高考沖刺英語閱讀理解課堂練（17）答案解析

2020高考英語：閱讀理解課堂練（17）PassageThirty--Three(AStrongStockMarket)

Theincreaseinthemarginratefrom50%to70%wasnotanattempttostemanyrampantspeculationonthepartofthepublic—actuallythemarketseemedtechnicallyquitestrong,withpublicparticipationessentiallydignified—butratheranattemptbytheFederalReserveBoardtopreservethesoundunderpinningsthatexistedinthemarket.Naturally,suchamovehadamomentarilychillingeffectuponpricesbutiftheFRBhadbeenpreoccupiedwithunduespeculation,theincreasemighthavebeentothe80%oreven90%level.Suchanincreasesinthemarginrateisaconfirmationofastrongstockmarketandsince19…,suchincreaseshaveresultedininterimmarkethighsovertwelvemonthslater.Obviously,therecouldbenoguaranteethatthiswouldonceagainbethecase,butifhistoryisanyguideline—andifbusinessandcorporateearningsweretocontinueonthesamecourse—continuedoptimismovertheoutlookforthestockmarketwouldseemmoreprudentthanpessimism.

Themarginincreaseunderscoredthegoodrisethatstockshadenjoyedforthepreviousyear—andthefactthata50%ratewasmaintainedaslongasitwaspointedupthefactthattherisewasmainlyconservativeinthatitwasconcentratedinthebluechipsforthemostpart.InpastInvestmentLetterswehavevoicedthethoughtthatspecialtystockscouldoutperformthegeneralmarketfromthispoint.Wecontinuetobelievethatthiscouldbethecase.Forexample,steelstockstendtosellatcertainfixedprice/earningsratios.Belowacertainratiotheyareconsideredgoodvalue—aboveacertainratio,overpriced.Ifacompanyproducesauniqueproductitisfarmoredifficultformarketanalysistoplaceanumericalratiouponthecompany’searnings.WehavealsocontendedinthepastLettersthatthestockmarketreflectsmasspsychologyaswellasthebusinessoutlook.Wheninvestors—boththepublicandtheinstitutions—arenervousandpessimistictheydefinitelyhesitatetobuystocks:theyseeklowprice/earningsmultiplesandhighyields.Thesesameinvestors—whentheyareinanoptimisticframeofmind—becomeforlesspreoccupiedwithyieldsandmorewillingtopayapremium(highp/emultiples)foracceleratedgrowth.Ifthepublic’sattitudetowardstheautoindustryisanymeasure,thenthisperiodseemstohavebeenoneofoptimism.1.Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis________.A.ATimetoSellStock.

B.AStrongStockMarketC.RaisingtheMarginRate

D.Price/earningsRatioinSteel2.Wheninvestorsarepessimisticwhatdotheydo?A.TheylooktotheFRBforhelp.

B.TheybuysteelC.Theybuyautomobilestocks.

D.Theylookforhighyields.3.Whydoesthewriterbelievethatspecialtystockscouldoutperformthegeneralmarket?A.Becauseanalysishavedifficultyindecidinguponafixedprice/earningsratio.B.Becausetheactivityhadbeenlimitedtobluechips.C.Becausetherisewasconservative.D.BecauseoftheFRBaction.4.Wheninvestorsareoptimistic,whatdotheydo?A.Theylookforacceleratedgrowth.

B.Theybuyspecialtystocks.C.Theylookforhighyields.

D.Theyaremoreprudent.Vocabulary1.

marginrate

保證金率，邊際比率2.

rampant

無約束力，猖獗的，蔓延的3.

stem

遏制4.

stemfrom

滋長，源自5.

underpin

加強……基礎，支持6.

underpinning

支持物，基礎（建筑物下的）7.

preoccupy

先占，使專心于，吸引住8.

undue

過分的，非法的，不適當的9.

interim

間歇；暫時的，間歇的10.

guideline

方針，指導路線11.

underscore

在……下面劃線，強調12.

pointup

加強，強調13.

bluechip

蘭籌股票14.

blue-chip

蘭籌的15.

outperform

在使用上勝過16.

overprice

將……標價過高17.

numericalratio

數率，數字比率18.

earnings

收益，利潤，收入19.

contend

競爭，堅決主張，爭論20.

premium

傭金，酬金難句譯注1.Theincreaseinthemarginratefrom50%to70%wasnotanattempttostemanyrampantspeculationonthepartofthepublic—actuallythemarketseemedtechnicallyquitestrong,withpublicparticipationessentiallydignified—butratheranattemptbytheFederalReserveBoardtopreservethesoundunderpinningsthatexistedinthemarket.[結構簡析]是not…but句型，兩個破折號中間是插入成分；中插入一個帶with+n+participle短語[參考譯文]保證金率從50%增長到70%，并不是想要遏制群眾方面猖獗的投機，而是聯邦儲備委員會想要保持現存于股市強勁基礎——事實上股市由于群眾非常莊嚴的參與——在技術上看起來相當強勁。2.Obviously,therecouldbenoguaranteethatthiswouldonceagainbethecase,butifhistoryisanyguideline—andifbusinessandcorporateearningsweretocontinueonthesamecourse—continuedoptimismovertheoutlookforthestockmarketwouldseemmoreprudentthanpessimism.[結構簡析]復合句。中間有插入語ifclause,進一步說明條件。[參考譯文]顯然，不可能保證這種情況再次出現（情況再是這樣）?？墒牵绻麣v史具有指導方針的話——如果商業(yè)和公司的利潤仍然保持在同樣軌道上——那么對股市前景樂觀似乎要比悲觀更精確些。3.Themarginincreaseunderscoredthegoodrisethatstockshadenjoyedforthepreviousyear—andthefactthata50%ratewasmaintainedaslongasitwaspointedupthefactthattherisewasmainlyconservativeinthatitwasconcentratedinthebluechipsforthemostpart.[結構簡析]這句句子內有四個thatclause：第一個that是goodrise的定語從句。第二個和第三個that都是thefactthat句型。但第二個thefactthat中，aslongasitwas,指頭一年，pointedup是謂語。第四個是inthat連詞，義：因為。寫作方法與文章大意

文章論述“強勁證券市場”的種種情況。首先是聯邦儲備委員會為保持強股市基礎要求保證金率增長。這種增長過去，現在，將來都能鞏固強市。其次由于絕大部分集中在蘭籌股上，使股市看好上升趨于保守，引出行業(yè)股比普通股吃香。最后是投資者心情和股市強弱有關。答案詳解1.B.強勁證券市場（強市）。見難句譯注1和第一段第三句：“那種保證金率的增長有力的鞏固了強勁證券市場。從19……年起，這種增長導致一年來股市屢創(chuàng)新高。A.買出股票的時候。

C.提高保證金率。

D.鋼的市盈率。這三項都不對，它們只是文中涉及的方面。2.

D.他尋找高業(yè)績（即公司的產量或投資收益）。見文章倒數第三句：“當投資者——公眾和團體機構——緊張而又悲觀時，他們肯定在買進股票上舉棋不定；他們尋求低價格/利潤倍數和高額利潤。A.他們尋求聯邦儲備委員會的幫助。

B.他們買進鋼材。

C.他們買進汽車股票。3.A.

因為在決定定價/利潤比上難以分析。見第二段第二句：“在過去的投資保證上我們一直表達了這樣的思想：行業(yè)股票在使用上可能超過普通股。我們依然相信情況可能就是這樣。舉例說：鋼股往往在一定價格/利潤比上拋出。低于一定比率，可認為股是好價值，而高于一定比率就是超價。如果一個公司就生產獨一無二的產品，那市場分析就很難對公司所得定出數比?！癇.因為股市活動受蘭籌股所限。

C.因為行情上升保守。這兩項見難句譯注3。

D.由于聯邦儲備基金會的行動。4.A.他們尋求加速的增長。見文章倒數第二句：“同樣是這些股民，當投資者（對股市前景）持樂觀態(tài)度時，他們不太關注（公司的）業(yè)績（產值）而愿意以高價來購買具有高成長性的股票。”PassageThirty--Four(ReligionandRationality)

Yetthedifferenceintomeandlanguagemuststrikeus,sosoonasitisphilosophythatspeaks:thatchangeshouldremindusthatevenifthefunctionofreligionandthatofreasoncoincide,thisfunctionisperformedinthetwocasesbyverydifferentorgans.Religionsaremany,reasonone.Religionconsistsofconsciousideas,hopes,enthusiasms,andobjectsofworship;itoperatesbygraceandflourishesbyprayer.Reason,ontheotherhand,isamereprincipleorpotentialorder,onwhichindeedwemaycometoreflectbutwhichexistsinusideallyonly,withoutvariationorstressofanykind.Weconformordonotconformtoit;itdoesnoturgeorchideus,notcallforanyemotionsonourpartotherthanthosenaturallyarousedbythevariousobjectswhichitunfoldsintheirtruenatureandproportion.Religionbringssomeorderintolifebyweightingitwithnewmaterials.Reasonaddstothenaturalmaterialsonlytheperfectorderwhichitintroducesintothem.Rationalityisnothingbutaform,anidealconstitutionwhichexperiencemaymoreorlessembody.Religionisapartofexperienceitself,amassofsentimentsandideas.Theoneisaninviolateprinciple,theotherachangingandstrugglingforce.Andyetthisstrugglingandchangingforceofreligionseemstodirectmantowardsomethingeternal.Itseemstomakeforanultimateharmonywithinthesoulandforanultimateharmonybetweenthesoulandallthatthesouldependsupon.Religion,initsintent,isamoreconsciousanddirectpursuitoftheLifeofReasonthanissociety,science,orart,fortheseapproachandfillouttheideallifetentativelyandpiecemeal,hardlyregardingthefoalorcaringfortheultimatejustificationoftheinstinctiveaims.Religionalsohasaninstinctiveandblindsideandbubblesupinallmannerofchancepracticesandintuitions;soon,however,itfeelsitswaytowardtheheartofthings,andfromwhateverquarteritmaycome,veersinthedirectionoftheultimate.

Nevertheless,wemustconfessthatthisreligiouspursuitoftheLifeofReasonhasbeensingularlyabortive.Thosewithinthepaleofeachreligionmayprevailuponthemselves,toexpresssatisfactionwithitsresults,thankstoafondpartialityinreadingthepastandgenerousdraughtsofhopeforthefuture;butanyoneregardingthevariousreligionsatonceandcomparingtheirachievementswithwhatreasonrequires,mustfeelhowterribleisthedisappointmentwhichtheyhaveoneandallpreparedformankind.Theirchiefanxietyhasbeentoofferimaginaryremediesformortalills,someofwhichareincurableessentially,whileothersmighthavebeenreallycuredbywell-directedeffort.TheGreedoracles,forinstance,pretendedtohealoutnaturalignorance,whichhasitsappropriatethoughdifficultcure,whiletheChristianvisionofheavenpretendedtobeanantidotetoournaturaldeath—theinevitablecorrelateofbirthandofachangingandconditionedexistence.Bymethodsofthissortlittlecanbedonefortherealbettermentoflife.Toconfuseintelligenceanddislocatesentimentbygratuitousfictionsisashort-sightedwayofpursuinghappiness.Natureissoonavenged.Anunhealthyexaltationandaone-sidedmoralityhavetobefollowedbyregrettablereactions.Whenthesecome,therealrewardsoflifemayseemvaintoarelaxedvitality,andtheverynameofvirtuemayirritateyoungspiritsuntrainedinandnaturalexcellence.Thusreligiontoooftendebauchesthemoralityitcomestosanctionandimpedesthescienceitoughttofulfill.

Whatisthesecretofthisineptitude?Whydoesreligion,soneartorationalityinitspurpose,fallsoshortofitinitsresults?Theansweriseasy;religionpursuesrationalitythroughtheimagination.Whenitexplainseventsorassignscauses,itisanimaginativesubstituteforscience.Whenitgivesprecepts,insinuatesideals,orremouldsaspiration,itisanimaginativesubstituteforwisdom—Imeanforthedeliberateandimpartialpursuitofallfood.Theconditionandtheaimsoflifearebothrepresentedinreligionpoetically,butthispoetrytendstoarrogatetoitselfliteraltruthandmoralauthority,neitherofwhichitpossesses.Hencethedepthandimportanceofreligionbecomesintelligiblenolessthanitscontradictionsandpracticaldisasters.Itsobjectisthesameasthatofreason,butitsmethodistoproceedbyintuitionandbyuncheckedpoeticalconceits.1.Asusedinthepassage,theauthorwoulddefine“wisdom”as________.A.thepursuitofrationalitythroughimagination.B.anunemotionalsearchforthetruth.C.apurposefulandunbiasedquestforwhatisbest.D.ashort-sightedwayofpursuinghappiness2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?A.Religionseeksthetruththroughimagination,reason,initssearch,utilizestheemotions.B.Religionhasprovedanineffectivetoolinsolvingman’sproblems.C.Scienceseeksapiecemealsolutiontoman’squestions.D.Thefunctionsofphilosophyandreasonarethesame.3.Accordingtotheauthor,sciencediffersfromreligioninthat________.A.itisunawareofultimategoals.

B.itisunimaginative.C.itsfindingsareexactandfinal.

D.itresemblessocietyandart.4.Theauthorstatesthatreligiondiffersfromrationalityinthat________.A.itreliesonintuitionratherthanreasoning.B.itisnotconcernedwiththeultimatejustificationofitsinstinctiveaims.C.ithasdisappointedmankind.D.ithasinspiredmankind.5.Accordingtotheauthor,thepursuitofreligionhasprovedtobe________.A.imaginative.

B.aproviderofhopeforthefuture.C.ahighlyintellectualactivity

D.ineffectual.Vocabulary1.

grace

恩賜，仁慈，感化，感思禱告2.

chide

責備3.

sentiment

情感4.

inviolate

不受侵犯的，純潔的5.

intent

意義，含義6.

piecemeal

一件件，逐漸的，零碎的7.

bubbleup

起泡，沸騰，興奮8.

veer

改變方向，轉向9.

abortive

夭折的，失敗的，中斷的，流產的。10.

pale

范圍，界限11.

draught

要求12.

oracle

神諭宣誓，預言，圣言13.

antidote

解毒藥，矯正方法14.

correlate

相互關系15.

dislocate

使離開原來位置，打亂正常秩序16.

gratuitous

無償的，沒有理由的。17.

debauch

使失落，放蕩18.

sanction

支持，鼓勵，認可19.

impede

妨礙，制止20.

ineptitude

不恰當，無能，愚蠢21.

insinuate

暗示22.

remould

重塑，重鑄23.

aspiration

抱負，壯志24.

arrogate

沒來由反把……歸于（to）25.

literal

樸實的，字面的26.

intelligible

可以理解的。27.

conceit

幻想，奇想難句譯注1.Yetthedifferenceintomeandlanguagemuststrikeus,sosoonasitisphilosophythatspeaks:thatchangeshouldremindusthatevenifthefunctionofreligionandthatofreasoncoincide,thisfunctionisperformedinthetwocasesbyverydifferentorgans.[參考譯文]

可是音調和語言的差異必然很快的給我們深刻的印象，就像哲學所說的那樣：那種差異應提鄉(xiāng)我們，即使宗教的功能和理性的功能恰好相符的話，其功能也是通過不同的器官在兩種不同的情況下完成的。2.Reason,ontheotherhand,isamereprincipleorpotentialorder,onwhichindeedwemaycometoreflectbutwhichexistsinusideallyonly,withoutvariationorstressofanykind.[參考譯文]

另一方面，理性知識一種原則或者是潛在的秩序，我們確實可以在此基礎上存在于我們心中，沒有種種變化，或任何壓力。3.Weconformordonotconformtoit;itdoesnoturgeorchideus,notcallforanyemotionsonourpartotherthanthosenaturallyarousedbythevariousobjectswhichitunfoldsintheirtruenatureandproportion.[參考譯文]

不論我們是否遵循理性，它不會極力鞭策或責備我們，除了以事物的本來面目和比例揭示各種事物而自然而然的激起我們的感情，它并不需要我們付出任何感情。4.Religion,initsintent,isamoreconsciousanddirectpursuitoftheLifeofReasonthanissociety,science,orart,fortheseapproachandfillouttheideallifetentativelyandpiecemeal,hardlyregardingthefoalorcaringfortheultimatejustificationoftheinstinctiveaims.[參考譯文]

宗教在其意義上，比社會，科學，藝術更自覺，更直接的追求“理性生活”，因為這些東西（社會，科學，藝術）暫時而又零星的接近和填補理想的生活，無視目的，也不管其本能的目標是否最終證明正確。5.

oneandall

各個都，全部6.Thosewithinthepaleofeachreligionmayprevailuponthemselves,toexpresssatisfactionwithitsresults,thankstoafondpartialityinreadingthepastandgenerousdraughtsofhopeforthefuture;butanyoneregardingthevariousreligionsatonceandcomparingtheirachievementswithwhatreasonrequires,mustfeelhowterribleisthedisappointmentwhichtheyhaveoneandallpreparedform