修改存檔電氣工程及其自動化

摘 第一部分設計說明 第一章主變壓器的選 概 臺數(shù)的選 容量的選 形式的選 相數(shù)的確 繞組數(shù)和結構的確 繞組接線組別的確 調(diào)壓方 冷卻方 變電站主變選擇結 第二章電氣主接線的選 電氣主接線設 電氣主接線的基本要 電氣主接線的選擇原 電氣主接線的設計方 初期主接線方案設 技術經(jīng)濟比較及確定方 第三章短路計 短路的類 短路計算的目 短路計算的步 三相短路電流計 不對稱短路電流計 短路計算結 第四章導體與電氣設備的選 電氣設備選擇的一般條 按正常工作條件選擇電氣設 按短路狀態(tài)校驗設 不同設備的選擇與校 斷路 開 母 絕緣子和穿墻套 電流互感 電壓互感 熔斷 避雷 第五章繼電保護裝置規(guī)劃設 主變壓器的保 變壓器繼電保護規(guī) 瓦斯保 縱差動保 復合電壓起動的過電流保 零序電流保 過負荷保 第六章配電裝 配電裝置的要求和設計原 基本要 設計原 分類及布置特 選 220kV高壓配電裝 110kV高壓配電裝 10kV高壓配電裝 第二部分設計計算 第七章短路電流計 參數(shù)的計 短路計 三相短路短路計 單相短路接地短路計 兩相短路短路計 兩相短路接地短路計 第八章導體與電氣設備的選 斷路 220kV側斷路 110kV側斷路 10kV側斷路 開 220kV側開 110kV側開 10kV側開 中性點開 母 220kV側母 110kV側母 10kV側母 絕緣 220kV側絕緣 110kV側絕緣 10kV側絕緣子和穿墻套 電流互感 220kV側電流互感 110kV側電流互感 17018降壓變電站(220/110/10kV)電氣部分初步220kV：主接線；短路計算；設備的選擇與校驗；繼電保PreliminaryDesignofElectricPart(220/110/10kV)of17018Step-downSubstationThroughtheuniversityfouryearsofstudy,undertheguidanceoftheteacher,thepoweroftheunderstandingofthemoreprofound,andmoreunderstandingofthepowersystemoftechnicalandcomplexity,andsubstationisthepowersysteminthetoppriority,itCanbeconvertedtoelectricity,transmission,distributionandprotection,isthepowersenttotheuserandthefactoryhub.Substationisalsothefocusofourprofessionalstudy.Thisdesignisforthe220kVstep-downsubstationelectricalpartofthedesign,whichincludestheprofessionaltolearnalltheprofessionalknowledge,butalsoontheprofessionalknowledgeofacomprehensiveapplication.Forthisdesign,themaincontentsinclude:accordingtotheoriginalinformationgiveninthetaskbooktoselectthemaintransformermodel;selecttwoormoremainwiringprogram,economicandtechnologicalcomparison,tochoosemoreeconomicalSuitableandreliablemainwiringscheme;accordingtothemainwiringtodrawtheequivalentcircuitdiagram,selectareasonableshort-circuitpoint,itsequivalentnetworksimplification,andthentheshort-circuitpointsymmetry,asymmetricshort-circuitcalculation;basedonthecalculatedThenormalworkingconditiontoareasonablechoiceofthedesignofthesubstationselectedbusandelectricalequipment,andinthecaseofthree-phaseshortcircuit,theselectedbusandequipmenttoverify;andthenthedesignofthesubstationreasonableRelayprotectionplanning;thedesignofthetoppriorityliesinthesymmetryandasymmetricshort-circuitcalculationandtheselectionofvarioustypesofelectricalequipmentandcalibration.:mainwiring;shortcircuitcalculation;equipmentselectionand第一章可承擔70的負荷，提高變電站所供電能的質(zhì)量以及供電的可靠性。S(0.6~0.7)Smax n

(1-SN=124.600MVA150MVA的主變。相數(shù)的確容量為300MW及300MW以下機組單元接線的變壓器和330kV及330kV以下的電繞組數(shù)和結構的確級，經(jīng)過運行、操作以及占地面積等多方面的考慮，選用三繞組變壓器繞組接線組別的確YD調(diào)壓冷卻變電站主變選擇結SFPSZ7-150000\220表1- 變壓器型號參數(shù)(U（kV（kW低壓）表1- 變壓器型號參數(shù)阻抗電壓（：S-三相所選變壓器型號：S9-表1- 所用變壓器型號參(U（kV（kW10第二章電氣主接線的基本電氣主接線的選擇初期主接線方案設220kV經(jīng)查閱《200-500kV變電所設計規(guī)程》規(guī)定，220kV配電裝置出現(xiàn)在四回路及以上 110kV對于110kV側接線方式，出線為四回，可采母線接線，調(diào)度靈活，運行可靠性10kV技術經(jīng)濟比較及確定方表2- 技術經(jīng)濟比U2-第三章三相短路電流計采用運算曲，其步驟如下不對稱短路電流計SB100MVA,UBUav（SS1900MVA表3- 對稱短路計算結I（（（kVI0I2I4220K11010kV母SS1250MVA表3- 不對稱短路計算結220kV(I0s110kV(I2s10kV(I4s（0兩相短路電流（（第四章導體與電氣設備的選擇按正常工作條件選擇電氣SUNUNS

(4-式中UN、UNSINI

(4-IN是在額定溫度0IN按短路狀態(tài)校驗設 I2t

(4-t式中I2tkA2stKQkA2sKimax

(4-式中ishimaxkA斷路SUNUN，INS

(4-S式中UN、UNSINImaxINbrIK

(4-式中INbrIKKI2tK

，ies

(4-式中QKIt、tishies220kV表4- 計算數(shù)UN(kVIg(AI(((kA2sLW1-表4- 技術參UN(kVIN(AI((It(It(kA2s(msLW1-110kV表4- 計算數(shù)UN(kVIg(AI(((kA2sLW-表4- 技術參UN(kVIN(AI((It(It(kA2s(msLW-10kV表4- 計算數(shù)UN(kVIg(AI(((kA2sZN4-表4- 技術參UN(kVIN(AI((It(It(kA2s(msZN4-所用變壓器和線斷路器表4- 計算數(shù)UN(kVIg(AI(((kA2sZN22-表4- 技術參UN(kVIN(AI((It(It(kA2s(msZN22-表4- 計算數(shù)UN(kVIg(AI(((kA2sZN12-表4- 技術參UN(kVIN(AI((It(It(ms(kA2sZN12-開220kV側開關表4- 計算數(shù)UN(kVIg(A((kA2sGW4-表4- 技術參UN(kVIN(A(It(kA2sIt(GW4-110kV側開關表4- 計算數(shù)UN(kVIg(A((kA2sGW4-表4- 技術參UN(kVIN(A(It(kA2sIt(10kV側開關主變和母聯(lián)斷路器回路開關表4- 計算數(shù)UN(kVIg(A((kA2sGN2-表4- 技術參UN(kVIN(A(It(kA2sIt(GN2-所用變壓器和線開關表4- 計算數(shù)UN(kVIg(A((kA2sGN2-表4- 技術參UN(kVIN(A(It(kA2sIt(GN2-電纜線路開關表4- 計算數(shù)UN(kVIg(A((kA2sGN2-表4- 技術參UN(kVIN(A(It(kA2sIt(GN2-中性點開關：變壓器220kV和110kV表4- 技術參UN(kVIN(A(It(kA2sIt(GW13-表4- 技術參UN(kVIN(A(It(kA2sIt(GW13-母Tmax5000h長度在20m110kV及以上導體，導體的臨界電壓Ucr應比最高工作電壓Umax大?？刹恍栩灥淖钚w型號:220kV

LGJ300、110kV

LGJ 1CK1CKs

min

mm2，實際截面積S

220kV表4- 母線型號參S（mm2I70Ig(A（mm2LGJ-110kV軟母線及110kV母線：三相水平布表4- 母線型號參S（mm2I70Ig(A（mm2j(A/mm2LGJ-10kV表4-25 Ig(A（mm2j(A/mm2(m(m(m表4- 母線型導體尺寸hb(KS3152表4- 計算數(shù)Ig(A（mm2j(A/mm2(m(m(m表4- 母線型導體尺寸hb(KS3152表4- 計算數(shù)Ig(A（mm2j(A/mm2U表4- 電纜線技術參U（kVS(mm2（/（/（A2絕緣子和穿墻套

H1

(4- 式中H1―底部導體距導體水平中心線的距HFd220kV表4- 絕緣子型號參XP-110kV表4- 絕緣子型號參XP-710kV表4- 絕緣子型號及參U（kV（FdN)(NZL-NN①額定電壓 NNSINItkQI2tk

，F(xiàn)

1.7107L1L2

(4-

L2m)。表4- 主變與10kV母線間穿墻套管參型U(I(AL2(NI(kA)CB-UNQ(kA2SkFC(N電流互感一般按三相式來配置。對10kVSUNUN，I1NS

(4-I1NKI2tK

，ies

(4-表4- 電流互感器型號參U（kV比（ALCW-LB1-110（出線回路LB-LBJ-10（出線LDZJ1-10（電纜出線LDZJ1-LCWD-LCWD-電壓互感3100V供額定電壓100V的儀表3選型如下:表4- 電壓互感器型號參U（kV（VA(VA220（JCC-220/0.1/1線 JCC-110/0.1/ 110（母線JSJW-10/0.1/3U（kV（VAF220（TYD220/3-220/0.1/1線 熔斷S 熔斷器用來保護電壓互感器，一般選用RN2，RN4系列，電壓UNUN，限流式只能電網(wǎng)電壓，I一般為為0.5A，開斷電流I I"S 選型如下：10kV表4- 熔斷器型號參UN（kVIN（A（RN4-避雷避雷器是使設備避免受到線路或者內(nèi)部過電壓的表4- 避雷器型U（kVY10W5-Y10W5-FZ-表4- 中性點避雷器型U（kVJXB-JXB-第五章瓦斯10MVA250～300ml縱差動220kV2復合電壓起動的過電流保零序電流保110kV過負荷保第六章基本設計③設備不受外界①無配電裝置室，減少220kV高壓配電

220kV110kV高壓配電雙母線接線的110kV10kV高壓配電裝35kV屋內(nèi)兩層式所占面積小，巡檢方便，所以10kV第七章短路電流計算(SB=100MVA，UB=Uav主變壓器的容量為SN1SN2=150000kVASN3=75000阻抗電壓百分比為：UK(12=12.4，UK(13=22.8，UK23

%=12

K

%

K

%

K(

%]=12UKUK

%=12%=12

KK

%%

K(K(

%%

KK

%]=1×（12.4+8.4－22.8）=-2%]=127-

0.435

0.435

0.565

0.565

X10.4120

X10.460

X10.480

X10.44 X10.48

X

SB13.4100

XUK2SB1100=-0.007( NXUK

SB18.8100

7-

X1maxX20.023X10minX1minX20.0450.045 X6X 0.0910.121XX6

X

0.091 X8X 0.2420.726XX8

X

三相短路短路計SS=1900MVAX10max220kV，110kV，10kVf1f2220kVf17-XsfX10maxX

X

0.068190033f33f

0.799，

=3.811ft=2sf

0.845，

=4.03fft=4sff

0.845，

=4.033f3f

21.8If

21.83.811=9.701110kVf2

1(

X

)

7-10.0892XsfX13X

X

0.113190033f3f3f

0.478，

=4.560ft=2sf

0.484，

=4.617fft=4sff

0.484，

=4.6173fi3f

21.8If

21.84.560=11.60810kVf3

1(

X

)

7-1(0.0890.125)0.0682XsfX14X

X

0.1911900=3.629>3.45(If

33

=28.788ish

21.8If

21.828.788=73.282單相短路接地短路按系統(tǒng)最小方式容量下計算，容量為SN=1250MVA，X10min220kV側母線上7-X(1)X10min7-X(2)X10min7-X(0)3X

X1(0)X153X2X1min30.045 1X1X1X10.08910.125 X(0)X15//X160.18//0.107ZZ(2)Z(0)0.090.0677-XXsjs

X10minZ0.090.1570.247125033t=0s

f

=0.328，

f

=1.029kA，If

f

=3.087t=2s

f

=0.328，

f

=1.029kA，If

f

=3.087t=4s

f

=0.328，

f

33

=1.029kA，If

f

=3.08731103X

1(

X

7-)0.0910.0892X

1(

X

7-)0.0910.0892X

1(

X

7-)0.1810.0892ZZ(2)Z(0)0.1350.225

1(

X

)10.0892

7-XX

X10minX17Z0.090.0450.360.4951250任何TIf

33

=1.014kA，If

f

=3.04210kV側母線上X

1(

X

7-)0.0910.2142X

1(

X

7-)0.0910.2142X(0)=∞,Z=∞,If兩相短路短路計按系統(tǒng)最小方式容量下計算，容量為SS=1250MVA，X10min220kV3X(2)=0.09，Z=X(2)37-X

X10minZ0.090.09Xsjs

25033t=0s

f

=0.455，

f

=1.428kA，If

3If

=2.473t=2s

f

=0.459，

f

=1.440kA，If

3If

=2.494t=4s

f

=0.459，

f

33

=1.440kA，If

3If

=2.494333X(2)=0.135，Z=X(2)37-XX

X10minX17Z0.090.0450.1350.27125033t=0s

f

=0.299，

f

=1.876kA，If

33I3

=3.249t=2s

f

=0.299，

f

=1.876kA，If

3If

=3.249t=4s

f

=0.299，

f

=1.876kA，If

3If

=3.24931033Z=X(2)3

1(

X

)

7-1(0.0890.125)0.092XX

X18Z0.1970.1970.3941250任何TIf

33

=13.955kA，If

3If

=24.171兩相短路接地短路220kVX(2)=0.09，X(0)ZX(2)X

0.090.067X(2)X

X(2)X(2)X(X

3

0.090.067(0.090.067)27-XX

X10minZ0.090.0380.128125033t=0s

f

=0.642，

f

=2.014kA，If

f

=3.031t=2s

f

=0.664，

f

=2.083kA，If

f

=3.135t=4s

f

=0.664，

f

33

=2.083kA，If

f

=3.13533X(2)=0.135，X(0)ZX(2)X

0.1350.225X(2)X

X(2)X(2)X(X

3

0.1350.2257-XX

X10minX17Z0.090.0450.0840.219125033t=0s

33

=0.373，

f

=2.341kA，If

f

=3.549t=2s

f

=0.374，

f

=2.347kA，If

f

=3.558t=4s

f

=0.374，

f

=2.347kA，If

f

=3.5583103X(2)=0.197，X(0)ZX(2)X(0)X(2)XX(2)XX(2)X(X 3

1(

X

7-)1(0.0890.125)2XX

X10minX19Z0.090.1070.1970.3941250任何TIf

33

=13.955kA，If

f

=24.171第八章導體與電氣設備的選擇220kV側斷路電器溫度系數(shù)Kθ=390CK=1+(40-①額定電壓：UNUNS=220Ig

=413A

KIN

g

=413A，

IgK

=410.945表8- 斷路器型號參U（kVI（A（（4 It（（msLW1-tbrtbrtin0.050.06=0.11s〉0.1sIf=3.811kA，31.5kA>3.811kAInbrIf短路沖擊電流ish=9.701kAies短路熱穩(wěn)定計算時間tk0Q0

(I2

2 2

2)=64.391(kA)2tI2t31.524=3969(kA)2ttkQI2ttk110kV側斷

UNUNS=110Ig

=827A

KIN

g

=827A，

IgK

=822.886表8- 斷路器型號參U（kVI（A（（3sIt（（msLW-tbrtbrtin0.050.06s〉0.1sIf=4.560kA，31.5kA>4.56kAInbrIf短路沖擊電流ish=11.608kAies，滿足動穩(wěn)定短路熱穩(wěn)定計算時間tk0Q0

(I2

2 2

2)=85.092(kA)2tI2t5023=7500(kA)2ttkQI2ttk10kV側斷

UNUNS=1010kVP62.641.5=21.310.5Ig

=1385.641KIN

g

=1385.641A，

IgK

=1378.747初選斷路器型號為ZN4-10表8- 斷路器型號參U（kVI（A（（5 It（（sZN4-tbrtbrtin0.050.15=0.2s〉0.1sIf=28.788kA，105kA>28.788kAInbrIf短路沖擊電流ish=73.282kAies，滿足動穩(wěn)定短路熱穩(wěn)定計算時間tktKtKtI2t12025=72000(kA)2tQI2t 變電所所用變壓器回路和線路斷路器選擇（按回路最大工作電流選擇

UNUNS=1033Ig

=57.735310.5310.5P

=91.6KINIg

=91.6A，

IgK

=91.144ZN22-10表8- 斷路器型號參U（kVI（A（（4 It（（sZN22-tbrtbrtin0.050.065=0.115s〉0.1sIf=28.788kA，40kA>28.788kAInbrIf短路沖擊電流ish=73.282kAies，滿足動穩(wěn)定短路熱穩(wěn)定計算時間tktKtKtI2t4024=6400(kA)2ttkQI2ttk

UNUNS=10310.5310.5P

=158.848KIN

g

=158.848A，

IgK

=158.057ZN12-10表8- 斷路器型號參U（kVI（A（（3 It（（sZN12-tbrtbrtin0.050.065=0.115s〉0.1sIf=28.788kA，50kA>28.788kAInbrIf短路沖擊電流ish=73.282kAies，滿足動穩(wěn)定短路熱穩(wěn)定計算時間tktKtKtI2t5023=7500(kA)2ttkQI2ttk220kV側開電器溫度系數(shù)Kθ=390CK=1+(40-①額定電壓：UNUNS=220Ig

=413A

KIN

g

=413A，

IgK

=410.945表8- 開關型號參U（kVI（A（4 I（GW4-

ish=9.701kAies短路熱穩(wěn)定計算時間tk0Q0

(I2

2 2

2)=64.391(kA)2tI2t2024=1600(kA)2ttkQI2ttk110kV側開

UNUNS=110Ig

=827A

KINIg

=827A，

IgK

=822.886初 開關型號為GW4-110/1250(D)，具體參數(shù)如下表8- 開關型號參U（kVI（A（4 I（kA）GW4-短路沖擊電流ish=11.608kAies，滿足動穩(wěn)定短路熱穩(wěn)定計算時間tk0Q0

(I2

2 2

2)=85.092(kA)2tI2t31.524=3969(kA)2ttkQI2ttk10kV側開變壓器回路和母線聯(lián)絡斷路器回路開

UNUNS=1010kV

流 開關的最大長期工作電Ig

=1385.641310.5310.5

=1385.641A，

IgK

=1378.747初選開關型號為GN2-10，具體參數(shù)如下表8- 開關型號參U（kVI（A（4 I（GN2-短路沖擊電流ish=73.282kAies，滿足動穩(wěn)定短路熱穩(wěn)定計算時間tk tI2t5125=13005(kA)2tQI2t 所用變壓器回路和線路開

UNUNS=103所用變壓器回路流3Ig

=57.735線回路流 開關的最大長期工作電310.5310.5P

=91.6KIN

g

=91.6A，

IgK

=91.144初選開關型號為GN2-10，具體參數(shù)如下表8- 開關型號參U（kVI（A（5 I（GN2-短路沖擊電流ish=73.282kAies，滿足短路熱穩(wěn)定計算時間tktKtKIt2t4025=8000(kA)2tkQI2ttk電纜線路開關的選

UNUNS=10流 開關的最大長期工作電310.5310.5P

=158.848KIN

g

=158.848A，

IgK

=158.057初選開關型號為GN2-10，具體參數(shù)如下表8- 開關型號參U（kVI（A（5 I（GN2-短路沖擊電流ish=73.282kAies，滿足動穩(wěn)定短路熱穩(wěn)定計算時間tk tI2t4025=8000(kA)2ttkQI2ttk中性點開220kV側中性點開關校驗與220kV側相同表8- 開關型號參U（kVI（A（4 I（GW13-110kV側中性點開關校驗與110kV側相同表8- 開關型號參U（kVI（A（4 I（GW13-220kV型號初選K

alalal7070Ig

=0.413kA=413表8- 220kV側母線型號參S（mm2IN(A70LGJ-

NIg

=413A，

IgK

=449.402A，Ial

=825.262A400

min

1CKSmm21CKS

W

)(Igmax)232(7032)(

)2=41.517ffln245fK'=149，ln245fff

K=1，

(I2

2

2)=64.391(kA)2

2Smin

QKQK

=81.164SSmin110kV型號初選(注：110kV線選與110kV母線選擇相同 =5250h,查載流導體的經(jīng)濟電流密度曲線可得：J=1.04A

=0.827kA=827A，

Igmax827=795.192g

查母線載流量表，初選型號為LGJ-表8- 110kV側母線型號參S（mm2IN(A70LGJ-

Ig

IgK

=899.891A，Ial

=1289.357A800

1CK1CKS

min

mm2S

)(Igmax)232(7032)(

)2=47.633

fffK'=149，=2450C，=200fff

ln245200245

K=1，

(I2

2

2)=85.092(kA)2

2Smin

QKQK

=95.625S>Smin10kV側母1. =5250h,查載流導體的經(jīng)濟電流密度曲線可得：J=0.75A310.510kVP6310.5Ig

=1385.641ASIgmax1385.641=1847.521 表8- 10kV側母線型號參導體尺寸hb(KS3152

Ig

=1385.641A，

IgK

=1507.77A，Ial

=2896.688A1CK1CKS

min

mm2S

)(Igmax)232(7032)(1385.641)2=40.695

fffK'=149，=2450C，=200fff

lnln245

K=1.45，QI2t28.78824=3314.996(kA)2Smin

3314.996106QKQK

=698.976mm2，S125102=2500SSmin②校m2hbW20.1250.012700=6.75kg/J6

0.016

=3.255×10-6mNf=3.56，f1=160HzN N 71010

=2.02L=2.02mLmax,則a=0.35ish=73.282 1.731071i21.731071(73.282103)21=2654.439N/ a

Wph

3

0.013

=52.08×10-6mL2 fL2

1052.08106=11.46×106b

2bb

15 h

b

10 fb

shK12220.125(7011.46)

0.37=4967.483N/2h(al2h(alph

=0.543L

=2.76，3LL1.5=0.5m<

Lcrb4h/fb10030.0140.125/4967.483=0.71LbLbmaxLcr2.310.5 =5250h310.53UTNI3UTN

=91.6SIgmax91.6=122.133 表8- 10kV側母線型號參導體尺寸hb(KS3152

Ig

IgK

=99.673A，Ial

=2896.688A

min

1CK mm21CK

)(Igmax)232(7032)(1385.641)2=40.695

fffK'=149，=2450C，=200fff

lnln245

K=1.45，QI2t28.78824=3314.996(kA)2Smin

3314.996106QKQK

=698.976mm2，S125102S>Smin②校m2hbW20.1250.012700=6.75kg/J6

0.016

=3.255×10-6mNf=3.56，f1=160HzN N 71010

=2.02L=2.02mLmax,則a=0.35ish=73.282 1.731071i21.731071(73.282103)21=2654.439N/ a

Wph

3

0.013

=52.08×10-6L2 fL2

1052.08106=11.46×106bh

=0.08，2bbb

10

fb

shK12220.125(7011.46)

0.37=4967.483N/2h(al2h(alph

=0.543L

LL1.5=0.5m<

Lcrb4h/fb10030.0140.125/4967.483=0.71LbLbmaxLcr3.②35kVYJLV22額定電壓滿足UNUNS=10 =5250h,查載流導體的經(jīng)濟電流密度曲線可得：J=0.72A310.5310.5P

=158.848SIgmax158.848=220.622mm2>150mm22 表8- 所選電纜技術參U（）S(mm2R(/X(/（A29090溫度修正系數(shù)K =0.945，KKKK，9090 t3 =0.93，K4KKtK3K4

IalKIN0.809375=303.375A>158.848AU%173ImaxL(rcosxsin)173158.8484(0.170.90.0690.9)U

電纜的熱穩(wěn)定校驗與母線一樣，但其中KSSmin

(mm21KS 1KS 1(w4.2Qln1(K =0.93，Q=0.59J/(cm30C),=4.03×10-3,K=1.035, =3.10×10-6cm g =2000C，( /I)232 g

C

Smin

=465.813mm<480mm220kV側絕緣UNUNS=220kVXP7013110kV側絕緣UNUNS=110kVXP70710kV側絕緣子和穿墻套

UNUNS=10kVZL―10/16表8- 10kV側絕緣子型號參U（kV(（NFFmax 1.73107LC

21.73107

(73.282103)2=3981.658N

a

HHb'h18512125=259.5 F3981.658259.5=5585.082 5585.082N<0.6Fd=9600N35kV及以下不用進行熱穩(wěn)定的校驗，選擇母線型，根據(jù)UNUNS=10CB-10，表8- 主變與10kV母線間穿墻套管參型U（kVI（A(5 I（CB-短路熱穩(wěn)定計算時間tk=4s，tKtKtI2t3025=4500(kA)2ttkQI2ttk

1.73107LCa

21.73107(1.50.35)2(73.282103)2=2455.3562455.356N<0.6Fd=4500N220kV側電流互電器溫度系數(shù)Kθ=390CK=1+(40-①額定電壓選擇：UNUNS=220Ig

=413A

KIN

g

=413A，

IgK

=410.945表8- 220kV側電流互感器型號參U（kV（ALCW-0Q0

(I2

2 2

2)=64.391(kA)2(Kt )600.6)=1296(kA)SQK K短路沖擊電流ish=9.701

2IN1Kes

20.660=50.9122IN1Kesish110kV側電流互

UNUNS=110Ig

=827A

KIN

g

=827A，

IgK

=822.886初選型號為表8- 110kV側電流互感器型號參U（kV（ALB1-0Q0

(I2

2 2

2)==85.092(kA)2(Kt )52.50.8)=1764(kA)SQK K短路沖擊電流ish=11.608

2IN1Kes

20.8138=156.1292IN1Kesish

UNUNS=1103SIgmax3S

=220.443KIN

g

=220.443A，

IgK

=209.946初選型號為LB-110，表8- 110kV側電流互感器型號參UN（kV（ALB-0Q0

(I2

2 2

2)==85.092(kA)2(Kt

)2(750.2)2=225(kA)2SQKK短路沖擊電流ish=11.608

2IN1Kes

20.2180=50.9122IN1Kesish10kV側電流互感

UNUNS=10310.510kVP62.6310.5Ig

=1385.641KI

g

=1385.641A，

IgK

=1378.747初選型號為LBJ-10，表8- 10kV側電流互感器型號參U（kV（ALBJ- (Kt )501.5)=5625(kA)SQK K短路沖擊電流ish=73.282

2IN1Kes

21.590=190.9192IN1Kesish變電所所用變壓器回 線電流互感器選

UNUNS=10310.5310.5P

=91.6KIN

g

=91.6A，

IgK

=91.144LDZJ1-10，表8- 10kV側電流互感器型號參U（kV（ALDZJ1-tKtK(Kt )501.5)=5625(kA)SQK K短路沖擊電流ish=73.282

2IN1Kes

21.590=190.9192IN1Kesish

UNUNS=10310.5310.5P

=158.848KIN

g

=158.848A，

IgK

=158.057初選型號為LDZJ1-10，表8- 10kV側電流互感器型號參U（kV（ALDZJ1-tKtK(Kt )501.2)=3600(kA)SQK K短路沖擊電流ish=73.282

2IN1Kes

21.290=152.7352IN1Kesish中性點電流互220kV側中性點電流互感器選擇220kV側相同。表8- 220kV側電流互感器型號參U（kV（ALCWD-110kV側中性點電流互感器選擇110kV側相同。表8- 110kV側電流互感器型號參UN（kV（ALCWD-220kV側電壓互根據(jù)UNUNS=220kVJCC22203出線側選用 -0.0075電壓互感器3表8- 電壓互感器型號參U（kV(kV（VA(VA220（母線JCC2-U（kV（VAF220（出線TYD220/3-220/0.1/ 1110kV側電壓互根據(jù)UNUNS=110kVJCC2110的電壓互感器表8- 電壓互感器型號參U（kVkV量（VA）(VAJCC2-210kV側電壓互感根據(jù)UNUNS=10kVJSJW10的電壓互感器。表8- 電壓互感器型號參U（kVkV量（VA）(VAJSJW-10/0.1/32根據(jù)UNUNS=10kV，初選熔斷器型號為：RN4-10，具體參數(shù)如下：表8-31 10kV側熔斷器型號參數(shù)U（kVI（A（RN4-33I

=57.74kA>28.788kAIf配置220kV選擇表8- 避雷器型U（kVY10W5-Y10W5-FZ-表8- 中性點避雷器型U（kVJXB-JXB-第九章表9- 計算數(shù)（kV15000015000075000（A333Ddy算值（A339437536505140055000568213044123Ie2（A220kVIopK

fzaU0.1KnpKst）Ik

1.3(0.050.10.11.51)3811=1482IopKrelK

1.31682=886.6IopKrel

1.3682=886.6Iop=886.6

/nTA

3 =11.813

(AWIop.r

=5.0786Iop.r.b.

60=106①110kV I2.bI2.nb.1105.244.656=0.76

②10kV

I2.b

5.244.126=1.351①110kV |WphcWphpr||0.761

ph

Wcd

②10kV |WphcWphpr||1.351|

ph

Wcd

1.35 Krel(KerrUfph)

1.3(0.10.050.050.009)6=1.81zh

cd

2系統(tǒng)最小運行方式下，220kVKIk.minKII

后備保護整定計220kV

KrelI

N

682=962.823U2op0.06UNT0.06220=13.2Uop0.06UNT0.06220IKsenkmin

110kV

KrelI

N

1304=1840.941U2op0.06UNT0.06110=6.6Uop0.06UNT0.06110IKsenkmin

10kV

KrelI

N

U2op0.06UNT0.0610=0.6Uop0.06UNT0.0610IKsenkmin

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身體健康、萬事如意附錄一CoresaturationeffectsofgeomagneticinducedcurrentsinpowertransformersSaturationofthemagneticcoreoftransformersinapowersystemisanimportanteffectthatcanbeattributedtosolarGeomagneticInducedCurrents(GICs).Thissaturationcanconducetovoltage-controlproblems,generatingharmoniccurrents,andheatingofthetransformerinternalcomponents,leadingtogasrelayalarm/operationandpossibledamage.ThispaperpresentsanogphysicalreducedscalemodelofGICsinpowertransformers.Theinstrumentationemployedtocarryoutthisstudyconsistsofasingle-phasereducedscaletransformer,acontrollablecurrentsource,aresistiveloadandadataacquisitionsystem.Theworkestablishesnotonlythatitispossibletomodelthebehaviorofmagneticvariablesandtoextrapolatetheresultstolargefullsizepowertransformers,butalsoprovidesinsightintoGICsgenerationandtheireffectsonpowertransformers.Obtainedresultsarerelatedtothenon-linearbehaviorofGICsduetoasymmetricsaturationofthemagneticcoreinthepowertransformer,wherecomputationalmodelsimulationisnotabletogiveacceptable es.ResultsarediscussedforseveralGICsmagnitudes,whichincludevoltage,current,harmonicswaveforms,magneticcorepointofoperation,thebehaviorofthestrayflow,instantaneouspowerandcoreAllRights ?2016UniversidadNacionalAutónomadeMéxico,CentrodeCienciasAplicadasyDesarrolloológico.ThisisanopenaccessitemdistributedundertheCreativeCommonsCCLicenseBY-NC-ND4.0.:Geomagneticcurrents;Scalemodel;Asymmetricnon-linearGeomagneticInducedCurrents(GICs)arecurrentsrelatedtocurrentflowintheionospherethatinteractwithpowersystems.Thesecurrentsareassociatedwithsolarstormactivityandproducecurrentsinthepowergridthatflowthroughtrans-missionlines.Thesecurrentshaveaverylow-frequencyof0.01–0.001Hz(quasiDC)withaveragemagnitudesof10–15Aandpeaksofupto100Afor1–2min(Heindletal.,2011).Transformerswithstarconnectionsandgroundedneutralsthatarelinkedbylongtransmissionlines,asdepictedinFigure1,aresusceptibletoGICsproblemsduetotheinducedcurrentsthatflowthroughthetransmissionlineandtheneutralsthataregroundedtoclosetheSeveralundesirableeffects,producedbyGICsinelectricalpowergridsandtransformers,havebeenreported.Moreover,whentheDCmagneticfluxissuperimposedontheACflux,themagneticcoresinthetransformersareasymmetricallysaturated(Lahtinen&Elovaara,2002;Takasu,Oshi,Miyawaki,Saito,&Fujiwara,1994).ThereportedfailuresintransformersduetoGICsaremainlydielectricandnotaresultofoverheating.TheeffectsofGICsonthegridandthetransformersaresummarizedasfollow:effectsontheelectricgrid;ontheonesidewhenthereactiveloadsinthesystemarechanged,theprotectionsaremisalignedandtheinternalresonantfrequenciesofthetransformerchange.Thisprocessgeneratesvoltagesurgesthateventuallydegradetheinsulation.Ontheotherside,themagnetizationimpedancedecreases,andthemagnetizingcurrentandthelosseswithoutloadingincrease.Reactiveloadabsorptioncancauseinstabilityintheelectricgrid(Berge,Varma,&Marti,2011).Moreover,harmonicsarecontributedtothesystem,andevenharmonicsaregenerated.Effectsonthetransformersarerelatedtotherelativepermittivityofthemagneticcoreandthemagnetizationimpedancedecreasesignificantly(Bolduc,Gaudreau,&Dutil,2000;Price,2001).Themagneticcorelossesincreaseduetohysteresis,andeddycurrentsandthelossesinthewindingsduetotheJouleeffectincrease.Furthermore,theskineffectthatisassociatedwithharmonicsinthecurrentandinthemagneticfluxincreases.Heatincreasesinthefittingsduetotheeffectsofeddycurrentsthatareassociatedwithincreasingstrayfluxandwiththeappearanceofevenharmonics(Picher,Bolduc,Dutil,&Pham,1997;Walling&Khan,1991;Zhigangetal.,2010).Thefirstharmonicvibrationcomponentinthetransformerarisesduetomagnetostriction.ResidualmagnetismoccursinthecoreevenwhenGICsarenolongerpresentandtheInrushphenomenonoccursuntilthetransienthasdiedaway.Fig.1.SchematicdiagramoftheGICsflowintheelectricalpowergridtrans-missionTheseeffectsmakeitdifficulttodeterminetransformerdesignparametersthatconsidertheeffectsoftheGICsandadequaysupportthem.Thesimulationoftheseoperatingconditionswithareduced-scalefunctionalmodelprovidesusefulinformationregardingthenon-linearbehaviorofthetrans-former.Inarealpowertransformer,thesetestsareverydifficulttocarryout,duetothebigmagnitudesofthecurrentsandpowersinvolved.Thisproblemwasresolvedbyusingapproximatenumericalsolutions.However,onlyrealmeasurementsarecapableofvalidatingtheseresults.Currently,digitalsimulationtoolsdonotaccountfortime-dependentasymmetricsaturation,whichrequiresthedevelopmentofspecificmodelsforeachtypeoftransformer(Egorov,2007).Theapproachproposedinthisworkconsidersafabricatedsmallreduced-scaletransformer,anexperimentalsetupthatpermitsthesimulationofGICsandtheuseofinstrumentationformeasuringkeyvariables.Reduced-scalemodelandGICsThetransformermodelisspecifiedandscaledinordertosimulateGICseffectsoverrealtransformers.Thefocusinthisworkistosimulateonlythecorelosses,lossesinthewindingsproducedbyGICs,whicharethedominantsourcesofheatassociatedwiththecurrentsandmagneticfluxesharmoniccontent.Fig.2.MonophasictransformerGICsimulatorblockReduced-scaleTomanufacturetransformerscaledmustconsiderseveraldesignparameterssothattheirbehaviorisascloseaspossibletorealtransformers.Forexample,theoperatingpointofthemagneticcoreisdesiredtobeequaltotherealtransformers.Thesectionalareaofthemagneticcoreandwindingsmustbescaledbasedonthetransformer’spower.Highvoltagewindingswerenotconsideredsinceonlytheeffectsofthecurrentsinthetrans-formerareintendedtobeyzed.AsinglephaseofathreephasetransformerbankscaledmanufacturedtosimulateintheGICswasStructureoftheGICsThesimulatorconsistsofatransformerwithsingle-phasereducedscalewiththreelegs,acontrollablecurrentsource,aresistiveloadandtheelectronicinstrumentationdataacquisitionsystemformeasuringtheprimaryandsecondaryvoltagesandcurrents,DCcurrentinordertosimulateGICs,thedensitystraymagneticfluxoutsidethemagneticcoreandthetemperatureofthetransformercorefordifferentoperatingpoints.Figure2showsasimplifiedschematicdiagramofthesimulator.Thescaledsingle-phasetransformerwasdesignedtobefeedwithavoltageof120Vintheprimaryandthesecondary6.0Vandaloadcurrentinthesecondaryof100mAands-typeconstruction.Aresistiveloadof50,whichistheratedtrans-formerload,wasconsidered.TheobjectiveofthissimulatoristoevaluatetheeffectofGICswiththetransformeroperatingatitsratedload.Thereduced-scaletransformerisfeedbyavariacthatallowschangingthesupplyvoltagefrom0to120VAC.ThesourceofDCcurrent“IDC”thatsimulatestheGICs,allowsthecur-rentdtothesecondaryofthetransformertobeadjustedfrom0to250mADC,from0to250%ofth