選修七第一單元語(yǔ)法：動(dòng)詞不定式

Grammar

：TheInfinitive動(dòng)詞不定式

Martysays…2.Iusedtoclimbtrees,swimandplayfootball.3.ThenIstartedtogetweakerandweaker.HaveALk

Unfortunately,thedoctorsdon’tknowhowtomakemebetter,butIamveryoutgoingandhavelearnedtoadaptto

mydisability.4.Evenafterallthat,noonecouldgivemydiseaseanameanditisdifficulttoknow

whatthefutureholds.5.Sometimes,too,Iwastooweaktogoto

schoolsomyeducationsuffered.6.Myambitionistoworkforafirm

thatdevelopscomputersoftwarewhenIgrowup.Martysays…Martysays…7.LastyearIinvented…andabigcompanyhasdecided

tobuyitfromme.8.Ialsohavetodoalotofwork,especiallyifIhavebeenawayforawhile.9.Justacceptthemforwhotheyare,andgivethemencouragementtoliveasrichandfullalifeasyoudo.動(dòng)詞不定式是動(dòng)詞的一種非謂語(yǔ)形式。由“to+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成,其否定形式是“not/nevertodo”

不定式可以帶賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ),沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化,但有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。不定式可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)

:todo(否定)not/nevertodo二.

時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式進(jìn)行式完成式完成進(jìn)行式不定式

todo

tobedone

tobedoing

tohavedone

tohavebeendone

tohavebeendoing--------------------(1).Theypretendednottoseeus.(2).Hepretendedtobesleeping.(3).Shepretendedtohaveknownitbefore.(一般式表示與謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)/幾乎/發(fā)生在它之后.)(在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的同時(shí),不定式的動(dòng)作也正在進(jìn)行)(完成式表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前)(4).We’rehappytohavebeenworkingwith

you.(完成進(jìn)行式表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前,不定式的動(dòng)作一直在進(jìn)行而且可能之后也繼續(xù))1.作主語(yǔ)2.作表語(yǔ)4.作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)3.作賓語(yǔ)5.作定語(yǔ)6.作狀語(yǔ)7.作插入語(yǔ)三、用法Toseeistobelieve.It’simportanttolearnEnglishwell.1.主語(yǔ)單個(gè)不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)若不定式太長(zhǎng),往往用it作形式主語(yǔ),不定式置后.Myjobtohelpthepatient.Yourtasktocleantheclassroom.isis2.表語(yǔ)Iwanttogohome.Theworkersdemandedtogetbetterpay.Ifounditnecessarytotalktohimagain.3賓語(yǔ)think/consider/findit+adj.+todo常接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：want,agree,afford,attempt,choose,dare,decide,demand,deserve,determine,fail,

expect,get,hate,hesitate,hope,intend,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,seem,tend,wish。Theteachertoldmetocleantheblackboard.Iexpectyoutogivemesomehelp.引導(dǎo)不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞：warn,tell,allow,help,ask,force等+sbtodosth4.賓補(bǔ)五看

watch

see

lookat

observe

notice(1.)使役動(dòng)詞：三使

let

make

have

二聽(tīng)

listento

hear一感覺(jué):

feel(2.)感官動(dòng)詞e.g.Imadehimdohiswork.Hewasmadetodohiswork(byme).注意(2)help后面的“to”可省去e.g.Theyoftenhelpthegrandma(to)carrywater.(1)在使役動(dòng)詞

let,make,have和感官動(dòng)詞feel;hear,listento;watch,see,notice,lookat,observe等

后面,不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)要省“to”（注:被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不能省to）(3)不定式用在介詞but,except,besides后時(shí),如果這些介詞前有行為動(dòng)詞do的任何一種形式,那么介詞后的不定式不帶to,相反則帶to.Shecoulddonothingbutcry.Youhavenochoicebuttogo.Whatdoyouliketodobesidessleep?Ihavesomethingtosay.Hehasalotofhomeworktodo.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.5.定語(yǔ)(如果不定式中的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞,則不定式中要有介詞.)請(qǐng)給我一支寫(xiě)字的筆.Pleasegivemeapentowritewith.Hespokeloudly(soas/inorder)tobeheard.(1)表示目的:toinordertosoasto6作狀語(yǔ)Hegotupearlytocatchthetrain.Icameheretoseeyou.(2)

表示原因:

不定式可以用在作表語(yǔ)的形容詞后作狀語(yǔ),sorry,surprised,happy,glad,eager,angry,right,wrong,rude,cruel,disappointed等。eg:I’mglad/pleasedtoseeyou.Weweresurprisedtohearthenews.so+adj./adv.+astodo…such+adj.+n.+astodo…adj./adv.+enough+todo

Hewassofoolishastobelieveit.=Hewassuchafoolastobelieveit.=Hewasfoolishenoughtobelieveit.(3)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ):注意:不定式往往表示與主觀愿望相反的結(jié)果。Hehurriedtothestation,onlytofindthetrainhadleft.7.插入語(yǔ)tobefrank,tobehonest,Tobeginwith,Totellthetruth,Idon’tagreewithyou.類似的結(jié)構(gòu)疑問(wèn)詞who,which,when,how,what等與不定式連用，在句中起名詞作用，可充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。Hedidn’tknowwhattosay.(賓語(yǔ))他不知道說(shuō)什么。Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.(主語(yǔ))如何解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題很重要。Myquestioniswhentostart.(表語(yǔ))我的問(wèn)題是什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始。

四、疑問(wèn)詞+不定式注意：(1).不定式中的動(dòng)詞上文已出現(xiàn)過(guò),下文要省略該動(dòng)詞.A:—Wouldyouliketogowithme?B:—I’dliketo.(2).不定式是tobe結(jié)構(gòu),be不可省.A:—Wouldyouliketobeateacher?B:—I’dliketobe.exerciseMyteacherwasmade_____histeachingbecauseofpoorhealth.givingupB.togiveupC.giveupD.givenup2.Thesentenceneeds____oncemore.explainedB.toexplainC.beingexplainedD.explaining3.TheArcticisconsidered____thenorthernpartoftheAtlantic.havingbeenB.tohavebeenC.tobeD.beingBDC4.TheEmperororderedthewonderfulcloth_____forhimwithoutdelay.tohavewovenB.tobewovenC.tobeweavingD.toweave5.____lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.HavingsleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Tosleep6.—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.---Oh,Iforgot______.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoffBDC7.---Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?---Thekey____theproblemistomeetthedemand____bythecustomers.tosolving,makingB.tosolving,madeC.tosolve,makingD.tosolve,made8.---Whatdoyouthinkoftheschool?----Itisaverygood_____.schooltostudyinB.schoolforchildrentostudyC.studyingschoolD.schooltostudyBA9.---Didyougetajob?---No,I___,butit’snouse.expectedB.triedtoC.managedtoD.planned10.Wefinditimpossibleforus___theworkaheadoftime.tobefinishedB.finishingC.beingfinishedD.t