Unit4 wild life protection warming up and prereading 新課標(biāo) 人教 必修2

Warmingupandpre-readingwildlifeprotectionCanyoutellmethenamesoftheanimalsinEnglish?elephantbearpeacockparrotkangaroorabbitpenguinlionmousebutterflyfrogtortoisebatwhaleWhatdoyouthinkofanimals?animalsloyalfiercebeautifulcleverquicklovelycutegentledangerousDoyouloveanimals?Whatisyourfavorite?Why?Ilove/like…becauseitislovely/interesting/loyal/pretty/cute/clever…itismyfriend/…itcanhelpme/…Areyoufamiliarwiththefollowinganimals?miludeerAmazonparrotSouthChinatigerantelopegenusAchatinella夏威夷蝸牛Only20ofthemareleftinthewild蘇門門答答臘臘虎虎rhinocerostortoise微型型豬豬(pigmyhog)crocodile白鰭鰭豚豚panda小嘴嘴狐狐猴猴(Mouselemur)：：Thesmallestmonkeyintheworld.穿山山甲甲anteaterEndangeredKoalaBearIsiteasytoseethemnow?Whatdotheyhaveincommon?Whatproblemsaretheyfacing?They________________________.aredyingoutTheyare________________or___________animals.endangered/indangerextinctWhyaretheseanimalsindangerordyingout?Discussingroups.Pleasegiveasmanyreasonsasyoucan.reasonswhatpeopledoexample

losingfoodsupplylosinghabitattoomuchhuntingpollutionclimatechangeforfarmland/newhousescutdowntreesforwood/burningforestsforfarmlandeatthem/killthemfortheirskin/bones,etc.formoneypourwastedwater/giveoffpoisonousgaspollutetheenvironmentpandaantelopes/miludeer/TheBraziliannewforesteverywherethewholeglobeWhatdopeopledotothem?Havealook!Peoplekillthemfortheir______.skinPeoplekeepthemincagesfor______.funOnholidays,somanypeopletakephotoswiththemuntiltheyaretootiredtomove.Alargenumberofantelopeswerekilled.WaterpollutioncausethedeathoffishFactoriesgiveoffagreatdealofpoinsonousgasToomanytreeswerecutdownandforestsweredestroyedforwoodorfarmlandrubbishcontaminateVideoWhathasChinadonetosolvetheproblem?Chinahassetupsome__________________________,suchas________________________,Sichuan,forpandas,__________________,Beijin,forMiludeer,and________________________,Zhejiang,forSouthChinatigers.NationalNaturalProtectionZonesWolongNatureReserveNanhaiziMiluParkBaishanzuNationalNaturalProtectionZone"Iaminfavourofanimalrightsaswellashumanrights.Thatisthewayofawholehumanbeing."~AbrahamLincolnOnlyifwecarewillwehelp.Onlyifwehelpshallallbesaved.~Dr.JaneGoodallUNAwardCeremonyThemoralityofanationcanbejudgedbythewaysocietytreatsitsanimals.~MahatmaGhandiCanvasbackduckpopulationshavedeclinedwiththelossofwetlandhabitat1.HabitatLossBecauseourpopulationisgrowingandourcitiesaresprawlingintothecountryside,fewernaturalwildlifehabitatareasarelefteachyear.2.ClimateChangeBecausemanytypesofplantsandanimalshavespecifichabitatrequirements,climatechangecouldcausedisastrouslossesofwildlifespecies3.PesticidesandToxicChemicalsPesticidesaredeliberatelyspreadtomaketheenvironmenttoxictocertainplants,insectsorrodents,soitshouldn'tbesurprisingthatotherplantsandwildlifeareoftenharmedatthesametime.4.Non-nativeSpecies---Overthepast150years,manynon-nativeplants,molluscs,insects,fish,birds,mammals,anddiseaseshavefoundtheirwaytoWisconsin.Theseincludesuchwell-knownheadachesasbuckthorn,carp,zebramussels,spinywaterfleas,purpleloosestrife,gypsymoths,Eurasianmilfoil,feralcats,whiteperch,WestNileVirus,Japanesebeetles,andstarlings.These"aliens"areoftenaggressivecompetitorswithnativewildlife,orpredatory,especiallyafterthey'velefttheirownnaturalenvironmentsandcontrols.國際刑警警組織估估計全球球野生動動植物制制品非法法貿(mào)易每每年交易易額高達(dá)達(dá)60到到100億美元元（是僅僅次于非非法毒品品貿(mào)易的的第二大大犯罪活活動），，是當(dāng)前前大規(guī)模模物種滅滅絕危機(jī)機(jī)的主要要原因。。瀕危野生生動植物物種國際際貿(mào)易公公約（CITES）是是一個國國際協(xié)定定，其主主要目的的是用來來規(guī)范合合法貿(mào)易易，減少少非法野野生動植植物貿(mào)易易，最最終挽救救受到威威脅的動動物不致致滅絕。。

然而而某些動動植物種種的商業(yè)業(yè)開發(fā)利利用和貿(mào)貿(mào)易依舊舊十分猖猖獗，已已經(jīng)導(dǎo)致致某些物物種數(shù)量量的衰竭竭，有些些甚至瀕瀕臨滅絕絕。其其它野生生動植物物種需要要受到保保護(hù)，確確保其未未來的存存續(xù)。根根據(jù)聯(lián)聯(lián)合國環(huán)環(huán)境規(guī)劃劃署國際際保護(hù)監(jiān)監(jiān)測中心心統(tǒng)計，，全球有有520種瀕危危和極危危哺乳動動物，503種種瀕危和和極危鳥鳥類，70種種瀕危和和極危爬爬行動物物和63種瀕危危和極危危兩棲動動物。國際自然然保護(hù)聯(lián)聯(lián)盟（IUCN）報告告顯示632種種非洲兩兩棲動物物中約有有28%“瀕于于滅絕””。聯(lián)合國環(huán)環(huán)境規(guī)劃劃署報告告顯示4,000多種種哺乳動動物中有有1,130種種、而10,000多多種鳥類類中有1,183種屬屬于漸危危物種。。美國自然然歷史博博物館館館長MichaelNovacek博士士表示聯(lián)聯(lián)合國的的數(shù)據(jù)同同根據(jù)土土地喪失失和海洋洋破壞程程度所反反映的是是一致的的，“大大約有30%的的物種可可能在本本世紀(jì)中中期滅絕絕。”全球共有有高達(dá)5,428種動動物––從昆昆蟲、貝貝類到大大猩猩和和大象——全都面面臨威脅脅。而造成物物種瀕危危的原因因是人類類活動，，例如非非法盜獵獵、過度度開發(fā)、、污染、、溫室效效應(yīng)、棲棲息地毀毀損等。。但同同時人類類也有能能力保護(hù)護(hù)這些物物種，確確保全球球動植物物的生存存。保保護(hù)瀕瀕危物種種的最重重要原因因不僅僅僅因為它它們可以以給我們們的生活活帶來更更多樂趣趣，更因因為世間間萬物都都以復(fù)雜雜的方式式緊密聯(lián)聯(lián)系。在在物種種徹底消消失之前前，物種種的喪失失已經(jīng)削削弱了這這種聯(lián)系系。某某一種動動物數(shù)量量的大幅幅度降低低或是生生物多樣樣性水平平的下降降都是整整個生態(tài)態(tài)系統(tǒng)支支撐能力力下降的的標(biāo)志。。當(dāng)動植物物滅絕，，我們地地球環(huán)境境結(jié)構(gòu)改改變，人人類也面面臨極大大威脅。。人類的生生存和這這個世界界豐富多多樣的生生物息息息相關(guān)。。IFAW致致力于保保護(hù)生物物多樣性性。我我們在CITES的工工作僅僅僅是我們們?yōu)楸Ｗo(hù)護(hù)全球動動物存續(xù)續(xù)的方式式之一。。IFAW認(rèn)認(rèn)為CITES是用于于保護(hù)某某些物種種不受國國際貿(mào)易易潛在負(fù)負(fù)面影響響的一種種重要方方式。今今年的的CITES會會議我們們關(guān)注的的焦點(diǎn)將將是亞洲洲象、非非洲象、、鯨、姥姥鯊、大大白鯊、、玳瑁龜龜和傳統(tǒng)統(tǒng)醫(yī)藥問問題（其其中涉及及海馬和和淡水龜龜）。IFAW在CITES的工工作是我我們?yōu)榱肆擞行П１Ｗo(hù)全球球物種，，而將地地區(qū)合作作項目、、科學(xué)、、法律和和公眾教教育相結(jié)結(jié)合的獨(dú)獨(dú)特方式式。*來來源：國國際刑警警組織第第一次會會議：““野生動動物盜獵獵”（2003年10月13日）CITES如何何工作CITES2004：：堅決打打擊非法法野生動動物貿(mào)易易常見問題題解答致力于保保護(hù)野生生動物2002年CITES智利會會議成果果發(fā)送E-card！5.Mismanagement---Somenativewildlifecanbecomeaproblemwhenreleasedfromtheirnaturalpopulationcontrols.Whenwolvesarescarceandhunterstoofew,white-taileddeerwilloftenstripthewoodsofnativewildflowers(suchasTrilliums)andevencertaintreespecies(suchasHemlock),whentheirpopulationsareallowedtobecometoohigh.Canadageesearebeautifulbirds,butwhencityfolkfeednativegeeseasiftheywerepets,theirpopulationscanrisetouncomfortablelevelsinurbanareas,resultinginpollutedwaterwaysandmanure-ladenlawns.Gullscanbecomesimilarproblems,whentheyscavangeforscrapsfromourgarbageheapsandlandfills.HowYouCan1.LiveintheCity---Manyofusyearntoliveinthecountry,sowecanbeclosertonatureandenjoy2.SupportStrictZoning---Landusezoningisoneofthefewtoolsavailabletothegovernmenttoprotectwetlands,naturalareasandenvironmentalcorridors.Unfortunately,suchzoningisoftenopposedbypowerfullanddevelopmentorpoliticalforces.

It'simportantforcitizenstoshowsupportforzoningtobalanceagainstthesenegativepressures.3.SupportOrganizationsPreservingRareProperties---Severalgroupsspecializeinbuyingandmaintainingpiecesofsignificantwildlifehabitatwhicharethreatenedwithdevelopment.4.CreateHabitatinYourBackyard---Youcanhelpsustainwildlifeinyourownbackyard,withcarefulselectionofnativeplants,trees,structures,nestboxes,waterandfood5.ConserveEnergy---Wem