第五講虛擬語(yǔ)氣

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第五講虛擬語(yǔ)氣

錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句

一、什么叫錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句所謂錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句即條件從句與主句所指時(shí)間不一致，如從句指過(guò)去，而主句即指的是現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)，此時(shí)應(yīng)根據(jù)具體的語(yǔ)境情況，結(jié)合上面提到的三種基本類型對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整：Ifithadrainedlastnight,thegroundwouldbewetnow.

要是昨晚下過(guò)雨的話，現(xiàn)在地面就會(huì)是濕的。Youwouldbemuchbetternowifyouhadtakenmyadvice.

假若你當(dāng)時(shí)聽(tīng)我的話，你現(xiàn)在就會(huì)好多了。

二、一點(diǎn)特別說(shuō)明條件從句用

ifIwere…時(shí)，既可指現(xiàn)在也可指過(guò)去：IfIwereyou,Iwouldstay.

我要是你我就會(huì)留下。IfIwereyou,I’dgotonightschool.

我要是你，我會(huì)上夜校。IfIwerenotbusy,Iwouldhavecome.

假若我不忙，我早就來(lái)了。也可用

ifIhadbeenyou也表示過(guò)去：IfIhadbeenyou，I’dhavetakenthejob.

我要是你，我就接受那份工作了。dis-:不，消失掉disable

使殘廢;使失去能力;喪失能力disappear

不見(jiàn),消失disappoint

失望;(希望等)破滅,挫敗(計(jì)劃等)disclose

揭示,泄露discount

折扣；

打折扣;不重視discourage

使泄氣,使失去信心discover

發(fā)現(xiàn),顯示discrepancy 相差;差異;矛盾;disease

疾病disgrace(優(yōu)雅,恩惠)失寵,恥辱使失寵;玷辱,使蒙羞disguise(外觀)

假裝,偽裝disgust 厭惡,惡心使厭惡dislike

不喜歡,厭惡dismay(使)沮喪;(使)驚慌;(使)失望,(使)絕望dismiss 免職,解雇,開(kāi)除,解散disorder

混亂,雜亂;騷亂;失調(diào),疾病displace

移置,轉(zhuǎn)移;取代,置換disposal 處理,處置;布置,安排dispose(放) (of)處理,處置;(for)布置,安排(pose,compose,expose,impose…)dispute(思考)爭(zhēng)論,爭(zhēng)執(zhí)爭(zhēng)論;反駁;懷疑;阻止disregard(注意,尊重)不理會(huì);忽視;漠視忽視;漠視dis-:分開(kāi)，分離discard

丟棄，拋棄，遺棄discern(搞清,區(qū)別)

認(rèn)出,發(fā)現(xiàn);辨別,識(shí)別discriminate(定罪,責(zé)備)

區(qū)別,辨別;(against)有差別地對(duì)待,歧視disrupt(斷裂)

使混亂，使崩潰，使分裂，使瓦解dissipate 驅(qū)散;(使云、霧、疑慮等)消散;揮霍dissolve(松開(kāi)) (使)溶解,(使)融化;解散,取消distant(站,立)

遠(yuǎn)的;遙遠(yuǎn)的;疏遠(yuǎn)的;不親近的distill(小水滴)蒸餾，用蒸餾法提取；吸取，提煉distinct(刺，刺激)

清楚的,明顯的;(from)截然不同的distinction 區(qū)別,差別;級(jí)別;特性;聲望;顯赫distinguish(刺，刺激) (from)區(qū)別,辨別;辨認(rèn)出;使杰出distract(拉,拖)

分散;使分心;打擾;使心情煩亂distribute(給予)分發(fā);分配;分布;(over)散布disturb(攪動(dòng))

擾亂,妨礙,使不安disturbance 動(dòng)亂,騷亂,干擾

de-:去掉，變壞，離開(kāi)，變慢，向下depress

壓抑,降低;使沮喪,壓下compress

壓緊，壓縮；(把思想、文字等)濃縮Impress(on)印,蓋印;留下印象,引人注目oppress

壓迫,壓制repression 壓抑，壓制，鎮(zhèn)壓suppress

鎮(zhèn)壓,壓制;抑制,忍住;查禁decay 腐朽,腐爛;衰減,衰退destruction(建立)

毀壞，毀滅decline(傾斜,斜坡)

下降,衰落;拒絕下降;斜面,傾斜,衰落incline (使)傾斜;(使)傾向于斜坡,斜面recline

使斜靠

decode

解碼decolor

使脫色decompose

分解，(使)腐爛defat

使脫脂deforest

濫伐森林，砍掉…上的樹(shù)林dethrone廢黜devalue貶值，(使)降低價(jià)值penal['pinl]adj.刑事的；刑罰的penalty

['p?n?lti]

n.罰款，罰金；處罰penalize

['pin?la?z]

vt.處罰；處刑；使不利penalization

['pen?lai,zei?n]

n.懲罰；處罰mis-:錯(cuò)誤，壞mischief

損害,傷害,危害;惡作劇,胡鬧;災(zāi)禍misfortune

不幸,災(zāi)禍,災(zāi)難mislead

把…帶錯(cuò)路,使誤入岐途mistake

錯(cuò)誤,過(guò)失弄錯(cuò);(for)把…誤認(rèn)為misunderstand

誤解,誤會(huì)

misbehaviour

不正當(dāng)?shù)呐e止，不規(guī)矩的行為misbelief

錯(cuò)誤的信仰，信仰邪教misconception

誤解miscount

數(shù)錯(cuò)，算錯(cuò)misdeed=misdoing

罪行，犯罪，做壞事misplay

失誤mistreat

虐待mistrust

不信任misuse

誤用，濫用miser-可憐的miserable 痛苦的,悲慘的misery 痛苦,悲慘,不幸miss-送，放出missile 導(dǎo)彈,發(fā)射物mission 使命,任務(wù);使團(tuán),代表團(tuán)missionary教會(huì)的，傳教(士)的傳教士

inter-:在…之間；相互；內(nèi)interact

互相作用,互相影響,互動(dòng),交往intercourse

交流,交往,交際,性交interface

接合部位，分界面(使)互相聯(lián)系interfere(伴侶，配偶)

(in)干涉,干預(yù);(with)妨礙,打擾interference (in)干涉,干預(yù);(with)妨礙,打擾Intermediate(調(diào)解，居中)

中間的,居間的;中級(jí)的中間體,媒介物interior 內(nèi)部的,里面的內(nèi)部,內(nèi)地internal 內(nèi)部的,內(nèi)的;國(guó)內(nèi)的,內(nèi)政的intermittent 間歇的,斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的international

國(guó)際的,世界(性)的,跨國(guó)的internet

[the～]國(guó)際互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，因特網(wǎng)interpret 解釋,說(shuō)明;口譯interrupt 中斷,遮斷,阻礙;打斷(話),打擾intersection(部分，地區(qū))

相交，交叉；道路交叉口，十字路口interval 間隔,間歇;(幕間或工間)休息intervene (in)干涉,干預(yù);插入,介入interview 接見(jiàn),會(huì)見(jiàn);采訪;面試gross

1.ADJ

Youuse

gross

todescribesomethingunacceptableorunpleasanttoaverygreatamount,degree,orintensity.顯而易見(jiàn)的，惡劣的，嚴(yán)重的例：Thecompanywasguiltyofgrossnegligence.該公司犯了重大的失職罪。2.ADJ

粗俗的;不雅的；肥胖臃腫的3.ADJ

(尤指錢或重量)總的;毛的例：...afixedrateaccountguaranteeing10.4%grossinterestor7.8%netuntilOctober.…一個(gè)能保證到10月份為止獲得10.4%毛利或7.8%凈利的固定利率賬戶。4.N.總額，總數(shù)

5.VT.總共收入

mono-:單個(gè)，一個(gè)monarch

帝王，君主，最高統(tǒng)治者

monotonous單調(diào)的,無(wú)變化的monopoly 壟斷,專賣,專利權(quán),專利事業(yè)

monocycle獨(dú)輪腳踏車monodrama獨(dú)角戲monolog/monologue獨(dú)白,滔滔不絕(貶)sol-:單獨(dú)sole 單獨(dú)的,唯一的腳墊,鞋底solitary 獨(dú)自的；偏僻的；單一的，唯一的solo 獨(dú)奏單獨(dú)的(地)；獨(dú)唱的(地)desolate 荒涼的;孤獨(dú)的使荒蕪

solitude孤獨(dú)，單獨(dú)，孤寂un-/uni-:單一，一個(gè)uniform 制服,軍服相同的,一律的unify 使聯(lián)合,統(tǒng)一;使相同,使一致union 聯(lián)合,團(tuán)結(jié);聯(lián)盟,聯(lián)邦;協(xié)會(huì),社團(tuán);和諧unique 唯一的,獨(dú)一無(wú)二的unit 單位,單元;部件,元件;機(jī)組,裝置unite 聯(lián)合,團(tuán)結(jié);統(tǒng)一,合并使聯(lián)合unity 團(tuán)結(jié);統(tǒng)一,一致,整體universal 普遍的,全體的,通用的;宇宙的,世界的universe 宇宙,萬(wàn)物university (綜合)大學(xué)unicorn獨(dú)角獸unidirectional單向的unisex男女皆宜的unisexual單性的，雌雄異體的

semi-:半semiannual

半年一次的，一年兩次的semiautomatic

半自動(dòng)的semicircle

半圓形semiconductor

半導(dǎo)體semifinal

半決賽semiskilled

半熟練的

hemi-:半hemisphere

半球sphere 球,球體;范圍,領(lǐng)域

hemisect

對(duì)半切開(kāi)bi-/di-:兩個(gè)，雙bicycle (bike)自行車騎自行車bisect分成兩部分，對(duì)分bisexual兩性的，雌雄同體的biweekly雙周刊bicolor兩色的，雙色的dilemma (進(jìn)退兩難的)窘境,困境

du-/dub-/doub-:二，雙double兩倍dual雙重的，雙的duel決斗，斗爭(zhēng)duet二重奏duo二重唱duplicate 復(fù)制品復(fù)寫,使加倍復(fù)制的,二重的

twi-:二，兩twice 兩次,兩倍twin 雙的,成對(duì)的,孿生的孿生子,雙生子

tri-:三triangle 三角(形)triple 三倍數(shù)三倍的;三部分構(gòu)成的使成三倍tricolor三色的tricycle/trishaw三輪(腳踏)車trilogy三部曲trio三重唱/奏tripod三腳架trisection分成三部分/三截quardri-/quadru-/quart-:四quart 夸脫(四分之一加侖,1加侖=3.785升)quarter 四分之一;季;一刻鐘;(pl.)方向;(pl.)住處quarterly 每季的每季一次季刊quadruple四倍的，四重的，四部分組成的quarterfinal四分之一決賽quartet四重奏cent:一百cent 分(幣);百percent百分之centigrade 攝氏溫度計(jì)(的);百分度(的)(℃)centimetre/-meter厘米century 世紀(jì),(一)百年centigram/-gramme厘克centuple百倍的percentage百分比，比率，可能性milli-:千，千分之一millimeter/-metre毫米milligram/-gramme毫克milliliter/-litre毫升millisecond毫秒millennium千禧年，一千年

kilo-:一千kilo(kilogram/-gramme)千克kilometre /-meter公里，千米(略作km)

di-:使…變成，分開(kāi)，離開(kāi)digest 消化；領(lǐng)會(huì)，融會(huì)貫通文摘，摘要dilute 稀釋，沖淡稀釋的，沖淡的diminish 縮小,減少,遞減diverse(轉(zhuǎn))

多種多樣的,(from)不同的diversion 轉(zhuǎn)向,轉(zhuǎn)移;牽制;解悶;娛樂(lè)divert(轉(zhuǎn))

使轉(zhuǎn)向，使改道；轉(zhuǎn)移(注意力)；使娛樂(lè)divide(分開(kāi))

分,劃分,分開(kāi);分配;(by)除dividend 紅利，股息；回報(bào)，效益；被除數(shù)division(分開(kāi))

分,分割;部門,科,處;除法;分界線divorce 離婚,分離Quiz11.IforgetwhereIreadthearticle,orI_________ittoyounow.A.willshowB.wouldshowC.amgoingtoshowD.amshowing2.“Itlooksasifheweredrunk.”“Soitdoes._________.”He’dbettergiveupdrinking

Heshouldn’thavedrunksomuchHealthismoreimportantthandrink

Iwonderwhyheisalwaysdoingso

3.“Hewillcometomorrow.”“ButI’dratherhe______thedayaftertomorrow.”

A.willcome

B.iscoming

C.came

D.hadcome4.“I’vetoldhimaboutit.”“ButI’dratheryou____.”

A.didn’tB.hadn’tC.don’tD.wouldn’t

5.Allthedoctorsinthehospitalinsistedthathe____badlywoundedandthathe____atonce.

A.shouldbe;beoperatedon

B.were;mustbeoperatedon

C.was;shouldbeoperated

D.was;beoperatedon

6._____smoking,hewouldnothavegotcancerinthelung.

A.Washegivenup

B.Hadhegivenup

C.Didhegive

D.Ifhegaveup7.Were

it

not

for

the

snowy

weather,

we

__

all

right.A.

would

be

B.

would

have

beenC.

were

D.

may

be8.It

is

hard

for

me

to

imagine

what

I

would

be

doingtoday

if

I

___

in

love,

at

the

age

ofseven,

with

the

Melinda

Cox

Library

in

my

hometown.A.

wouldn’t

have

fallen

B.

had

not

fallenC.

should

fall

D.

were

to

fall9.He

hesitated

for

a

moment

before

kicking

the

ball,

otherwise

he

____

a

goal.A.

had

scored

B.

scoredC.

would

score

D.

would

have

scored10.LookattheterriblesituationIamin!IfonlyI____youradvice.

A.followB.wouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.havefollowed11.____theEnglishexamination,IwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastSunday

A.InspiteofB.ButforC.BecauseofD.Asfor

12.HadPaulreceivedsixmorevotesinthelastelection,he______ourchairmannow.

A.musthavebeenB.wouldhavebeenC.wereD.wouldbe13.______Iyou,Iwouldgowithhimtotheparty.

A.WasB.HadbeenC.WillbeD.Were14.Ifhe_____metomorrow,Iwouldlethimknow.

A.shouldcallB.shouldnothavebeenable

C.werenotableD.arenotable15._____today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.

A.WouldheleaveB.WasheleavingC.WerehetoleaveD.Ifheleaves

16.Iwouldhavegonetovisithiminthehospitalhaditbeenatallpossible,butI____fullyoccupiedthewholeoflastweek.

A.wereB.hadbeenC.havebeenD.was

17.“Iwishyou____metoputthesethingsaway,”hesaid.A.willhelpB.helpedC.arehelpingD.wouldhelp18.Mostinsuranceagentswouldratheryou____anythingaboutcollectingclaimsuntiltheyinvestigatethesituation.A.doB.don’tdoC.didn’tD.didn’tdo

19.ItisimportantthattheTOEFLoffice____yourregistration.A.willconfirmB.confirmC.confirmsD.mustconfirm20.Hetoldhertoreturnthebookintimesothatothers____achancetoreadit.

A.mayhaveB.willhaveC.wouldhaveD.mighthaveQuiz21.____morecareful,hisshipwouldnothavesunk.A.IfthecaptainwereB.HadthecaptainbeenC.ShouldthecaptainbeD.Ifthecaptainwouldhavebeen2.Thereisarealpossibilitythattheseanimalscouldbefrightened,____asuddenloudnoise.beingthereB.shouldtherebeC.therewasD.therehavingbeen3.Theboarddeemediturgentthatthesefiles_____rightaway.A.hadtobeprintedB.shouldhavebeenprintedC.mustbeprintedD.shouldbeprinted4.IapologizeifI_____you,butIassureyouitwasunintentional.offendB.hadoffendedC.shouldhaveoffendedD.mighthaveoffended5.IwishthatI______withyoulastnight.A.wentB.havegoneC.couldgoD.couldhavegone6.HespeaksChineseasfluentlyasifhe____aChinese.A.wereB.hadbeenC.isD.hasbeen7.Asusual,heputonashowasthoughhistrip____agreatsuccess.A.hadbeenB.hasbeenC.wereD.was8.Althoughmostadoptedpersonswanttherighttoknowwhotheirnaturalparentsare,somewhohavefoundthemwishthatthey____theexperienceofmeeting.A.hadn’tB.didn’thavehadC.hadn’thadD.hadn’thave9.Itistimethatthegovernment____measurestoprotecttherarebirdsandanimals.A.takesB.tookC.hastakenD.taking10.Hewasverybusyyesterday,otherwisehe____tothemeeting.A.wouldcomeB.cameC.wouldhavecomeD.hadcome11.Imustsayhereadsverywell,andIshouldn’tbesurprisedifhe____act