2023年大學(xué)英語六級閱讀訓(xùn)練

大學(xué)英語六級閱讀訓(xùn)練Everyday25milionU.S.childrenrideschoolbuses.Thesafetyrecordforthesebusesismuchbetterthanforpassengercars;butnevertheless,about10childrenarekilledeachyearridingonlargeschoolbuses,andnearlyfourtimesthatnumberarekilledoutsidebusesintheloadingzones.Byandlarge,however,thenation'sschoolchildrenaretransportedtoandfromschoolsafely.Eventhoughthenumberofschoolbuscasualties(死亡人數(shù))isnotlarge,thesafetyofchildrenisalwaysofintensepublicconcern.Whileeveryonewantstoseechildrentransportedsafely,peoplearedividedaboutwhatneedstobedone—particularlywhetherseatbeltsshouldbemandatory(強制性旳)?Supportersofseatbeltsonschoolbusesarguethatseatbeltsarenecessarynotonlytoreducedeathandinjury,butalsototeachchildrenlessonsabouttheimportanceofusingthemroutinelyinanymovingvehicle.Asidebenefit,theypointout,isthatseatbeltshelpkeepchildrenintheirseats,awayfromthebusdriver.OpponentsofseatbeltinstallationsuggestthatchildrenarealreadywellprotectedbytheschoolbusesthatfollowtheNationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration's(NHTSA)safetyrequirementsetin1977.Theyalsobelievethatmanychildrenwon'twearseatbeltsanyway,andthattheymaydamagethebeltsorusethemasweaponstohurtotherchildren.AnewResearchCouncilreportonschoolbussafetysuggeststhattherearealternatesafetydevicesandproceduresthatmaybemoreeffectiveandlessexpensive.Forexample,thestudycommitteesuggestedthatraisingseatbacksfourinchesmayhavethesamesafetyeffectivenessasseatbelts.ThereportsponsoredbytheDepartmentofTransportationattherequestofCongress,reviewsseatbeltsextensivelywhiletakingabroaderlookatsafetyinandaroundschoolbuses.1.Eachyear,childrenkilledoutsidebusesintheloadingzonesareabout_______.A.10B.40C.30D.502.Whichofthesewordsisnearestinmeaningtothewords"aredivided"inParagraphA.disagreeB.separateC.arrangeD.concern3.Accordingtothepassage,whohasthegreatestdegreeofcontroloftheschoolbuses'"safety"?A.ANewResearchCouncil.B.TheDepartmentofTransportation.C.TheMedicalOrganizations.D.NationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration.4.Itmaybeinferredfromthispassagethat_______.A.manyoftheopponentsofseatbeltinstallationareparentsandofficialsoftheDepartmentofTransportationB.proposalofseatbeltsonschoolbuseswouldbeseriouslyconsideredC.analternatesafetydevice(raisingseatbacksfourinches)maybetakenintoconsiderationD.TheDepartmentofTransportationmayeithertaketheideaofseatbeltsorothermeasureswhenitreviewsthewholesituation5.Thebesttitlewhichexpressestheideaofthepassageis_______.A.MakingSchoolBusesEvenSaferforChildrenB.SeatBeltsNeededonSchoolBusesC.AlternateSafetyDevicesandProceduresD.SafetyinandaroundSchoolBuses答案1.B2.A3.D4.D5.AAccordingtothelatestresearchinthe'UnitedStatesofAmerica,menandwomentalksuchdifferentlanguagesthatitislikepeoplefromtwodifferentculturestryingtocommunicate.ProfessorDeborahTannenofGeorgetownUniversity,hasnoticedthedifferenceinthestyleofboy'sandgirl'sconversationsfromanearlyage.Shesaysthatlittlegirls'conversationislessdefinitethanboys'andexpressesmoredoubts.Littleboysuseconversationtoestablishstatuswiththeirlisteners.Thesedifferencescontinueintoadultlife,shesays.Inpublicconversations,mentalkmostandinterruptotherspeakersmore.Inprivateconversations,menandwomenspeakinequalamounts—althoughtheysaythingsinadifferentstyle.ProfessorTannenbelievesthat,forwoman,privatetalkingisawaytoestablishandtestintimacy.Formen,privatetalkingisawaytoexplorethepowerstructureofarelationship.Teachingisonejobwherethedifferencesbetweenmen'sandwomen'swaysoftalkingshow.Whenamanteachesawoman,saysProfessorTannen,hewantstoshowthathehasmoreknowledge,andhencemorepowerinconversation.Whenawomanteachesanotherwoman,however,sheismorelikelytotakeasharingapproachandtoencourageherstudenttojoinin.ButProfessorTannendoesnotbelievethatwomenarenaturallymorehelpful.Shesayswomenfeeltheyachievepowerbybeingabletohelpothers.Althoughtheresearchsuggestsmentalkandinterruptpeoplemorethanwomen,ProfessorTannensays,womenactuallyencouragethistohappenbecausetheybelieveitwillleadtomoreintimacyandhelptoestablisharelationship.Somescientistswhoarestudyingspeechthinkthatthebrainispre?programmedforlanguage.Asweareusuallytaughttospeakbywomen,itseemslikelythatthebrainmusthaveasexualbias(傾向性)initsprogramming,otherwisemalespeechpatternswouldnotariseatall.1.Intheopinionofthewriter,womenencouragementotalkbecauseA.itwillleadtomoreintimacyandhelptoestablisharelationshipB.itwillhelptoestablishstatuswiththeirlistenersC.itwillhelptoexpressmoreclearlyD.itwillhelptocommunicatebetter2.Thereare_______inlittlegirls'conversationthaninboys'.A.fewerdoubtsB.moredemandsC.moredoubtsD.feweruncertainties3.Somescientistsbelievethatbrainispre-programmedforlanguage.Theword"preprogrammed"means_______.A.programmedalreadyB.programmedbeforeoneisbornC.programmedearlyD.programmedbywomen4.Inprivateconversation,womenspeakA.thesamethingsasmenB.lessthanmenC.morethanmenD.asmuchasmen5.Thethemeofthisarticleis_______.A.womenarenaturallymorehelpfulB.menandwomentalkdifferentlanguagesC.mentalkmostandinterruptotherspeakersmoreD.littlegirls'conversationislessdefinite答案1.A2.C3.B4.D5.BEveryday,thenewsoftheworldisrelayedtopeoplebyover300millioncopiesofdailypapers,over400millionradiosets,andover150milliontelevisionsets.Additionalnewsisshownbymotionpictures,intheatresandcinemasallovertheworld.Asmorepeoplelearnwhattheimportanteventsofthedayare,fewerarestillconcernedexclusivelywiththeeventsoftheirownhousehold.AstheEnglishwriterJohnDonneputitnearlyfourhundredyearsago,"nomanisanisland."ThisideaismoreappropriatetodaythanitwaswhenDonnelived.Inshort,whereverhelives,amanbelongstosomesociety;andwearebecomingmoreandmoreawarethatwhateverhappensinoneparticularsocietyaffects,somehow,thelifeanddestinyofallhumanity.Newspapershavebeenpublishedinthemodernworldforaboutfourhundredyears.MostofthenewspapersprintedtodayarereadinEuropeandNorthAmerica.However,soontheymaybereadinallpartsoftheworld,thankstothenewinventionsthatarechangingthetechniquesofnewspaperpublishing.Electronicsandautomationhavemadeitpossibletoproducepicturesandtextfarmorequicklythanbefore.Photographicreproductioneliminatestheneedfortypeandprintingpresses.Andfewerspecialists,suchastype-setters,areneededtoproduceapaperormagazinebythephoto-offset(照相平板膠印)method.Therefore,thepublishingofnewspapersandmagazinesbecomesmoreeconomical.Furthermore,photo-copiescanbesentovergreatdistancesnowbymeansoftelevisionchannelsandsatellitessuchasTelstar.Thus,picturescanbebroughttothepublicmorequicklythanpreviously.Machinesthatprepareprintedtextsforphoto-copiesarebeingusedagreatdealtoday.Thousandsoflettersandfiguresofdifferentsizesandthicknessescannowbearrangedonablackglassdiscthatisonlyeightinchesindiameter,tobeprintedinnegativeform(whiteonablackbackground).Thedisconthemachineturnsconstantlyattherateoftenrevolutionsasecond.Abeamoflightfromaslroboscopic(頻閃旳)lampshinesonthedesiredlettersandfiguresforaboutIwo-millionthsofasecond.Thentheimageofthelettersandfiguresthatwereilluminatedisprojectedontoafilmthroughlenses.Thesectionoffilmislargeenoughtoholdtheequivalentofapageoftext.Thereisakeyboardinfrontofthemachinethatissimilartothekeyboardofatypewriter,andthemachineoperatorhasonlytostriketheproperkeysfortheimageofthecorrespondingletterstobeimmediatelytransferredtothefilm.Thenegativeimageonthefilmcanquicklybetransferredontopaper.Thismethodmakesitaseasytoreproducephotographsandillustrationsasitistoreproducethetextitself.Film,beinglightandsmall,canbesentrapidlytootherplacesandusedtoprintcopiesofthetextwheretheyareneeded.Filmimagescanalsobeprojectedeasilyonamovieortelevisionscreen.Televisionbroadcastsarelimitedtoanareathatiswithinsightofthesendingstationoritsrelay(中繼).Althoughtelevisionrelaysareoftenplacedonhillsandmountainssothattheycancoverawiderregion,theystillcannotcovermorelandthanonecouldseefromthesamehilltoponaclearday.However,theraysalsogooutintotheatmosphere,andifthereisarelaystationonasatellitethatrevolvesaroundtheearth,itcantransmitthepicturestoanypointontheearthfromwhichthesatelliteisvisible.Threesatellitespermanentlyrevolvingovertheequatortransmitanytelevisionprogramtoanypartoftheearth.Thismakesitpossibleforworldeditionsofnewspaperstogivethenewsinallcountriesatthesametime.Somedayitmaybepossibleforasubscribertoatelevisednewspapertopressabuttonandseeanewspaperpageonhistelevisionscreen.Hecouldalsodecidewhenhewantsthepagetoturn,and,bydiallingdifferentnumberssuchasthoseonatelephonedial,hecouldchoosethelanguageortheeditionofthepaperhewantstoread.Itseemsstrangetothinkthat,eventoday,methodsofthepastarenotentirelyuseless.Forexample,sometimespressagenciesthatuseradioandTelstarusecarrierpigeonstosendmessagesbetweenofficesinlargecitiesbecausethepigeonsarenotbotheredbytrafficproblems.ItmaybesometimebeforetelevisionsetsbecomecommonintheaveragehomesinAfricaandAsia.However,radioisalreadyrapidlybecomingaccessibletothousandsofpeopleintheseareas.And,nowthatgoodradiosarebeingmadewithtransistors,andtheirpriceisgraduallydroppingbecauseofmassproduction,itmaynotbe"toolongbeforeradiosbecomecommonplaceinareaswhichhavenonewspapers.Transistorsmakeitpossibleforpeopletocarrysmallradioswherevertheygo,withoutneedofelectriccurrent.Eventelevisionsetsarenowoperatingontransistors,andthepocketTVmaysoonbeaswidespreadasthepocketradio.Nowthatscientificprogressismakingitpossibletosendthenewstoalltheinhabitantsoftheearth,itwillbeimportanttoconsiderwhatnewsisgoingtobesenttothem.Nomatterwhatcriteriaareusedinmakingthedecision,adecisionmustbemade,sincenoonewould'havetimetoreadorlistentoanaccountofeverythingthereisgoingonintheworld!Peoplewhohavetimetoreadseveralpaperscanalreadycomparedifferentreportsofthesameevent.Whenaneventhaspoliticalsignificance,eachpaperreportsitfromthepointofviewofitsownpoliticalbeliefsorpreferences.Ideally,ofcourse,theexpressionofeditorialopinionshouldbelimitedtotheeditorialpage,andthenewsarticlesshouldbeobjective—tellingthefactsascompletelyaspossible,withouttryingtogivethemaparticularinterpretation,orwithoutotherwisetryingtoinfluencethereader'sopinion.However,reportersandeditorsareonlyhuman,andiftheyhavestrongpoliticalbeliefsitisalmostimpossibleforthemtohidethem.Ifeditorsbelievetheirpointofviewisbestforthereadersoftheirpaper,what'stostopthemfromusingthepapertotrytoinfluencepublicopinion?Andif,someday,aworldnewspaperbecomesareality,willitbethemostpowerfulpressagenciesthatwillchoosethenewstobesentouttoallcountries?1.Theexpression"nomanisanisland"meansthatnomanlivessurroundedbywater.2.Accordingtotheauthor,itmaynotbelongbeforepeopleallovertheworldhaveaccesstonewspapers.3.Thetransferringofnewspapertextstofilmistime-consumingandcostly.4.TransistorsareparticularlyusefulbecausetheyareusedinsmallradioandTVsets.5.Televisionrelaysareoftenplacedonahilltopsothattheycanreachasatellite.6.Peoplearecapableofknowingalltheeventsgoingonineverypartoftheworld.7.Ifaworldnewspaperbecomesareality,itwilltakemoreresponsibilityforinformingallthereadersofthelatestnewsintheworld.8.Newspapershavebeenpublishedforabout______.9.Anytelevisionprogramcouldbetransmittedtoanypartoftheworldby______.10.Itisidealthatthenewsarticles______.答案1.N2.Y3.N4.Y5.N6.N7.NG8.400years9.satellites10.beobjectiveInthelasttwohundredyearstherehavebeengreatchangesinthemethodofproductionofgoods.Thisisnowalsotrueofthebuildingindustry;formechanizationhasbeenintroduced.Systembuildingcansavebothtimeandmoney.Theprincipleofsystembuildingisthatthebuildingismadefromasetofstandardunits.Theseareeithermadeatthebuilding-siteoratafactory.Somedesigners,infact,arestandardizingthedimensionsofrooms.Theyaremadeinmultiplesofasinglefixedlength,usuallytencentimeters.Thisiscalledamodular(原則件旳)system,anditmeansthatmanufacturescanproducestandardizedfittingsatalowercost.Themostimportantfactaboutsystembuildingisitsspeed.Aten-storeyflat,forexample,canbecompletedinfourmonths.Thereareseveralnewmethodsofsystembuilding.Oneisthepanelmethod.Inthiscase,theconstructioncompanysometimeserectsafactoryonthesite.Thewallsandfloorsofthebuilding,calledpanels,arecastinahorizontalorverticalposition.Conduitsforelectricalwiresandsleevesforpipesarecastinthepanelswhentheyarebeingmade.Themouldsformakingthesecastingsaresituatedallaroundthebuilding.Aftertheconcretepanelsarecast,theyareallowedtosetandhardenforaweek.Nexttheyareliftedbyatowercraneontoanysectionofthebuilding.Therethepanelsarecementedtogetherattheirjointsandthefloorcoveringislaid.Afterthepanelshavebeencementedtogether,thecraneliftsacaseintothearea.Itcontainsallthefittingstobeinstalled,suchaswash-basins,radiatorsandpipes.Finishingtradesmen,suchasplumbers,plasterers,paintersandelectricians,followbehindtocompletethework.Insomebuildingdevelopments,insomecountries,wholeflatswithinternalfeaturesliketheirbathrooms,bedroomsandconnectingstairs,andweighingasmuchastwentytons,arecarriedtothebuilding-siteready-made.Agiantoverheadcraneisusedtoliftthemintoposition.Inthefuture,thismethodmaybecomemorewidespread.1.Themaindifferencebetweenpanelmethodandthemethoddiscussedinthelastparagraphis_______.A.thelatterusesready-madeinternalfeaturesB.panelsarecastinalevelpositionC.theformerisusedtobuildwallsandfloorswhilethelattertoconstructbathroomsorbedroomsD.theformerismoreexpensivethanthelatter2.WhichofthesestatementsisTRUEofsystembuilding?A.Itemploysmoremen.B.Itisdifficultanddangerous.C.Itcansavebothtimeandmoney.D.Itmeanslessmechanization.3.Accordingtothepassage,theprincipleofsystembuildingisthat_______.A.constructionmethodsaresaferB.buildingsaremadefromasetofstandardizedunitsC.similarbuildingscanbeproducedD.allunitsareproducedonthesite4.Theusualfixedlengthinthemodularsystemis_______.A.twentycentimetersB.tenmillimetersC.fiftycentimetersD.tencentimeters5.Whatliftstheconcretepanelsontothebuilding?A.Cranes.B.Man-power.C.Pulleys.D.Hydraulicjacks.答案1.A2.C3.B4.D5.AEtiquette(禮儀)Theoriginsofetiquette—theconventionalrulesofbehaviorandceremoniesobservedinpolitesociety—arecomplex.Oneofthemisrespectforauthority.Fromthemostprimitivetimes,subjects(臣民)showedrespectfortheirrulerbybowing,prostratingthemselvesontheground,notspeakinguntilspokento,andneverturningtheirbackstothethrone.Somerulersdevelopedrulestostressevenfurthertherespectduetothem.TheemperorsofByzantiumexpectedtheirsubjectstokisstheirfeet.Whenanambassadorfromabroadwasintroduced,hehadtotouchthegroundbeforethethronewithhisforehead.Meanwhilethethroneitselfwasraisedintheairsothat,onlookingup,theambassadorsawtherulerfarabovehim,haughtyandremote.Absoluterulershave,asarule,madeetiquettemorecomplicatedratherthansimpler.Thepurposeisnotonlytomaketherulerseemalmostgodlike,butalsotoprotecthimfromfamiliarity,forwithoutsomesuchprotectionhislife,livedinevitablyinthepubliceye,wouldbeintolerable.ThecourtofLouisXIVofFranceprovidedanexcellentexampleofaveryhighlydevelopedsystemofetiquette.BecausethekingandhisfamilywereconsideredtobelongtoFrance,theywerealmostcontinuallyonshowamongtheircourtiers(朝臣).Theywoke,prayed,washedanddressedbeforecrowdsofcourtiers.Evenlargecrowdswatchedthemeattheirmeals,andaccesstotheirpalacewasfreetoalltheirsubjects.Yetthispubliclifewasorganizedsocarefully,withsucharefinementofceremonial,thattheauthorityoftheKingandtherespectinwhichhewasheldgrewsteadilythroughouthislifetime.Acrowdwatchedhimdress,butonlytheDukewhowashisfirstvaletdechamber(貼身男仆)wasallowedtoholdouttherightsleeveofhisshirt,onlythePrincewhowashisGrandChamberlaincouldrelievehimofhisdressinggown,andonlytheMasteroftheWardrobemighthelphimpulluphistrousers.Thesewerenotfamiliarities,normerelyduties,buthighlydesiredprivileges.Napoleonrecognizedthevalueofceremonytoaruler.WhenhebecameEmperor,hediscardedtherevolutionarycustomofcallingeveryone"citizen",restoredmuchoftheCourtceremonialthattheRevolutionhaddestroyed,andrecalledmembersofthenobilitytoinstructhisnewcourtintheoldformalmanners.Rulesofetiquettemaypreventembarrassmentandevenseriousdisputes.Thegeneralruleofsocialprecedenceisthatpeopleofgreaterimportanceprecedethoseoflesserimportance.Beforetherulesofdiplomaticprecedencewereworkedoutintheearlysixteenthcentury,rivalambassadorsoftenfoughtforthemosthonourableseatingpositionataceremony.Beforetheprinciplewasestablishedthatambassadorsofvariouscountriesshouldsigntreatiesinorderofseniority,disputesaroseastowhoshouldsignfirst.Theestablishmentofrulesforsuchmatterspreventeduncertaintyanddisagreement,astorulesforlessimportantoccasions.Forexample,atanEnglishwedding,themotherofthebridegroomshouldsitinthefirstpeworbenchontheright-handsideofthechurch.Theresultisdignityandorder.Outsidepalacecircles,themainconcernofetiquettehasbeentomakeharmoniousthebehaviourofequals,butsometimessocialclasseshaveusedetiquetteasaweaponagainstintruders,refiningtheirmannersinordertomarkthemselvesofffromthelowerclasses.Insixteenth-centuryItalyandeighteenth-centuryFrance,decreasingprosperityandincreasingsocialunrestledtherulingfamiliestotrytopreservetheirsuperioritybywithdrawingfromthelowerandmiddleclassesbehindbarriersofetiquette.Inaprosperouscommunity,ontheotherhand,politesocietysoonabsorbsthenewlyrich,andinEnglandtherehasneverbeenanyshortageofbooksonetiquetteforteachingthemthemannersappropriatetotheirnewwayoflife.Everycodeofetiquettehascontainedthreeelements:basicmoralduties;practicalruleswhichpromoteefficiency;andartificial,optionalgracessuchasformalcomplimentsto,say,womenontheirbeautyorsuperiorsontheirgenerosityandimportance.Inthefirstcategoryareconsiderationfortheweakandrespectforage.AmongtheancientEgyptianstheyoungalwaysstoodinthepresenceofolderpeople.AmongtheMponguweofTanzania,theyoungmenbowastheypassthehutsoftheelders.InEngland,untilaboutacenturyago,youngchildrendidnotsitintheirparents'presencewithoutaskingpermission.Practicalrulesarehelpfulinsuchordinaryoccurrencesofsociallifeasmakingproperintroductionsatpartiesorotherfunctionssothatpeoplecanbebroughttoknoweachother.Beforetheinventionofthefork,etiquettedirectedthatthefingersshouldbekeptascleanaspossible;beforethehandkerchiefcameintocommonuse,etiquettesuggestedthat,afterspitting,apersonshouldrubthespitinconspicuously(難以察覺旳)underfoot.Extremelyrefinedbehavior,however,cultivatedasanartofgraciousliving,hasbeencharacteristiconlyofsocietieswithwealthandleisure,whichadmittedwomenasthesocialequalsofmen.AfterthefallofRome,thefirstEuropeansocietytoregulatebehaviorinprivatelifeinaccordancewithacomplicatedcodeofetiquettewastwelfth-centuryProvence,inFrance.Provencehadbecomewealthy.Thelordshadreturnedtotheircastlesfromthecrusades(十字軍東征),andtheretheidealsofchivalry(武士制度)grewup,whichemphasizedthevirtueandgentlenessofwomenanddemandedthataknight(騎士)shouldprofessapureanddedicatedlovetoaladywhowouldbehisinspiration,andtowhomhewoulddedicatehisbravedeeds,thoughhewouldnevercomephysicallyclosetoher.Thiswastheintroductionoftheconceptofromanticlove,whichwastoinfluenceliteratureformanyhundredsofyearsandwhichstilllivesoninabelittledforminsimplepopularsongsandcheapnovelstoday.InRenaissanceItalytoo,inthefourteenthandfifteenthcenturies,awealthyandleisuredsocietydevelopedanextremelycomplexcodeofmanners,buttherulesofbehavioroffashionablesocietyhadlittleinfluenceonthedailylifeofthelowerclasses.Indeedmanyoftherules,suchashowtoenterabanquetroom,orhowtouseaswordorhandkerchiefforceremonialpurposes,wereirrelevanttothewayoflifeoftheaverageworkingman,whospentmostofhislifeoutdoorsorinhisownpoorhutandmostprobablydidnothaveahandkerchief,certainlynotasword,tohisname.Yettheessentialbasisofallgoodmannersdoesnotvary.Considerationfortheoldandweakandtheavoidanceofharmingorgivingunnecessaryoffencetoothersisafeatureofallsocietieseverywhereandatalllevelsfromthehighesttothelowest.Youcaneasilythinkofdozensofexamplesofcustomsandhabitsinyourowndailylifewhichcomeunderthisheading.1.Etiquettesimplyservesthepurposeofshowingrespectforauthority.2.LouisXIVofFrancemadeetiquetteverycomplicatedtoavoidfamiliarity.3.Peopleofallsocietiesandsocialranksobservethegoodmannersofconsiderationfortheweakandrespectforage.4.NapoleondiscardedaristocraticprivilegeswhenhebecameEmperorofFrance.5.Etiquettehasbeenusedtodistinguishpeoplefromdifferentclasses.6.InEurope,thenewlyrichhaveaddednewingredientstoetiquettewhiletheyarelearningtobehaveappropriatelyforanewwayoflife.7.Afterthesixteenthcentury,fightsbetweenambassadorsoverprecedencewereacommonoccurrence.8.Extremelyrefinedbehaviourhad______onthelifeoftheworkingclass.9.Basicmoraldutiesareoneofthe_______ofeverycodeofetiquette.10.Accordingtothepassage,theconceptofromanticlovewasintroducedin_______.答案I.N2.Y3.Y4.N5.Y6.NG7.N8.littleinfluence9.threeelements10.twelfth-centuryProvence,FranceTheeconomyoftheUnitedStatesafter1952wastheeconomyofawell-fed,almostfullyemployedpeople.Despite__1__alarms,thecountryescapedanypostwardepressionandlivedina__2__ofboom.Aneconomicsurveyoftheyear1955,atypicalyearofthe1950's,maybetypicalas__3__therapideconomicgrowthofthedecade.Thenationaloutputwas__4__at10percentabovethatof1954(1955outputwasestimatedat392billiondollars).Theproductionofmanufactureswasabout40percentmorethanithad__5__intheyearsimmediatelyfollowingWorldWarI.Thecountry'sbusinessspentabout30billiondollarsfornewfactoriesandmachinery.Nationalincome__6__forspendingwasalmostathirdgreaterthanithadbeenin1950.Consumersspentabout256billiondollars;thatisabout700milliondollarsaday,orabouttwenty-fivemilliondollarseveryhour,allroundthe__7__.Sixty-fivemillionpeopleheldjobsandonlyalittlemorethantwomillionwantedjobsbutcouldnotfindthem.Onlyagriculture__8__thatitwasnotsharingintheboom.Tosomeobserversthiswasasadreflectionofthemid-1920's.Asfarmers'shareoftheirproducts__9__,marketingcostsrose.Buttherewere,amongtheobserversofthenationaleconomy,afewwhowerenotasconfidentasthemajority.Thosefewseemedtofearthattheboomcouldnotlastlongandwould__10__leadtotheopposite—depression.A.eventuallyB.averagedC.graduallyD.stateE.valuedF.formG.declinedH.occasionalI.casualJ.arguedK.descendedL.complainedM.clockN.availableO.illustrating答案I.H2.D3.O4.E5.B6.N7.M8.L9.G10.AHopeisHealthyYouareabouttogotothehospitalforaroutinesurgicalprocedure.Whichattitudeishealthier?A."I'dbetterfindouteverythingIcanaboutthisoperation—youcanneverknowtoomuch."B."Don'ttellmethedetails.It'sgoingtobefine."AnswerBissupposedtobethewrongone.It'sanexampleofwhatpsychologistscall"denial,"adefencemechanismthatminimizesuncomfortableinformation.Denial,theyhaveargued,isstupid,self-defeatingandultimatelydangerous.ButresearchisshowingthatanswerBisafasterroutetorecovery.Denial—ofacertainsortandatcertaintimes—canbehealthy.Ofcourse,youdoneedtopayattentiontosomeunpleasantfacts.Thetrickistoknowwhenit'shelpfultoworryandwhenit'scounterproductive.Out-and-outdenialmaybethebestapproachtosurgery,accordingtoRichardS.Lazarus,professorofpsychologyattheUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeley.WithF