高考英語拔高試題解析(九)

PAGEPAGE15高考英語拔高試題解析（九）SectionI:StructureandVocabularyIneachquestion,decidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.PutyourchoicesintheANSWERSHEET.(15points)EXAMPLE:Iwascaught therainyesterday.[A]inby[D]atANSWER:[A]Ididn’tbuytheapples;shegavethemtome nothing.[A]with[B]as[C]for[D]byIt’s mytomakefinaldecisiononthematter.offoutsideabovebeyondIshouldsayHenryisnot muchawriterasareporter.[A][B]so[C][D]asIwon’tpay20forthecoat;it’snotworth .allthatmuchthatmuchallthatallmuchmuchallthatHedidn’tgointodetailonthesubject;hespoke .incommoningeneralinparticularinshortIt’struethattheoldroadislessdirectandabitlonger.Wewon’ttaket henewone, ,becausewedon’tfeelassafeonit.somehowthoughthereforeotherwiseWhenyouareaboutthroughthestory ,trytomakeaguesshowtheplotwilldevelop.halfmidwayhalfwayone-halfThoughalreadyateenager,Peterstillfindsithardto hisfavoritetoys.partoffpartwithpartawaypartfromStrenuouseffortshavebeenmadeto governmentexpensestoadesirablelevel.cutdowncutshortcutoutcutoffWhenataparty,besurenotto fromthepersonwhotriestoengageyouinconversation.turndownturnawayturnoffturnbackThesurvival ofsomewildanimalsisnotveryhighastheyareruthlesslyhuntedfortheirskins.ratedegreeratioscaleHewas admittancetothetheatrefornotbeingproperlydressed.deniedrejectedrepelleddeprivedWhenIaskyouaquestion,Iexpecta answer.punctualfastrapidpromptIfamanislegallyseparatedfromhiswife,ishestill forherdebts?answerablechargeablerecoverablepayableAtthemeeting,Rolandargued infavoroftheproposal.severelyheavilyforcefullywarmlySectionII:ReadingComprehensionEachofthethreepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswers.Readthepassagescarefullyandchosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.PutyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.(20points)Text1Itdoesn’tcomeasasurprisetoyoutorealizethatitmakesnodifferencewhatyoureadorstudyifyoucan’trememberit.Youjustwaste yourvaluabletime.Maybe youhavealreadydiscoveredsomecleverwaystokeepyourselffromforgetting.Onedependableaidthatdoeshelpyourememberwhatyoustudyistohaveaspecificpurposeorreasonforreading.Yourememberbetterwhatyoureadwhenyouknowwhyyou’rereading.Whydoesaclerkinastoregoawayandleaveyouwhenyourreplytoheroffertohelpis,“No,thankyou.I’mjustlooking”?Bothyouandsheknowthatifyouaren’tsurewhatyouwant,youarenotlikelytofindit.Butsupposeyousayinstead,“Yes,thankyou.Iwantapairofsunglasses.”Shesays,“Rightthisway,please.”Andyouandsheareoff--botheagertolookforexactlywhatyouwant.It’squitethesamewithyourstudying.Ifyouchoseabookatrandom,“justlooking”fornothinginparticular,youarelikelytogetjustthat--nothing.Butifyoudoknowwhatyouwant,andifyouhavetherightbook,youarealmostsuretogetit.Yourreasonswillvary;theywillincludereadingorstudying“tofindoutmoreabout”,“tounderstandthereasonsfor”,“tofindouthow”.Agoodstudenthasaclearpurposeorreasonforwhatheisdoing.Thisisthewayitworks.Beforeyoustarttostudy,yousaytoyourselfsomethinglikethis,“IwanttoknowwhyStephenVincentBenethappenedtowriteaboutAmerica.I’mreadingthisarticletofindout.”O(jiān)r,“I’mgoingtoskimthisstorytoseewhatlifewaslikeinmedievalEngland.”Becauseyouknowwhyyouarereadingorstudying,yourelatetheinformationtoyourpurposeandrememberitbetter.Readingisnotonesingleactivity.Atleasttwoimportantprocessesgoonatthesametime.Asyouread,youtakeinideasrapidlyandaccurately.Butatthesametimeyouexpressyourownideastoyourselfasyoureacttowhatyouread.Youhaveakindofmentalconversationwiththeauthor.Ifyouexpressedyourideasorally,theymightsoundlikethis:“Yes,Iagree.That’smyopiniontoo.”or“Ummmm,Ithoughtthatrecordwasbrokenmuchearlier.I’dbettercheckthosedates,”or“Buttherearesomeotherfactstobeconsidered!”Youdon’tjustsittheretakinginideas--youdosomethingelse,andthatsomethingelseisveryimportant.Thisadditionalprocessofthinkingaboutwhatyoureadincludesevaluatingit,relatingittowhatyoualreadyknow,andusingitforyourownpurposes.Inotherwords,agoodreaderisacriticalreader.Onepartofcriticalreading,asyouhavediscovered,isdistinguishingbetweenfactsandopinions.Factscanbecheckedbyevidence.Opinionsareone’sownpersonalreactions.Anotherpartofcriticalreadingisjudgingsources.Stillanotherpartisdrawingaccurateinferences.Ifyoucannotrememberwhatyoureadorstudy, .itisnosurpriseitmeansyouhavenotreallylearnedanythingitmeansyouhavenotchosentherightbookyourealizeitisofnoimportanceBeforeyoustartreading,itisimportant .tomakesurewhyyouarereadingtorelatetheinformationtoyourpurposetorememberwhatyoureadtochooseaninterestingbookReadingactivityinvolves .onlytwosimultaneousprocessesprimarilylearningaboutideasandevaluatingthemcriticallymerelydistinguishingbetweenfactsandopinionsmainlydrawingaccurateinferencesAgoodreaderisonewho .relateswhathereadstohisownknowledgeaboutthesubjectmatterdoeslotsofthinkinginhisreadingtakesacriticalattitudeinhisreadingisabletocheckthefactspresentedagainstwhathehasalreadyknownText2Ifyouliveinalargecity,youarequitefamiliarwithsomeoftheproblemsofnoise,butbecauseofsomeofitsharmfuleffects,youmaynotbeawareoftheextentofitsinfluenceonhumanbehavior.Althougheveryonemoreorlessknowswhatnoiseis,i.e.,itissoundsthatonewouldrathernothear,itisperhapsbesttodefineitmorepreciselyforscientificpurposes.Onesuchdefinitionisthatnoiseissoundsthatareunrelatedtothetaskathand.Thusstimulithatatonetimemightbeconsideredrelevantwillatanothertimebeconsiderednoise,dependingonwhatoneisdoingatthemoment.Inrecentyearstherehasbeenagreatdealofinterestintheeffectsofnoiseonhumanbehavior,andconceptssuchas“noisepollution”havearisen,togetherwithmovementstoreducenoise.Exposuretoloudnoisescandefinitelyproduceapartialorcompletelossofhearing,dependingontheintensity,duration,andfrequencycompositionofthenoise.Manyjobspresentnoisehazards,suchasworkinginfactoriesandaroundjetaircraft,drivingfarmtractors,andworking(orsitting)inmusichallswhererockbandsareplaying.Ingeneral,continuousexposuretosoundsofover80decibels(ameasureoftheloudnessofsound)canbeconsidereddangerous.Decibelvaluescorrespondtovarioussounds.Soundsaboveabout85decibelsmay,ifexposureisforasufficientperiodoftime,producesignificanthearingloss.Actuallosswilldependupontheparticularfrequenciestowhichoneisexposed,andwhetherthesoundiscontinuousorintermittent.Noisecanhaveunexpectedharmfuleffectsonperformanceofcertainkindsoftasks,forinstance,ifoneisperformingawatchkeepingtaskthatrequiresvigilance,inwhichheisresponsiblefordetectingweaksignalsofsomekind(e.g.,watchingaradarscreenfortheappearanceofaircraft).Communicatingwithotherpeopleisunfavorablyaffectedbynoise.Ifyouhaveriddenintherearofajettransport,youmayhavenoticedthatitwasdifficulttocarryonaconversationatfirst,andthat,eventually,youadjustedtheloudnessofyourspeechtocompensatefortheeffect.Theproblemisnoise.Noisediffersfromsoundinthat .itissoundsthatinterferewiththetaskbeingdoneitisaspecialtypeofloudsounditisusuallyunavoidableinbigcitiesitcanbedefinedmorepreciselythanthelatterOneoftheharmfuleffectsofnoiseonhumanperformanceisthat .itreducesone’ssensitivityitrendersthevictimhelplessitdeprivesoneoftheenjoymentofmusicitdrownsoutconversationsatworksitesThepurposeofthispassageis .todefinetheeffectsofnoiseonhumanbehaviortowarnpeopleofthedangerofnoisepollutiontogiveadviceastohowtopreventhearinglosstotellthedifferencebetweennoiseandText3Thetraditionalbeliefthatawoman’splaceisinthehomeandthatawomanoughtnottogoouttoworkcanhardlybereasonablymaintainedinpresentconditions.Itissaidthatitisawoman’stasktocareforthechildren,butfamiliestodaytendtobesmallandwithayearortwobetweenchildren.Thusawoman’swholeperiodofchildbearingmayoccurwithinfiveyears.Furthermore,withcompulsoryeducationfromtheageoffiveorsixherroleaschiefeducatorofherchildrensoonceases.Thus,evenifweagreethatawomanshouldstayathometolookafterherchildrenbeforetheyareofschoolage,formanywomen,thisperiodwouldextendonlyforabouttenyears.Itmightbearguedthatthehouse-proudwomanwouldstillfindplentytodoaboutthehome.Thatmaybeso,butitiscertainlynolongernecessaryforawomantospendherwholelifecooking,cleaning,mendingandsewing.Washingmachinestakethedrudgeryoutoflaundry,thelatestmodelsbeingentirelyautomaticandabletowashanddryalargequantityofclothesinafewminutes.Refrigeratorshavemadeitpossibletostorefoodforlongperiodsandmanypre-cookedfoodsareobtainableintins.Shopping,insteadofbeingadailytask,canbecompletedinonedayaweek.Thenewman-madefibersaremorehardwiringthannaturalfibersandgreatlyreducemending,whilegoodready-madeclothesarecheapandplentiful.Apartfromwomen’sownhappiness,theneedsofthecommunitymustbeconsidered.Modernsocietycannotdowellwithoutthecontributionthatwomencanmakeinprofessionsandotherkindsofwork.Thereisaseriousshortageofnursesandteachers,tomentiononlytwooftheoccupationsfollowedbywomen.Itisextremelywastefultogiveyearsoftrainingatpublicexpenseonlytohavethequalifiedteacherornursemarryafterayearortwoandbelostforevertoherprofession.Thetraining,itistrue,willhelpherindutiesasamother,butifshecontinuedtowork,herservicewouldbemorewidelyuseful.Manyfactoriesandshops,too,arelargelystaffedbywomen,manyofthemmarried.Whileherethequestionoftrainingisnotsoimportant,industryandtradewouldbeseriouslyshortofstaffifmarriedwomendidnotwork.Theauthorholdsthat .therightplaceforallwomen,marriedorotherwise,isthehome,notelsewhereallmarriedwomenshouldhavesomeoccupationoutsidethehomeamarriedwomanshouldgivefirstprioritytoherdutiesasamotheritisdesirableforuneducatedmarriedwomentostayathomeandtakecareofthefamilyAhouse-proudwoman .woulddevoteherwholelifetoherfamilywouldtakeherownhappinessandthatofherfamilyasherchiefconcernwouldstillneedsomespecialtrainingatpublicexpensetohelpherinherdutiesasahousewifewouldtakefulladvantageofmodernhouseholdappliancesAccordingtotheauthor,modernsociety .canoperatejustaswellevenwithoutwomenparticipationhasbeengreatlyhamperedinitsdevelopmentbytheshortageofwomennursesandwomenteacherscannotoperateproperlywithoutthecontributionofwomenwillbeseriouslyaffectedbythecontinuingshortageofworkingwomeninheavyindustriesandinternationaltradeSectionIII:CloseTestForeachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourchoiceslabeled[A],[B],[C],and[D].ChoosethebestoneandputyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.Readthewholepassagebeforemakingyourchoice.(10points)In1620,asmallsailboatnamedtheMayflowerleftEnglandfortheNewWorld.TheMayflowerheadedfortheJamestowncolonyonthewarmshoreofVirginia.ItsonehundredpassengerswerethePilgrims.TheywerelookingforaplacewheretheycouldworshipGod 26 .Becauseofstrongwindsandseverestorms,theMayflowerlostits 27 .ThebravegroupofcolonistsfinallyhadtolandatPlymouthontherockycoastofMassachusettsinDecember1620.Itwasthemiddleofthesternnorthernwinter. 28 monthsofstarvation,disease,anddeathwereaheadofthem.Onlythestrongestofthepilgrims 29 thatwinter.Manywomengavetheirownpitifulrationstotheirchildrenanddiedforlackoffoodforthemselves.Living 30 begantoimproveinthespringof1621.Therewerewildvegetables.Therewereberriesandfruit.Fishandgamewereplentiful.Therefore,theywereabletogetenoughfreshmeatdespitetheirlackofskillorexperienceinhuntingandfishing.Thecoloni 31 withthewarmweatherandtheirbetterdiet.Inthefall,theylookback 32 thepastyear.Theywerebothregretfulandthankful.Onlyfiftyoftheoriginalonehundredpassengersremained.Thepriceinhumanlifeandtragedyhadbeengreat.Ontheotherhand,theysawnewhopeforthefuture.Asplendidharvestwas 33 them.Theywerereadyforthesecondwinterconfidence.Theyhadelevencrudehousesforprotectionagainsttheseverewinter.Sevenwereforfamilies,andfourwereforcommunaluse. 34 ,theyhadestablishedatreatyoffriendshipwiththeirIndianneighborsunderChiefMassasoitinthesummer.Thewoodsandforestsbecamesafe.WhentheMayflowerreturnedtoEnglandthatsummer,therewerenocolonists 35 .Attheendoftheirfirstyearintheirnewhome,thePilgrimswantedtocelebratewitharealholiday.ItwastheirfirstThanksgivingDay.[A]intheirownstyleintheirownwayontheirownoftheirown[A]courseroutepassagechannel[A]UncomfortableBadUnfavourableTerrible[A]passedsustainedsurvivedspent[A]situationsenvironmentsconditionscircumstances[A]strengthenedregainedrecoveredimproved[A][B]of[C][D]at[A]onbehindforbeyond[A]BestofallForthebestTotheirbestAllinall[A]ashorearoundaboutaboardSectionIV:Error-detectionandCorrectionEachofthefollowingsentenceshasfourunderlinedparts.Thesepartsarelabeled[A],[B],[C]and[D].IdentifythepartofthesentencethatisincorrectandputyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.Then,withoutalteringthemeaningofthesentence,writedownyourcorrectiononthelineintheANSWERSHEET.(10points)EXAMPLE:You’vetohurryupifyouwanttobuysomethingbecause[A]there’s[B]hat[omething[C]lANSWER:[C]anythingTheunionandthemanagementarehavingsuchadifficult[A]timeagreeing[B]onacontractfor[C]theforthcomingyearthattheworkersmaygoonstrike[D].Hegotup,walkedacross[A]theroom,andwith[B]asharpquickmovementflung[C]thedoorwidelyopen.[D]Hisvictoryinthefinal[A]wasnomore[B]convinced[C]thanIhadexpected.[D]Becausethereareless[A]memberspresenttonightthan[B]therewere[C]lastnight,wemustwaituntilthenextvoting.[D]We’vegivenhimjust[A]abouteverythingheasked;[B]whateverelse[C]can[D]hewant?Innote-taking[A],astrictdisciplinehastobekept[B]andallinessentialdetailsignored[C]unnecessarywordseliminated.[D]Whenthetankcarcarried[A]thepoisonousgasranoff[B]therails,thefirementriedtoisolatethevillagefrom[C]alltraffic.[D]Tobe[A]frank,that[B]isagreatrelieftohavethetaskfulfilled[C]insoshortatime.[D]At[A]aminimum,thenegotiatorsarehopingofachieving[B]anagreementinprinciple,[C]withdetailstobeworkedout[D]later.Itisencouraging[A]tonote[B]thatinrecentyears,cigarettesmokershavebeeninthedecline[C],especiallyamongolder[D]people.SectionV:VerbsFormsFillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsoftheverbsgiveninthebrackets.PutyouranswerintheANSWERSHEET.(10points)EXAMPLE:Itishighlydesirablethatanewpresident (appointed)forthiscollege.ANSWER:(should)beappointedIntheMiddleAges,inRome,VeniceandotherItaliancities,theredevelopedanintellectualmovement(call)humanism,whichwasthebasisoftheRenaissance.Iflawandorder(be)notpreserved,neitherthecitizennorhispropertyissafe.Thecolonelwasdecoratedforbravery,(fight)offtheenemy.It’squiteobviousthatPaulwon’tsellhisbusinessnowthathe’sgotit(run)sowell.(Notwish)todisturbhisbabysister,hetiptoedintotheroom.Ihappened(talk)withhimwhenhewashitbyaballandcollapsed.Theapplicants(interview)arerequiredtobringallthenecessarypapers.Victorobviouslydoesn’tknowwhat’shappened,otherwisehe(notmake)suchastupidremark.Such(be)thecase,therearenogroundstojustifyyourcomplaints.Thecarshowsnosignsof(repair);itlookslikeanewone.SectionVI:Chinese-EnglishTranslationTranslatethefollowingsentenceintoEnglish.(15points)惡劣的天氣使他無法按時(shí)動(dòng)身去北京。請(qǐng)先把事故的原因查清楚再向主任匯報(bào)。直到演出已經(jīng)開始，他才匆匆趕到。經(jīng)當(dāng)?shù)卣鷾?zhǔn)后，他們?nèi)∠嗽ǖ捻?xiàng)目。SectionVII:English-ChineseTranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.Onlytheunderlinedsentencesaretobetranslated.SeatedbehindthefrontdeskataNewYorkfirm,thereceptionistwasefficient.Stylishlydressed,thefirm’snewestemployeehadapleasanttelephonevoiceandanaturalcharmease.Thecompanywaspleased(61)Clearlythiwasapersonwhotookconsiderablprideinpersonalappearance.Daving,thereceptioni,unusuautbynomeansunique(62)Jusasaltruckdrivendconstructionworkersarenolongernecrlsecretariesandreceptionistsarenolongerautomaticalwomen.Thenumberofmeninwomend-ominatedfieldsisstillsmallandtheyhaven’tattractedtheattenthasoftenfollowedwomenadvancingintomale-dominatedfields,butmenaremovingintomoreandmorejohavetraditionallybeenheldbywomen.Strictlyspeaking,thephenomenonisnotnew.Forthepastseveraldecades,menhavebeenquietlyentersuchasnursingsociaworkandelementareducatiouttodaynojobseemsoff-liminservcoffeinofficesandmealsonairplanes.(63)Thesechangesarehelpingtoinfluencesomeofthelong-standingaboutthetypesofworkmenandwomencando--buttheyalsoproducesomeundeniableproblemsforthewhoareenteringthosefieldsformerlydominatedbywomen.Whatkindsofmenventureintothead“women’sfields”?Allkinds.(64)“Idon’tknowofanyanswersI’dbecomfortablewith,”explainsJosephPleck,Ph.D.,oftheWellesleyCollegeCentreWomen.SamOrmont,forthirty-year-oldhospital,wentbecausethearmyhadtrainedhimasamedicalworker.(65)“Ifoundthatworkveryinteresting.”herecalled,“andwhenIserviceitjustseemednaturalformeIwasn’treallyinterestedinbecomingadoctThirty-five-year-oldDavidKing,anout-of-workactor,foundajobasareceptionistbecausehewashavingtroublelandingrolesinBroadwayplaysandheneededtopaytherent.(66)Inotherwords,menenter“female”jobsoutofthesameconsiderationforpersonalinterestandeconomicnecessitythatmotivatesanyonelookingforwork.Butsimilaritiesoftenendthere.Meninfemale-dominatedjobsareconspicuous.Asagroup,theirworkhistoriesdifferinmostrespectsfromthoseoftheirfemalecolleagues,andtheyarefrequentlytreateddifferentlybythepeoplewithwhomtheyareinprofessionalcontact.Thequestionnaturallyarises:Whyaretherestillapproximatelyninety-ninefemalesecretariesforeveryo