大學(xué)英語聽力教程 Unit 2 Education

UnitTwoEducationLeadinDiscussthefollowingquestionswithyourpartnerandthenusethequestionsascluestomakeadialoguewithyourpartner.1.Howdoyoufeelwhenyoutakeanexam?2.Doyouthinkexamsexertimportantinfluenceoneducation?3.AnysuggestionsfortheimprovementoftheeducationsysteminChina?

Chineseeducationfocusesontheknowledgetoaccumulateandindoctrinate(instruct),onhowstudentsuseandmanagetheknowledgetheylearnedinschool,andonhowtounderstandtheknowledgesystemandstructure.

Americancaremoreabouthowstudentsuseknowledgeinsociety.Itletsstudentchallengetheknowledge,animadvert(criticize)ideas,andfocuson,exploitorcreateknowledge.

EducationForeigneducationisnotthepreparationforearningtheirliving,butforsurvival.“Thelearnededucation”hasthevalueofmoldingone’smind,onekindofvaluewhichhasnothingtodowiththeutilityortheoccupationconsideration.

TheChineseparentscareaboutthereputationineducatingthechild.Educatingthechildtobecomeausefulpersonistheirachievement,butifnot,theparentsfeelshameful.Theeducation'sgoalisforearningtheirliving,forhonor.

WhentheChinesechildgoestocollege,hiscomparisonismoreintense.IfhestudiesinQinghua,BeijingUniversity,orotherfamousuniversities,hisparentswilltakeaprideinhim;ifhehasnotbeenmatriculatedinafamousuniversity,hewillfeelsadandashamedoffacingrelatives.Aboveall,wecanknowChineseputtheirfacesinthefirstplace.

TheWesternchildrenchoosethecollegeaccordingtotheirownlikes,insteadoftaking“famousortopcollege”asthedecisionfactor.WhattheChina’straditionalculturegraspsislifeandmorals,sotheChinesevaluelifeandthehumanrelationsextremely.Therefore,theChineseteacherhaveregardedthemoralsasthehighestvalueorientationintheeducation.Especially,intheChinesemind,“thegoodchild”isachildwhoisobedientandsensibleatfirst,aimsatthecommunity,likedatfirstsight.Inthatcase,theguardiantrainsthechildtopracticethemoralculture,cultivatesmentalpoise,self-restraining,emphasizesreservation,andtheideaofsocialrank.ThemainconnotationofChineseschooleducationis“themercy,righteousness,theritual,thewisdom,thehonesty,loyalty,forgiveness”WesterncultureYet,whatthewesternculturegraspsisknowledge,theteachermainlyarousesthechild’sthecuriosityaboutandtheimaginationofnature.Asweallknowknowledgecreationcomesfromcuriosity.Soteachersbymakingstudentsinterestedinthenatureandfairystories,letthestudentshaveabroaderimaginationspace,soastohelptheknowledgecreation.Inaddition,theyregardthepsychologicaldevelopmentasthehighestdirection,sothecultivationofstudent’sinterestandthecreativityisthemainpointofWesternschooleducationTheChineseteachersthinkthevalueofeducationisstudyingforenteringahigherschool,theyonlyaskthechildtostudyattentively,withoutbotheringaboutotherthings.Sothechildren'sconsciousnessofall-rounddevelopmentisfaintandtheyhavenoopportunitytodevelopandenhancetheirqualitiesinmanyaspect.The

Chineseparentsplacetheirhopesonthechild,thesenseofresponsibilityforeducationisoverloaded.Theunsuitableextendingofguardianrole,thereplacementsofthechildtoarrangeeverythingindailylife,tostipulatethestudycontent.andtosettlethedevelopmentdirection.ResultsTherefore,thechildbecomesalldependentindividual,lacksindependentcharacter.Themeticulousconcern,helpstoformthehabitofrelyingonothers.Sowhenfacingthestorm,heisunabletodoanything.Beingunabletogetthehelp,hewillblameeveryoneandeverythingbuthimself.West

Thewesternparentspaygreatattentiontoraisingchildren'sindependentconsciousnesssincechildhood.Hesolvessomeproblemsallbyhimself.Theyleavethechildanopportunityofundergoingaprocessoftempering.

Letthechildlearnhowtomakealivingsincechildhood,havethestrongphysique,thequalityofbearinghardshipsandstandinghardwork,andgoodpsychologicalquality,thusmovestowardslifewithperfectcomposure.Suchindependentindividualitycausesthechildtopaygreatattentiontoindividualabilityandthestrugglewhenhemovestowardsthesociety.ChinaChinesetraditionalcultureemphasizes“reserve”,theChinesefamilyisnotgoodatexpressinglove,andtheemotionaleducationisveryweak.AndintheChinesefamily,suchcharactersas“no”,“cannot”,“won’tdo”,“donot”appearrepeatedly,theChinesecollectiveeducationisaccustomedtosayingtothechild“should”besidesusingthenegativetermtoinstructthechild'sbehavior.Thisisthemanifestationofguardianauthoritativecolouring.Suchrawandcoldorderphrasescausetheemotionaleducationtobeblocked.But“onecannotbecomeausefulpersonwithoutbeingbeaten”,“theclubhelpsthechildtobeloyalson”bringaboutthedifficultyinstrengtheningtheemotionaleducation.

WestIntheWesternfamily,parentsshowtheirappreciationtothechildrenbyusingtheencouraginglanguage.Theypaygreatattentiontoindividualqualityandtheemotionalcommunication.Theycanvacatetheirtimetotalkwiththechild,listenattentivelytothechild'saspirations,andemphasizehearttoheartcommunication.InWesterncountries,thecorporalpunishmentalsooffendsthelaw.Moreover,theWesternparentsareveryhappypraisingtheirownchildinfrontofothers,theythinkthatthismayraisechild'sself-confidence.DifferentEducationmethods

TheChinesetraditionaleducationmethodisatypeofeducationin,whichpeoplerepeatwhatthebooksaysandimbuethechildwithit.Itemphasizesmechanicalmemorizing.Therefore,theChineseguardiansmostlikeseeingthechildsitinfrontofthedesk,eitherrecitingwithhisheadwagging,orbendingoverthedeskdoingexercises.Theeyesdonotleavethebooks;thehandsdonotleavethebooks.“Digintobooksofsaintsobliviousofwhatishappeningoutside”.Loadthestomachwithancient'sknowledgeandsage'sexperiencewithoutknowingwhethertheycanbedigestedornot.

Thewestemphasizesthechild’s“powerofunderstanding”.Theylikelettingthechildpractisebyhimself,goingtothenature,seekingtheknowledgefromlife.Theirstudyresidesinmanykindsofforms.Thewesternschoolhasthespecialcookingclass,thehandworkclassandtheplayroom.Theydonotthinkthatplayandstudyareconflictingwitheachother,andencouragethechildtostudyoutside,paygreatattentiontothechild’sabilitytoponder.

InChineseeducation,Chinesethinkitisbasictohavecalculationskillssoeverybodyhastoremembertheentireconcept.So,fromelementaryschooltohighschoolyouarenotallowedtouseacalculator.

Americaneducationfocusesonimprovingstudentassuredness,self-determination,independence,andChineseeducationfocusesonstrictnessandpreciseness.

SectionTwoConversations

PartOneShortConversationsKeys:

1-5ACBDA 6-10DBDBDPartTwoLongConversations

ConversationOneListentotheconversationcarefullyandthenanswerthefollowingquestions.1.Whydoesthemanchoosetotakeaneveningcourse?2.Whatdoesthemanhavetodobeforetakingthecourseofcomputerprogramming?3.Whatdowelearnaboutthescheduleoftheeveningcourse?

4.Whatdoesthemanwanttoknowattheendoftheconversation?Keys1.Hehastoworkduringtheday.2.Hehastolearndataprocessing.3.EveryMonday,lastingfor12weeks.4.Whattobringforregistration.Transcripts:Woman:Hello,Parksoncollege.MayIhelpyou?

Man:Yes.I’mlookingforinformationoncoursesincomputerprogramming.Iwouldneeditforthefallsemester.

W:Doyouwantadayoreveningcourse?

M:Well,itwouldhavetobeaneveningcoursesinceIworkduringtheday.

W:Aha.Haveyoutakenanycoursesindataprocessing?

M:No.

W:Oh.Well,dataprocessingisacourseyouhavetotakebeforeyoucantakecomputerprogramming.

M:Oh,Isee.Well,whenisitgiven?Ihopeit’snotonThursdays.

W:Well,there’saclassthatmeetsonMondayeveningsatseven.

M:Justonceaweek?

W:Yes.Butthat’sallmostthreehoursfromseventonineforty-five.

M:Oh.Well,that’sallright.Icouldmanagethat.Howmanyweeksdoesthecourselast?

W:Mmmm,letmesee.Twelveweeks.YoustartthefirstweekinSeptember,andfinish,oh,JustbeforeChristmas.December21st.

M:Andhowmuchisthecourse?

W:That’sthreehundreddollarsincludingthenecessarycomputertime.

M:Aha.Okay.Ah,wheredoIgotoregister?

W:RegistrationisonthesecondandthirdofSeptember,between6and9inFrostHall.

M:Isthattheroundbuildingbehindtheparkinglot?

W:Yes.That’stheone.

M:Oh,Iknowhowtogetthere.IsthereanythingthatIshouldbringwithme?

W:No,justyourcheckbook.

M:Well,thankyouverymuch.

W:Youareverywelcome.Bye!

M:Bye!ConversationTwo

ListentotheconversationcarefullyandthendecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsareTrueorFalse.()1.Samhasanexaminationtomorrow.()2.Hethinkshewilldowellintheexam.()3.Atthemomenthefeelsworried.()4.Hethinkshisfatherwillbesympatheticifhedoesbadlyintheexam.()5.Samwantstoquittheexambecauseheisafraidthathewouldlethisfatherdownagain.()6.Samonceenteredachesscompetition.()7.Hewonthecompetition.()8.Afterthecompetition,Sam’sfathertoldhisfriendshowgoodSamwasatchess.()9.AttheendSamsaysthatthecounselordoesnotunderstandhisproblem.Keys:1.T2.F3.T4.F5.T6.T7.F8.F9.FTranscripts:Sam:Iwon’tbeabletodotheexamtomorrow.Ijustdon’tfeelthatI’mready.Counselor:Yousaythatyoudon’tfeelreadyfortomorrow’sexam...whatdoyoufeellikerightnow?Sam:Well,I’mangrywithmyselfbecauseI’mgoingtohavetoquittheexamand,well,IguessI’manxious.Yes,Ifeelveryanxious.Counselor:Whenyouthinkaboutanxiety,whatimagedoyouhaveofyourself?Sam:Well,IseemyselftryingtoexplaintomyDadwhyIdidn’tmakethegradeonthiscourse...andIseehimgettingangry...and,well,IstarttofeelI’velethimdownagain.Counselor:Youdon’tfeelreadyforyourexam,youfeelanxiousandyoudon’twanttoletyourDaddownagain.TellmeaboutthelasttimeyouletyourDaddown.down.Sam:Oh,well,itwasayearago...He’denteredmeforachesscompetitionandIgotknockedoutinthefirstmatch...hewasangrybecausehe’dtoldallhisfriendshowgoodIwas.Counselor:Whatdidyoutellhim...asanexplanationwhenyoulostthechessgame?Sam:ItoldhimthatIwasn’treadytoplayinthatleague.Counselor:Andnowyouarepreparingtotellhimthatyou’renotreadytositthisexamination?Sam:Yes,IsupposeIam.Counselor:O.K.Sam,sowhatyouaresayingtomeisthatyoufeelreluctanttotaketheexamtomorrowbecauseyoudonotlikethethoughtofhavingtoexplainapoorgradeorafailuretoyourfather.Isthatright,Sam?Sam:Yes.That’sexactlyit.SectionThreePassagesPassageOneListentothepassagecarefullyandthenanswerthefollowingquestions.1.Ofthe4groupsofstudents,whoscoredthelowestinmathsaccordingtothesurvey?2.Whatkindsofstudentsaremostlikelytobecometopscorers?3.InwhatwaydoColumbianstudentsdifferfromJapanesestudents?4.Inwhichsubjectsdidboysscorehigherthangirls?Keys:ADCATranscripts:

Theworld’ssmartestadolescenceinmathematicsandscienceareinSingapore,accordingtoaglobalsurveyofeducationalachievement.Inthe3rdInternationalMathematicsandScienceStudy,13-year-oldsfromSingaporeachievedthebestscoresinstandardizedtestsofmathsandsciencethatwereadministeredto287,896studentsin41countriesin1994and1995.ThesurveysuggeststhatscienceandmathseducationisespeciallystrongintheFarEast.Whilewellbehindthosetopscores,studentsfromAustraliaearnedhighermarksinmathsthantheircounterpartsinEngland,whointurndidbetterthanAmericanstudents.Thestudycollectedinformationonthestudents’teachersandhomes.Notsurprisingly,thehighest-scoringstudentshadwell-educatedparentsorcamefromhomescontainingstudy-aidssuchascomputers,dictionariesorevensuchelementalfacilitiesasdesks.Thestudyshowsthatboysgenerallydidbetterthangirlsinscience,buttherewaslittledifferencebetweentheminmaths.Boysscoredbetterthangirlsinphysicsandchemistry.Therewerenosexdifferencesinthelifeandenvironmentalsciences.Inadditiontobeingtested,studentsintheprojectwereaskedhowproficienttheythoughttheywereinmathsandscience.Studentsinsomecountries,suchasColumbiaandKuwait,hadanoverlyoptimisticviewoftheirskills.Meanwhile,someofthebeststudentsfromJapanandKoreaforexamplewereneedlesslypessimisticeventhoughtheydidfarbetterinmathsthanalmostallofotherstudents.PassageTwo

ListentothepassageanddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsareTrueorFalse.Ifitisfalse,discusswithyourpartners.()1.Whenyouarerequestingavisa,youwillneedtobringagovernmentformbyyourAmericanschool.()2.Whenyouarerequestingavisa,youwillnotneedbankingandtaxrecords.()3.YouhadbetterapplyforthevisaafteryouhavebeenacceptedtoaschoolintheUnitedStates.()4.Youcanreceiveavisamorethan120daysbeforethestartofyourprogram.()5.Ifyouarecomingasastudentforthefirsttime,youcannotenterthecountrymorethan13daysbeforeclassesbegin.Keys:1—5TFTFFTranscripts:

Ifyouarerequestingavisaforthefirsttime,youwillprobablyhavetogotoanAmericanembassyorconsulate.YouwillneedtobringagovernmentformsenttoyoubyyourAmericanschoolthatshowsyouhavebeenaccepted.Youwillalsoneedbankingandtaxrecordsthatshowyouhaveenoughmoneytopayforyoureducation.Andbepreparedtoprovideevidencethatyouwillreturntoyourhomecountryafteryourstudiesend.Allofthisisimportantinsatisfyingtherequirementstogetavisa.Aconsularofficialwillalsotakeyourpictureandyourfingerprints.Foreignstudentsmustcontacttheirlocalembassyorconsulatetorequestaninterviewandtogetotherinformation.Thisincludesdirectionsabouthowandwheretopaythevisaapplicationcharge.Thecostis$200.YoushouldapplyforthevisaassoonasyouhavebeenacceptedtoaschoolintheUnitedStates.Thegovernmentneedstimetoperformabackgroundinvestigation.Youcannotreceiveavisamorethan120daysbeforethestartofyourprogram.Andifyouarecomingasastudentforthefirsttime,youcannotenterthecountrymorethan30daysbeforeclassesbegin.OnceyoucometotheUnitedStates,youcanstayforthelengthofyourperiodofstudy.YourschoolisrequiredtoprovidetheDepartmentofHomelandSecuritywithreportsonyourstatusasastudent.SectionFourNewsNewsItemIListentotheNewsandthenchoosethecorrectanswertothequestion.1.WhatistheconditioninthestateofFlorida?Ithasbeenattackedbyseveredrought.Ithasbeenhitbypowerfultornadoes.Ithasbeendamagedbywindonly.Ithasbeenstruckbyheavyrainonly..Whendidsuchweatherbegin?Saturdaymorning.SinceSaturdayafternoon.SinceSundaymorning.SinceSundayafternoon.Key:BDTranscripts:

Atleast29peoplearereporteddeadandevenmorearemissingafterseverestormsintheStateofFlorida.Manyofthefatalitiesoccurredinthecentralpartofthestatewherepowerfultornadoesdamagedhundredsofbuildings.Widespreadpoweroutagesdelayedtheeffortsofrescuecrews.Floridahasbeenhitbyhail,heavyrains,andwindgustsashighas20kilometersperhoursinceSundayafternoon.Manyareasremainundertornadowatch.NewsItemIIListentotheNewsandchoosethecorrectanswertothequestion.1.Mr.WarrenChristopher______A.believesthereishopeforpeace.B.willreporttotheUNonThursday.C.willholdmoretalksbeforeleavingtheregion.D.isnotsurethatthepeaceprocesswillsucceed.2.WithwhomdidChristopherNOTmeet?A.TheSyrianPresident.B.ThePLOleader.C.TheJordanianPresident.D.TheIsraeliPrimeMinister.Keys:ACTranscripts:SecretaryofStateWarrenChristopherhaswrappeduphislatesttriptotheMiddleEast,sayingthepeaceprocessisprogressing.Mr.ChristophersayshewillleavetheregionThursdayassuredthatthepictureismuchlessgloomythansuggestedbyrecentreports.Duringtwodaysoftalks,Mr.ChristophermetwithIsraeliPrimeMinisterYitzakRabinandForeignMinisterShimonPerezinIsrael,andPLOChairmanYasserArafatintheGazaStrip.HealsometwithSyrianPresidentHafezal-AssadinDamascus.NewsItemIIIListentotheNewsandfinishthefollowingexercises.1. Thenumberoftheescapedprisonersis______A.6.B.5.C.1.D.7.2.Followingtheprisonbreakout,theGovernmentisto______A.restructuretheprisonservice.B.disciplinesomeprisonofficers.C.recruitmoresecuritystaff.D.lookintosecurityconditions.Keys:ADTranscripts:

PrisonservicestaffsinBritainhavebeenseverelycriticizedinanofficialreportfortheescapeoffiveIRAprisonersandanarmedrobberfromWhitemallPrison,Cambridgeshire.Bomb-makingequipmentwassubsequentlydiscoveredatthejail.ThegovernmenthasannouncedamajorreviewofprisonsecuritythroughoutEnglandandWales.AnewtaskforcewillbesetupundertheHomeOfficeandadetailedlistofrecommendationsisexpectedtobeissuedattheendoftheyear.NewsItemIV

ListentotheNewsandfinishthefollowingexercises.1.Theaimoftheagreementisto______A.encouragetradeintheregion.B.crackdownondrugsmuggling.C.savethedecliningfishingindustry.D.strengthencross-boarderpolicepresence.2.Whichgroupofpeopleisnowtakingadvantagesoftheagreement?A.Canadianpolice.B.Businessmen.C.Drugtraffickers.D.Customsofficers.3.Thepercentageofcocainebroughtthroughthecoasthasincreasedby______A.10%B.50%C.60%D.70%Keys:ACBTranscripts:

TheCanadianpolicesaythatthenewNorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreementwhichistoopenfrontiersacrossthecontinenthasbeenexploitedbydrugsmugglersfromSouthAmerica.Themafiacannowmovedrugsacrossthecontinentwithminimumsupervision.Policeestimate60%ofthecocainewhichcamethroughCanadathisyearhasbeenbroughtthroughtheeastcoast.Lastyearitwas10%.Policesaythemafiaarebenefitingfromthedecliningfishingindustry.Therearemoreboatsavailabletomovethedrugs.SectionFiveSpotDictationTodaywediscusssomethingelsethateveryforeignstudentneedstoknowabout:SEVIS.SEVISisthe________1______________________.Morethan____2______Americancolleges,universitiesandexchangevisitorprogramsarerequiredtousethiselectronicsystem.Itlinksthemwith____3_____andCustomsEnforcement,orICE,intheDepartmentofHomelandSecurity.Theterroristattacksin2001ledto____4______ofthedepartment.ButSEVISwasbeingdevelopedevenbeforetheattacks____5_____toimproverecordkeepingonforeignstudentsintheUnitedStates.SomeoftheSeptembereleventhhijackersenteredthecountry_____6_______.WithSEVIS,aschoolentersinformationaboutastudent.Thesystemletstheschoolknowwhenthestudenthasarrived.Theschoolmustthenprovidereports_____7_________________.Studentswhoviolatethetermsoftheirvisacanbeexpelledfromthecountryandmaybedenied____8____.Twoexamplesofviolatio