanewformofexpression.④Wemustspeedupourliteraturetoo,ifwewanttointerpretmodernstress.⑤Wemustpouroutalargestreamofessentialwords,unhamperedbystops,orqualifyingadjectives,orfiniteverbs.⑥Insteaddescribingsoundswemustmakeupwordsthatimitatethem;wemustusemanysizesoftypeanddifferentcoloredinksonthesamepage,andshortenorlengthenwordsatwill.①Certainlytheirdescriptionsofbattlesareconfused.②ButitisalittleupsettingtoreadtheexplanatorynotesthatacertainlinedescribesafightbetweenaTurkishandaBulgarianofficeronabridgeoffwhichtheybothfallintotheriver—andthentofindthatthelineconsistsofthenoiseoftheirfallingandtheweightsoftheofficers:“Pluff!Pluff!Ahundredandeighty-fiveasLiterature.②Allthesame,nothinkingmancanrefusetoaccepttheirfirstproposition:thatagreatchangeinouremotionallifecallsforachangeofexpression.③Thewholequestionisreallythis:haveweessentiallychanged?［334words］Thispassageis［A］asurveyofnewapproachesto［B］areviewofFuturist［C］aboutmeritsoftheFuturist［D］aboutlawsandrequirementsofWhenanovelliteraryideaappears,peopleshouldtry［A］determineits ［B］ignoreits［C］followthenew ［D］accepttheFuturistsclaimthatwe［A］increasetheproductionof［B］usepoetrytorelievemodern［C］developnewmodesof［D］avoidusingadjectivesandTheauthorbelievesthatFuturistpoetry［A］basedonreasonable［B］newandacceptabletoordinary［C］indicativeofabasicchangeinhuman［D］moreofatransientphenomenonthanPassage①（23）AimlessnesshashardlybeentypicalofthepostwarJapanwhoseproductivityandsocialharmonyaretheenvyoftheUnitedStatesandEurope.②ButincreasinglytheJapaneseareseeingadeclineofthetraditionalwork-moralvalues.③Tenyearsagoyoungpeoplewerehardworkingandsawtheirjobsastheirprimaryreasonforbeing,butnowJapanhaslargelyfulfilleditseconomicneeds,andyoungpeopledon’tknowwheretheyshouldgonext.①Thecomingofageofthepostwarbabyboomandanentryofwomenintothemale-dominatedjobmarkethavelimitedtheopportunitiesofteen-agerswhoarealreadyquestioningthe ②Inarecentsurvey,itwasfoundthatonly24.5percentofJapanesestudentswerefullysatisfiedwithschoollife,comparedwith67.2percentofstudentsintheUnitedStates.③Inaddition,farmoreJapaneseworkersexpresseddissatisfactionwiththeirjobsthandidtheircounterpartsinthe10othercountriessurveyed.①Whileoftenpraisedbyforeignersforitsemphasisonthebasics,Japaneseeducationtendstostresstesttakingandmechanicallearningovercreativityandself-expression.②（25）“Thosethingsthatdonotshowupinthetestscores—ality,ability,courageorhumanity—arecompleyignored,”saysToshikiKaifu,chairmanoftherulingLiberalDemocraticParty’seducationcommittee.③“Frustrationagainstthiskindofthingleadskidstodropoutandrunwild.”④LastyearJapanexperienced2，125incidentsofschool ,including929assaultsonteachers.⑤Amidtheoutcry,manyconservativeleadersareseekingareturntotheprewaremphasisonmoraleducation.⑥LastyearMitsuoSetoyama,whowastheneducationminister,raisedeyebrowswhenhearguedthatliberalreformsintroducedbytheAmericanoccupationauthoritiesafterWorldWarIIhadweakenedthe“Japanesemoralityofrespectforparents.”①（26）ButthatmayhavemoretodowithJapaneselife-styles.②“InJapan,”sayseducatorYokoMuro,“it’sneveraquestionofwhetheryouenjoyyourjobandyourlife,butonlyhowmuchyoucanendure.”③Witheconomicgrowthhascomecentralization;fully76percentofJapan’s119millioncitizensliveincitieswherecommunityandtheextendedfamilyhavebeenabandonedinfavorofisolated,two-generationhouseholds.④UrbanJapanesehavelongenduredlengthycommutes(travelstoandfromwork)andcrowdedlivingconditions,butastheoldgroupandfamilyvaluesweaken,the fortisbeginningtol.⑤Inthepastdecade,theJapanesedivorcerate,whilestillwellbelowthatoftheUnitedStates,hasincreasedbymorethan50percent,andsuicideshaveincreasedbynearlyone-quarter.［447words］IntheWesterners’eyes,thepostwarJapan［A］underaimless ［B］apositive［C］arivaltothe ［D］ontheAccordingtotheauthor,whatmaychieflyberesponsibleforthemoraldeclineofJapanese［A］Women’sparticipationinsocialactivitiesis［B］Moreworkersaredissatisfiedwiththeir［C］Excessiveemphasishasbeenplacedonthe［D］Thelife-stylehasbeeninfluencedbyWesternWhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothe［A］Japaneseeducationispraisedfor theyoungclimbthesocial［B］Japaneseeducationischaracterizedbymechanicallearningaswellas［C］Morestressshouldbeplacedonthecultivationof［D］DropoutleadstofrustrationagainsttestThechangeinJapaneselife-styleisrevealedinthefact［A］theyoungarelesstolerant fortsin［B］thedivorcerateinJapanexceedsthatinthe［C］theJapaneseenduremorethanever［D］theJapaneseappreciatetheirpresentPassage①（27）Ifambitionistobewellregarded,therewardsofambition—wealth,distinction,controloverone’sdestiny—mustbedeemedworthyofthesacrificesmadeonambition’sbehalf.②Ifthetraditionofambitionistohavevitality,itmustbewidelyshared;anditespeciallymustbehighlyregardedbypeoplewhoarethemselvesadmired,theeducatednotleastamongthem.③（28）Inanoddway,however,itistheeducatedwhohaveclaimedtohavegivenuponambitionasanideal.④Whatisoddisthattheyhaveperhapsmostbenefitedfromambition—ifnotalwaystheirownthenthatoftheirparentsandgrandparents.⑤Thereisaheavynoteofhypocrisyinthis,acaseofclosingthebarndoorafterthehorseshaveescaped—withtheeducatedthemselvesridingonthem.①Certainlypeopledonotseemlessinterestedinsuccessanditssignsnowthanformerly.②Summerhomes,Europeantravel,BMWs—thelocations,placenamesandnamebrandsmaychange,butsuchitemsdonotseemlessindemandtodaythanadecadeortwoyearsago.③（29）Whathashappenedisthatpeoplecannotconfessfullytotheirdreams,aseasilyandopenlyasoncetheycould,lesttheybethoughtpushing,acquisitiveandvulgar.④Instead,wearetreatedtofinehypocriticalspectacles,whichnowmorethaneverseeminamplesupply:thecriticofAmericanmaterialismwithaSouthamptonsummerhome;thepublisherofradicalbookswhotakeshismealsinthree-starrestaurants;thejournalistadvocatingparticipatorydemocracyinallphasesoflife,whoseownchildrenareenrolledinprivateschools.⑤Forsuchpeopleandmanymoreperhapsnotsoexceptional,theproperformulationis,“Succeedatallcostsbutavoidappearingambitious.”①Theattacksonambitionaremanyandcomefromvariousangles;itspublicdefendersfewandunimpressive,wheretheyarenotextremelyunattractive.②Asaresult,thesupportforambitionasahealthyimpulse,aqualitytobeadmiredandfixedinthemindoftheyoung,isprobablylowerthanithaseverbeenintheUnitedStates.③Thisdoesnotmeanthatambitionisatanend,thatpeoplenolongerfeelitsstirringsandpromptings,butonlythat,nolongeropenlyhonored,itislessopenlyprofessed.④Consequencesfollowfromthis,ofcourse,someofwhicharethatambitionisdrivenunderground,ormadesly.⑤Such,then,isthewaythingsstand:ontheleftangrycritics,ontherightstupidsupporters,andinthemiddle,asusual,themajorityofearnestpeopletryingtogetoninlife.［431words］Itisgenerallybelievedthatambitionmaybewellregarded［A］itsreturnswellcompensateforthe［B］itisrewardedwithmoney,fameand［C］itsgoalsarespiritualratherthan［D］itissharedbytherichandtheThelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthatit［A］customaryoftheeducatedtodiscardambitionin［B］toolatetocheckambitiononceithasbeenlet［C］dishonesttodenyambitionafterthefulfillmentofthe［D］impracticalfortheeducatedtoenjoybenefitsfromSomepeopledonotopenlyadmittheyhaveambition［A］theythinkofitas［B］theirpursuitsarenotfameor［C］ambitionisnotcloselyrelatedtomaterial［D］theydonotwanttoappeargreedyandFromthelastparagraphtheconclusioncanbedrawnthatambitionshouldbe［A］secretlyand ［B］openlyand［C］easilyand ［D］verballyandPartⅢEnglish-ChineseReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoYourtranslationmustbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(15ernmentsthroughouttheworldactontheassumptionthatthewelfareoftheirpeopledependslargelyontheeconomicstrengthandwealthofthecommunity.31）Undermodernconditions,thisrequiresvaryingmeasuresofcentralizedcontrolandhencethehelpofspecializedscientistssuchaseconomistsandoperationalresearchexperts.32）Furthermore,itisobviousthatthestrengthofacountry’seconomyisdirectlyboundupwiththeefficiencyofitsagricultureandindustry,andthatthisinturnrestsupontheeffortsofscientistsandtechnologistsofallkinds.Italsomeansthaternmentsareincreasinglycompelledtointerfereinthesesectorsinordertostepupproductionandensurethatitisutilizedtothebestadvantage.Forexample,theymayencourageresearchinvariousways,includingthesettingupoftheirownresearchcenters;theymayalterthestructureofeducation,orinterfereinordertoreducethewastageofnaturalresourcesortapresourceshithertounexploited;ortheymaycooperatedirectlyinthegrowingnumberofinternationalprojectsrelatedtoscience,economicsandindustry.Inanycase,allsuchinterventionsareheavilydependentonscientificadviceandalsoscientificandtechnologicalmanpowerofall33）Owingtotheremarkabledevelopment munications,peopleeverywherefeelingnewwantsandarebeingexposedtonewcustomsandideas,whileernmentsareoftenforcedtointroducestillfurtherinnovationsforthereasonsgivenabove.Atthesametime,thenormalrateofsocialchangethroughouttheworldistakingplaceatavastlyacceleratedspeedcomparedwiththepast.Forexample,34）intheearlyindustrializedcountriesofEuropetheprocessofindustrialization—withallthefar-reachingchangesinsocialpatternsthatfollowed—wasspreadovernearlyacentury,whereasnowadaysadevelonationmayundergothesameprocessinadecadeorso.Allthishastheeffectofbuildingupunusualpressuresandtensionswithinthecommunityandconsequentlypresentsseriousproblemsfortheernmentsconcerned.35）Additionalsocialstressesmayalsooccurbecauseofthepopulationexplosionorproblemsarisingfrommassmigrationmovements—themselvesmaderelativelyeasynowadaysbymodernmeansoftransport.Asaresultofallthesefactors,ernmentsare ingincreasinglydependentonbiologistsandsocialscientistsforplanningtheappropriateprogramsandputtingthemintoeffect.［390SectionⅣWriting(15Studythefollowingtwopicturescarefullyandwriteanessayofatleast150YouressaymustbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEETYouressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow:1）Describethepictures.2）Deducethepurposeofthepainterofthepictures.3）Suggestcounter-measures.2000PartⅠCloze1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 9. 10.PartⅡReadingPassage11.12.14.PassagePassagePassagePassagePartⅢEnglish-Chinese想。由于上述原因，常常得推出的革新。在先期實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)化的歐洲國(guó)家中，其工業(yè)化進(jìn)程以及隨之而來的各種深刻的社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)持了大約個(gè)世紀(jì)久而如一個(gè)發(fā)國(guó)家在十左右就能完成個(gè)過程由于人口的猛增或人口的大量流動(dòng)(現(xiàn)代交通工具使這種流動(dòng)相對(duì)容易)造成的種種SectionⅣWriting(15PartⅠClose滿足農(nóng)業(yè)再生產(chǎn)等需要。⑥⑦⑧句論述沒有余糧的危害:不能自給自足，從論證余\[Aotherthan不同于，除了……[B]aswellas也，又（表示附加[C]insteadof而不是……（表選擇）[D]morethan比……（表比較）［快速解題］文章首句的含義是：一個(gè)農(nóng)民要想成功，就必須努力保持其消費(fèi)和生產(chǎn)（大量的糧食另一種是consumingallhisgrainimmediay（立即把他所有的糧食都分，而且其后能跟現(xiàn)在分詞。選項(xiàng)中，只有介詞短語insteadof符合要求，意為“他必須存［空格設(shè)置］insteadof是連接性介詞，體現(xiàn)上下文語義上的邏輯關(guān)系。insteadof表如：Iwillstayathomeinsteadofgoingout.我將待在家里，不出門。其他連接性介詞還包括，despite（，besides（［干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置］其他項(xiàng)的短語都可用于連接前后并列的兩部分。otherthan常用于否定句中，實(shí)際上是對(duì)后面部分的肯定，如：Idon’tknowanyFrenchpeopleotherthanyou.除了The編輯和校對(duì)者都在加班工作。Ilikehermorethanherhusband.我比較喜歡她，不太喜歡她丈2.[A]onlyif只要，只有(表?xiàng)l件 [B]muchas盡管，雖然(表讓步[C]longbefore早在…以前(表時(shí)間) [D]eversince自從(表時(shí)間)［快速解題］考生需判斷空格前后部分之間的邏輯關(guān)系。顯然，heproducesasurplushecancontinuetosupporthimselfandhisfamilyonlyif引導(dǎo)條分句繼續(xù)強(qiáng)調(diào)糧食的必要性，符合上下文意。［篇章分析］己及家人。②句的storealargetyofgrain和③句的producesasurplus是近義復(fù)現(xiàn)，實(shí)［空格設(shè)置］onlyifonlyifif的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式，在文中用于強(qiáng)調(diào)糧食的必要性。onlyif用于句首時(shí)，主句一般要倒裝，如：Onlyiftheredlightcomesonisthereanythingwrongwiththemachine.只要紅燈一亮，就表示機(jī)器出毛病esp.money,sothatsb/sthcanliveorexistMarkhastosupporttwochildrenfromhisfirstmarriage.馬克得供養(yǎng)他第一次生的。Heturnedtocrimetosupporthisdrughabit.他為維持吸毒的惡習(xí)而走上的道路。二，根據(jù)上下文選詞。句中surplus為名詞，意為“過剩（量，剩余（額agriculturalsurpluses過剩的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品。它和上文storealargety相呼應(yīng)。［干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置］其他項(xiàng)也是主從復(fù)合句的連接詞。例句：Muchassheneededthejob,shehadtorefuse.雖然她非常需要這份工作，她只能。ShehadseenthefilmabroadlongbeforeitwasshowninBeijing.早在這部在上映之前，她就在國(guó)外看過了。Shehadbeenworryingeversincetheletterarrived.自從接到那封信后她就一直焦慮不安。3.[A]for[B]against，靠著，相反，對(duì)…不利,預(yù)[Cof[D]towards+acommoditytheunpredictableeffectsofbadweather搭配，做insuranceinsurance（against。［篇章分析］③句和④⑤句是并列關(guān)系，共同支持②句的觀點(diǎn)：必須糧食。③句inthreeways做狀語，冒號(hào)后三個(gè)并列的as...介詞結(jié)構(gòu)列舉了使用余糧的三種方式。［空格設(shè)置］against作為常用介詞，其含義和用法非常豐富。against意為“，違him.對(duì)他不利；Putthepianoagainstthewall.把鋼琴緊靠著墻；precautionsagainstfire防（備不測(cè)的）Atthattimepeoplehadlargefamiliesasaninsuranceagainstsomechildrendying.那時(shí)人們養(yǎng)的很多，以防有孩子夭折。fightingfortheircountry為祖國(guó)出征的；或表示目的或用途，如：amachineforslicingattitudetowardsdeath我們對(duì)的態(tài)度；Themoneywillgotowardsanewschoolbuilding.這筆將用于修建新校舍。of可指“……的。它們的中文釋義都有干擾，要注意各自的用4.[A]replace[B]purchase[Csupplement[D]dispose（~of）+排（dispose）replace表達(dá)的“用余糧換得的錢來買新農(nóng)具以更換舊農(nóng)具”符［篇章分析］commoditywhich引導(dǎo)的定語從句，具體說明余糧作為商品的用途：更換舊農(nóng)具及化肥。定語從句中，inorderto連接兩個(gè)并列的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)toreplace...and(to)obtain...做目的狀語。［空格設(shè)置］which引導(dǎo)的定語從句。replace一詞含義雖然簡(jiǎn)單，但需要通過理解上下文意來解答。例句：toreplacemealswithsnacks不吃正餐，改吃點(diǎn)心；You’llbeexpectedtoreplaceanybrokenglasses.玻璃杯損壞，要負(fù)責(zé)賠償。［干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置］implements（構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓搭配。例句：Theypurchasedthelandfor$1million.他們以100萬買下了這塊土地。adietsupplementedwithvitaminpillsdisposedisposeofsb/sthHedisposedofhisoldcar.他處理掉他的舊汽車。也指“解決，處理（問題、等；擊敗，殺死（。][Cfeed[D]raise［快速解題］空格部分談到農(nóng)民把余糧作為商品出售的另一目的：obtainchemicalfertilizersto5thesoilenhance從含義上看似乎符合上下文語義要求，但它通常與抽feedsoil搭配，feed［空格設(shè)置］此題重點(diǎn)考查動(dòng)詞的用法及搭配。feed（養(yǎng)，養(yǎng)活，如：Youcan’tfeedafamilyoffiveon$100aweek.你無法靠每周100的收入來養(yǎng)活一家五口。文中feed是比喻用法，需要根據(jù)上下文意理解。［干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置］enhance在詞義上形成干擾，如：Healthenhancesbeauty.健康使人顯Oildoesnotmixwithwater.油不和水相溶。raise對(duì)feed構(gòu)成近義干擾，如：raisecorn/cattle種植玉米/養(yǎng)牛；Theyraisedher(as)aCatholic.他們把她培養(yǎng)成為天主。6.[A]vessels船，容器，導(dǎo)管，脈管[B]routes[C]paths路，小路 [D]channels，管道本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：固定搭配+名詞詞義辨析。正確率paths，它們主要指空中或地面的道路。vesselirrigationchannel（水渠或以其他方式來改進(jìn)農(nóng)場(chǎng)。⑤句中also一詞表明了它與上文的并列邏輯關(guān)系。［空格設(shè)置］名詞的固定搭配也是知識(shí)運(yùn)用的?？键c(diǎn)。channel含義豐富，意為“電throughtheproperchannels.必須通過正當(dāng)途徑進(jìn)行。drainagechannelsinthericefields稻田的排水溝。考生較熟悉的是它的前幾個(gè)義項(xiàng)，此處了它表示“水渠”的含義及與irrigation的搭配。，［干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置］其他項(xiàng)與channel（ascenic/coastalroute景色優(yōu)美的/沿海的公路；anair/busroute飛行航線/路線，它也可比喻為“途徑如：theroutetofame/power成名的/獲取權(quán)力的途徑。path意為“小路，（行進(jìn)的）abicyclepath自行車道；thepathofahurricanetofreedom/success通向自由/成功的道路。vessel（盛液體的）（人或動(dòng)物的）植物的）bloodvessel血管。，7.[A]self-confident自信 [B]self-sufficient自給自足[Cself-satisfied自滿的，自鳴得意的[D]self-restrained自我控制的，有節(jié)制的［A糧的。⑥句是統(tǒng)領(lǐng)了⑦⑧句的總起句。［空格設(shè)置］此題實(shí)際上是通過考查復(fù)合形容詞來考查上下文的語義。self-sufficientsupporthimselfandhisfamilyself-sufficientThecountryistotallyself-sufficientinfood［干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置］selffarmers。例句：aself-confidentmanner自信的態(tài)度。Hehadaself-satisfiedsonhisface.他臉上掛著得意洋洋的笑容。herself-restraineds她克制的微笑。8.[A]search搜 [B]save，節(jié)[C]offer提供，出價(jià)[D]seek尋求，尋找［快速解題］⑦句（如果農(nóng)民沒有生產(chǎn)剩余）他必須變賣部分家產(chǎn)或以的形意為“尋求以的形式獲得的額金。［篇章分析］cannotbeself-sufficient：他或者需要［干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置］其他項(xiàng)都可接fundssearch干擾性較強(qiáng)，因此必須理offersearch“找尋（/物，如：searchedtheplaneforsurvivors搜查飛機(jī)尋找幸存者，Shesearchedinvainforherpassport.她翻找自己的護(hù)照，但沒找著。9.[A]proportion比例，比率，均 [B]percentage百分[C]rate比率，速度，等級(jí) [D]ratio比率，對(duì)比，比值interest應(yīng)表示利率。rateofinterestinterestrate［篇章分析］⑦⑧句是承接關(guān)系，⑦句提到農(nóng)民不能自足時(shí)，要去借貸，⑧句說明借貸時(shí)會(huì)遇到的。⑧句中borrowmoney與⑦句中extrafundsintheformofloans是近義復(fù)［空格設(shè)置］本題考查名詞的搭配用法。rate發(fā)生的次數(shù)或事例存在的個(gè)數(shù)的測(cè)量方法，如：theannualdivorcerate（收取或付給的固定的）費(fèi)用，價(jià)格，如：alow/highhourlyrateofpay按小時(shí)支付的低/高；thebasicrateoftax基本稅額。文中用到的是第二個(gè)含義。［干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置］rate的近義干擾。proportiontheproportionofsthtosth（即事物或事物各部分之間在大小、數(shù)量或程度上的關(guān)系，如：theproportionofbirthstodeaths人口出生與的比例；另相應(yīng)的變化如：happinessnotinproportiontovirtue與美德不成比例。percentage意為“百分比如：Whatpercentageofthestudentswereabsent?的學(xué)生占百分之幾？ratio指Theratioofhydrogentooxygeninwateris2to1.2∶1。10.[A]genuinely地，誠(chéng)實(shí) [B]obviously明顯[Cpresumably可能地，大概,推測(cè)起來[D]frequently經(jīng)常地［快速解題］空格處是but引導(dǎo)的轉(zhuǎn)折分句，前文提到農(nóng)民自然想獲得低利率，義上不與obtainable搭配。obviously表示的“明顯不可獲得”過于絕對(duì)，不符合邏輯。presumably一般做句子副詞單獨(dú)使用，不和其他形容詞連用。從意義上來看，只有［D］符［篇章分析］but連接的表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列句，thiskindlowrateofinterest（低利率。［空格設(shè)置］notfrequently與上文Naturallyhewill存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。［干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置］其他項(xiàng)都是副詞，是根據(jù)中文含義設(shè)置的干擾。例句：Hegenuinelybelievesinwhathesells.Hewasobviouslydrunk.他顯然是喝醉了。Presumablythebadweatherhasdelayedtheflight.大概惡劣的天氣使飛機(jī)誤點(diǎn)了。一個(gè)農(nóng)民要想成功，就必須在消費(fèi)和生產(chǎn)之間努力保持著較大的差距。他必須大量他必須用以下三種方式來使用這些余糧：留作，留作預(yù)防惡劣天氣影響的保障措施，以產(chǎn)或通過尋求額外的。自然，他會(huì)盡量爭(zhēng)取低息，但這種不是經(jīng)常能夠得PartⅡReadingPassage一、詞匯注ata例：I’matalosswhattodonext.我對(duì)下一步做什么心里沒譜［C（3.［U］急救室，vi.*1.tograduallydisappear逐漸例：Herbeautyhasfadedalittle.美貌已有點(diǎn)失色。2.to eweakerphysically(身體)變得虛弱（尤指因此導(dǎo)致重病或）vt.&vi.（使）褪色（使）失去光澤例：Thesunhadfadedthecurtains.把窗簾曬得a1.2.熱烈贊揚(yáng)的，熱情洋溢的aglowingaccount/report熱情洋溢的敘述/*3.光明的，輝煌的；glowv.發(fā)熱，發(fā)光，發(fā)紅n.光亮，光輝vt.giveorbeadisadvantagetosb/sth對(duì)（、某物）設(shè)置不利條件;被施加不利條件例：behandicappedbyalackofeducation因文化水平低而吃虧n.［C］1.（由于受到損壞而產(chǎn)生的身體或智力上的）殘障，殘疾*2.，不利條件例：Illiteracyisaserioushandicapinlife.不能讀寫是生活中的嚴(yán)重。3.（比賽或競(jìng)賽中加給強(qiáng)手的）不利條件（以示公平）例：Shehadahandicapof7ingolf.她在球比賽7桿。onthe岌岌可危，即將，處于困n.優(yōu)勢(shì)，主導(dǎo)地位；predominanta.占優(yōu)勢(shì)的；主要的；突出的quick-a.的，富于機(jī)智的；witn.智力，才智，智［U（（*2.［C，U］amovementawayfromaplaceoranenemybecauseofdangerordefeat撤退，退卻，例：Napoleon’sretreatfromMoscow從莫斯科的撤退［C］（對(duì)某個(gè)環(huán)境的）（（numberofstudentshasshrunkfrom120to70.120減70人。vi.（尤指因恐懼而）例：Iwillnotshrinkfrommyduties.我不會(huì)逃避責(zé)任。takeforgrantedtakeitforgranted（that…）*2.takesb/sthforgranted（因習(xí)以為常）（因視為當(dāng)然而）例：Wetakehavinganendlesssupplyofcleanwaterforgranted.我們想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為潔凈水的供應(yīng)無窮無盡而不予以珍惜n.，思想yieldtostopresisting屈服，讓步例：Hereluctantlyyieldedtotheirdemands.他不情愿地屈從于他們的要求。*2.tobereplacedby例：Bargesyieldedtoroadvehiclesfortransportinggoods.在貨物方面，駁船讓位給了公路車輛。1.Ahistoryoflongandeffortlesssuccesscanbeadreadfulhandicap,but,ifproperlyhandled,itmay eadrivingforce.WhentheUnitedStatesenteredjustsuchaglowingperiodaftertheendoftheSecondWorldWar,ithadamarketeighttimeslargerthananycompetitor,givingitsindustriesunparalleledeconomiesofscaleithadamarket...Whengiving相當(dāng)于whichgave...，為結(jié)果狀語。unparalleledForawhileitlookedasthough［themakingofsemiconductors,whichAmericahadinventedandwhichsatattheheartofthenewcomputerage,wasgoingtobethenextcasualty］.itlooked；asthoughlooked的表語，其中在這個(gè)表語themakingofsemiconductorswasgoingtobe...之間，又插入了兩個(gè)并列品擊敗的本土產(chǎn)品。Americanindustryhaschangeditsstructure,hasgoneonadiet,haslearnttobemorequick-身體健康”進(jìn)行類比，達(dá)到形象生動(dòng)的效果。我們可以反過來形容人，如：Mr.Smithwasadvisedbythedoctortoloseweight.Nowhehaschangedhisbodystructure,hasgoneonadiet,haslearnedtobemorequick-moving.本文題材涉及經(jīng)濟(jì)。全文通過描述二戰(zhàn)后到90年代經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展所經(jīng)歷的“興第二至三段：描述80年代經(jīng)濟(jì)霸主地位的喪失及其影響。第二段使用舉例論證法加以證明。第三段分析影響，即作出了和調(diào)整。第四段：描述90年代經(jīng)濟(jì)的復(fù)蘇及隨之而來的盲目樂觀情緒。該段最后一些11.TheU.S.achieveditspredominanceWorldWarⅡ[A]ithadmadepainstakingeffortstowards[A][B]itsdomesticmarketwaseighttimesthan[B][C]thewarhaddestroyedtheeconomiesofpotenti