大學(xué)英語綜合教程4 第1單元

UnitoneFightingWiththeForcesofNature

Detailedreadingfrompara3-11Pleasenotedowntheimportantinformationaccordingtotheoutlinebelow.thebeginingofwar

timethenumberofsoldiersexpectationthefirstbattletimeplacecasualtywhereisSmolenskthesecondbattletimeplacecasualtythethirdbattleInthespringof1812;600,000;fiveweeks;Nemanriver(Russiansrefusedtostandandfight)InAugust;atSmolensk;10,000deadoneachside(facedwithacrucialdecisonwhethertopursue)InSep.;atBorodino;112kilometerswestofMoscow;30,000Frenchand44,000RussianslaydeadorwoundedclearpathtoMoscow;offeratruce;inOct.;retreat;minus4degreescelsiusinNov.;firstsnow;BerezinaRiver;50,000friendlyremindersefficient/confidentof/

boggeddown/takethegambleof/nightmare/falldead/laywounded/takeill/becomestruck/trapped/aliance1.efficientadj.有效的；效率高的(line15)efficiencyn.效率→efficientadj.效率高的effectn.效果→effectiveadj.有效的該藥對感冒有特效.Thismedicineisspeciallyeffectiveagainstcold.這臺新復(fù)印機比那臺舊的效率高。Thisnewcopymachineismoreefficientthantheoldone.

conquest(line16)n.conquering,defeat1占領(lǐng)；2征服3戰(zhàn)利品；贏得（物）4（尤指）愛情的俘虜；conquervt.占領(lǐng)；攻?。还タ薱onquerorn.征服者TheconquestofAidsistheaimofmanyscientificworkersTheconquestofdifficultiestakestime.Herbeautywonhermanyconquests.NorthernChinaoncebeametheconquestofJapan.DR_word_conquest1conquest:n.conquering,defeatHitlerbadlymiscalculatedwhenheassumedtheconquestoftheUSSRwouldbesimple.Theyear1939hadwitnessedtheconquestofPolandbyGermany.1939年德國征服了波蘭。conquest指獲取勝利或征服，把失敗者置于控制之下。triumph著重指勝利或成功的輝煌。victory普通用詞，主要指在戰(zhàn)爭、斗爭或競賽中獲得的勝利，強調(diào)艱辛與成功。conquest,triumph&victory這三個詞都是名詞，均含有“勝利”之意。CF:DR_word_conquest2Directions:Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheformwherenecessary.1.UndertheleadershipoftheParty,wearemarchingfromto.2.TheYangtzeBridgeisagreatofmoderncivilengineering.3.Itwasaofhumanintellect,andalsointernationalcooperationandcommunication.4.Inprocessoftime,Romebecameagreatempireby.victory_______victory_________triumph_________triumph_________conquest__________decisive(line19)adj.；1)決定性的;2)果斷的,堅定的[辨析]decided“已經(jīng)決定了的”、“明確的”；

decisive意為“決定性的”decidedvictorydecisive

victoryE.g.Theirreformisadecidedvictory,butwhetheritisadecisiveoneonlytimecantell.他們的改革取得了成功，但是否是決定性的勝利只能用時間來回答。be/getboggeddown(line22)beunabletomakeprogress陷入泥潭；阻礙bogn.沼澤

[注意]做動詞用于getboggeddown句型較多Thetractorisboggeddowninthemud.有些母親因孩子太多而陷入困境。

Somemothersareboggeddownbyhavingtoomanychildren.2)Ifyouletyourselfgetboggeddowninpaperwork,you’llneverfindtimetodealwiththereallyimportantissues如果你連文字工作都難以應(yīng)付，你就不會有機會去處理真正重要的問題。engage(line24)vt.,vi.與…交戰(zhàn)；使從事；占用（時間、精力等);雇,聘

beengagedtosb.(與某人訂婚）

beengagedtodosth.（被雇來做…）

beengagedindoingsth.(=engagein,

engageoneselfin)從事于…咬合

銜接Thiswheelengageswiththatwheel.這個輪子與那個輪子銜接。engagementn.訂婚;engagingadj.引人注意1)閱讀占去了我所有的空余時間。

Readingengagesallmysparetime.2)她正忙于寫回憶錄。Sheisengagedinwritinghermemoirs.

[辨析]face(thedifficulty)主動應(yīng)對困難

befacedwith(thedifficulty)面臨困難Phrases:inthefaceof

面對，在…前面

onthefaceofit從表面上來看

putagoodfaceonit裝作若無其事

save(one's)face挽回面子

pullalongface拉長臉（顯出不喜歡或不高興的樣子）；拉下臉

makeafaceatsb.crucial(line27)adj.極重要的；有決定性的〈俚〉妙極了的critical,decisive,e

1)becrucialto/for對…來說至關(guān)重要2)itiscrucialthat…(should)ItiscrucialthatNapoleonmaketherightdecison.takeagamble(line30)takearisk冒險gambleon把賭注押在…上,冒...的風(fēng)險IgambleontheweatherbeingfineonSaturday.gambleaway賭掉,輸光Shehashadtwokidneytransplants,andnowherfamilyaregamblingonthelastoperation.presson/ahead(line30)usedinthepattern:presson/ahead(withsth.)繼續(xù)進行（不顧困難）

E.g.1)救援隊在黑暗中繼續(xù)搜救,盡管有余震的危險。Therescueworkerspressaheadwiththeirsearchinthedarkregardlessofthedangerfromaftershock.Despiteopposition,theObmagovernmentispressingonwithitsmedicarereforms.occupation(line36)[辨析]career,occupation,vocation↓↓↓

職業(yè),生涯;職業(yè)(受訓(xùn));天職minusprep.減去；零下adj.負的；稍差的；陰性的n.

負號；減號；負數(shù)stroke(line54)strike(打擊,罷工)

strive(努力,奮斗)stride(大步走)astrokeofluck一次走運astrokeofmisfortune一次不幸astrokeofgenius天才一舉，非凡的創(chuàng)見ata(one)stroke一下子，一舉onthestrokeof正好是,準(zhǔn)時的，準(zhǔn)點的haveastroke中分strokeacat撫摸貓

strokesb.down平息怒氣strokesb.upSheswamwithstrongsteadystrokes.她有力穩(wěn)健的劃動著手臂游動著。atthecostof(line55)attheexpenseofwiththelossof以…為代價atallcosts不惜任何代價(=atanycost)alliancen.（抽象名詞）聯(lián)盟,聯(lián)合allyv.結(jié)盟；allyn.（具體名詞）同盟國,支持者；inalliancewith

和…聯(lián)合起來stragglevi.1落伍，掉隊keepupwiththegroup.Don'tstraggle.2到處蔓生（植物）Vinesstraggledovertheyard.AbdicateVi.Vt.退位（君王）

abdicatethethroneVt.瀆職，未能承擔(dān)責(zé)任e.g.Heabdicatedallresponsibilityforthecareofthechild.exile(line61)n.1流放;2被流放者

inexile被流放o(in)exile流放某人vt.放逐(多用被動）

Inthecurrentera,ChinesedissidentsaremostlyexiledtoUSA,insteadoftheremoteplaces.PartIIIDifficultSentencesAnalysis(10minutes)Tohissurprise,theRussiansrefusedtostandandfight.(line20)---1)hissurprise令他吃驚的是。注意這是一個固定結(jié)構(gòu)toone’s+表示感情的名詞，再如：toone’sdismay令某人失望的是；

tomymuchregret令我十分遺憾的是

---2)stand抵抗，相當(dāng)于resist。令他吃驚的是，俄國人并不奮起反抗。DifficultSentencesAnalysis2.Instead,theyretreateastward,burningtheircropsandhomesastheywent.(line20)相反，他們一路東撤，沿途燒毀莊稼和居民。burningtheircropsandhomes現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨情況狀語astheywent是時間狀語從句。eastward這里作為副詞，相當(dāng)于eastwards，此外它還可作為形容詞，如：aeastwardjourney。DifficultSentencesAnalysis3.Inaugust,theFrenchandRussianarmiesengagedatSmolensk,inabattlethatleftovertenthousanddeadoneachside.(line24)--engage意為“交戰(zhàn)”--over=morethan--left使役動詞，類似的有：keep,let,make,have,find等到了8月，法俄兩軍在斯摩棱斯克交戰(zhàn)，這一戰(zhàn)役中，雙方各有上萬人陣亡。DifficultSentencesAnalysis3.Bynightfall,thirtythousandFrenchandforty-fourthousandRussianslaydeadorwoundedonthebattlefield.(line32)--by后接時間狀語，表示：到…為止--lay與dead構(gòu)詞系表結(jié)構(gòu)。類似：smell,feel,sound,taste;appear,turn,get,become,seem,prove,fall,remain,keep等--夜幕降臨時,3萬名法國士兵和4萬4千名俄國士兵或傷或亡，倒在了戰(zhàn)場上。DifficultSentencesAnalysis4.OfthesixhundredthousandsoldiersNapoleonhadledintoRussia,lessthanonehundredthousandcameback.(line57)--of+數(shù)量詞+n.表示“在…中”E.g.在所有80學(xué)生中，他是個子最高的。--lessthan=no