【語(yǔ)法課件】2020年高考語(yǔ)法系統(tǒng)復(fù)習(xí)之構(gòu)詞法課件（共29張ppt）

2020年高考語(yǔ)法系統(tǒng)復(fù)習(xí)之構(gòu)詞法1．復(fù)合名詞的主要構(gòu)成方式名詞＋名詞bloodtest驗(yàn)血；half-moon半月(形)；silkworm蠶；classroom教室；airport飛機(jī)場(chǎng)形容詞＋名詞double-dealer兩面派；shorthand速記；greenhouse溫室v.-ing＋名詞readingroom閱覽室；meetingroom會(huì)議室；swimmingpool游泳池動(dòng)詞＋名詞breakwater防波堤；pickpocket扒手名詞＋v.-inghandwriting筆跡；sunbathing日光浴動(dòng)詞＋副詞get-together聯(lián)歡會(huì)；breakthrough突破副詞＋動(dòng)詞downfall垮臺(tái)；outbreak爆發(fā)2.復(fù)合形容詞的主要構(gòu)成方式形容詞＋名詞＋-edcold-blooded冷血的；kind-hearted心腸好的形容詞＋名詞high-class高級(jí)的形容詞＋v.-inggood-looking好看的；easy-going隨和的；fine-sounding動(dòng)聽的形容詞＋過(guò)去分詞newborn新生的；readymade現(xiàn)成的形容詞＋形容詞dark-blue深藍(lán)色的；light-green淺綠色名詞＋v.-inglife-saving救生的；ocean-going遠(yuǎn)洋的名詞＋過(guò)去分詞handmade手工制作的；ice-covered冰雪覆蓋的名詞＋形容詞nationwide全國(guó)性的；ice-cold冰冷的數(shù)詞＋名詞＋-edone-eyed獨(dú)眼的；two-faced雙面的數(shù)詞＋名詞＋形容詞five-year-old五周歲的；two-metre-tall兩米高的3.復(fù)合動(dòng)詞的主要構(gòu)成方式名詞＋動(dòng)詞sleepwalk夢(mèng)游副詞＋動(dòng)詞overcome克服；undergo經(jīng)歷；overthrow推翻；understand明白形容詞＋動(dòng)詞white-wash粉刷；blacklist列入黑名單4．復(fù)合代詞的主要構(gòu)成方式代詞賓格或物主代詞＋self(selves)ourselves我們自己；herself她自己；themselves他們自己某些不定代詞some(any,no，every)＋body(one,thing)everyone;everybody;everything;anyone;anybody;anything;nothing;something方法二、轉(zhuǎn)化法轉(zhuǎn)化法是由一種詞類轉(zhuǎn)化為一種或幾種詞類的構(gòu)詞法。這種構(gòu)詞法詞形沒(méi)有改變，轉(zhuǎn)化后的單詞在意義上通常與原單詞有密切聯(lián)系。現(xiàn)就常見(jiàn)的轉(zhuǎn)化法分類列舉并歸納如下：名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞face臉—face面對(duì)hand手—hand傳遞nurse護(hù)士—nurse護(hù)理形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞dirty臟的—dirty弄臟narrow窄的—narrow變窄clean干凈的—clean打掃動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞find發(fā)現(xiàn)—find發(fā)現(xiàn)物divide劃分—divide分界處waste浪費(fèi)—waste廢物形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞daily每日的—daily日?qǐng)?bào)weekly每周的—weekly周刊形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞deep深的—deep深深地sure確信的—sure的確方法三、派生法派生法是英語(yǔ)主要的構(gòu)詞法。此方法是借助于前綴或后綴，制造出派生詞，主要有名詞、形容詞和動(dòng)詞三種。1．前綴構(gòu)詞法前綴是加在一個(gè)詞根前面的音節(jié)，它并不是獨(dú)立的單詞，但本身有一定的含義，它不改變?cè)~性，但改變?cè)~義。常見(jiàn)前綴：前綴例詞dis-(不，否定)dissatisfy使不滿意；dishonest不誠(chéng)實(shí)un-(不)unable不能夠；unlucky不幸的un-(做相反動(dòng)作)undress脫衣服；unload卸貨in-(不，非)inactive不活躍的；incorrect不正確的im-(不，非)impolite沒(méi)有禮貌的；impossible不可能的ir-(不，非)irregular不規(guī)則的；irresponsible不負(fù)責(zé)任的il-(不，非)illogical不合邏輯的；illegal非法的前綴例詞non-(不，非)non-existent不存在的；non-stop直達(dá)的mis-(錯(cuò)誤的；壞的)misunderstand誤解；misfortune厄運(yùn)re-(重復(fù)，再)rewrite重寫；remarry再婚en-(使可能)enrich豐富；enable使能夠ex-(以前的，前任的)ex-president前任主席/總統(tǒng)；ex-wife前妻super-(在……上面；超級(jí))supermarket超市；supermodel超級(jí)名模under-(在……之下)underestimate低估；underground地下的前綴例詞sub-(在……下；次于；低于)subway地(下)道；地鐵；submarine潛水艇inter-(相互之間)international國(guó)際的；interact相互作用semi-(半)semi-final半決賽；semicircle半圓multi-(多，多種)multi-national跨國(guó)的；multicoloured多種顏色的kilo-(千)kilometre千米，公里；kilogram千克centi-(一百；百分之一)centimetre厘米；centigram厘克milli-(毫；千分之一)millimetre毫米；milligram毫克前綴例詞tele-(遠(yuǎn))telephone電話；television電視a-(在……上/里；向……)aboard在船/火車/飛機(jī)上；ahead在前面；aside在旁邊；abroad在國(guó)外auto-(自己的，獨(dú)自的)automobile機(jī)動(dòng)車，汽車；autobiography自傳over-(太，完全，過(guò)度，多……)overfull太滿的，過(guò)多的；overstudy用功過(guò)度extra-(額外，以外，特殊)extraordinary非凡的；extramarital婚外的pre-(預(yù)先，在……之前)predict預(yù)告；preview預(yù)習(xí)2.后綴構(gòu)詞法后綴是加在一個(gè)單詞后面的音節(jié)，它本身一般也有一定含義，能夠改變單詞的詞性，有的也可以改變?cè)~義。(1)名詞后綴后綴例詞-age(狀態(tài)；集合)shortage缺少；marriage婚姻-an/ian(人，……家)American美國(guó)人；Italian意大利人；musician音樂(lè)家-ence/-ency(構(gòu)成抽象名詞)dependence依靠；frequency頻率-ance(性質(zhì)，狀態(tài))importance重要性；significance意義后綴例詞-ant/-ent(人)assistant助手；student學(xué)生-cion/-sion/-tion/-ation(動(dòng)作，狀態(tài))suspicion懷疑；tension緊張；repetition重復(fù)；preparation準(zhǔn)備-ee(動(dòng)作承受者或受影響者)employee受雇者；refugee難民-er/-or(人或物)writer作家；actor演員；cooker炊具；tractor拖拉機(jī)-ess(女性)actress女演員；waitress女服務(wù)員；hostess女主人-ism(主義，……教)communism共產(chǎn)主義；socialism社會(huì)主義；Buddhism佛教后綴例詞-ist(主義者，……家)communist共產(chǎn)主義者；dentist牙科專家；physicist物理學(xué)家-ment(行為；結(jié)果；狀態(tài)；性質(zhì))argument爭(zhēng)論；government政府；development發(fā)展-ship(關(guān)系，身份)friendship友誼；citizenship公民身份-hood(身份；性質(zhì)；時(shí)代)childhood童年；neighbourhood街區(qū)；knighthood騎士身份-ty(狀態(tài)；性質(zhì))plenty大量；difficulty困難；anxiety焦慮-ure(結(jié)果；行為；狀態(tài)；實(shí)物)pressure壓力；picture圖畫；pleasure高興-al(動(dòng)作過(guò)程；結(jié)果)arrival到達(dá)；approval同意(2)形容詞后綴后綴例詞-able/-ible/-bleunbelievable不可信的；tolerable可忍受的；responsible負(fù)責(zé)的-alnational國(guó)家的；continental大陸的-edlearned有學(xué)識(shí)的；talented有才華的-engolden金色的；woolen毛(織)的；wooden木制的-fulbeautiful美麗的；useful有用的；colourful多彩的-ic/icaleconomic經(jīng)濟(jì)的；political政治的；electronic電子的-ishchildish幼稚的；selfish自私的后綴例詞-iveactive積極的；productive有生產(chǎn)力的；creative有創(chuàng)造力的-lessuseless無(wú)用的；careless粗心的；meaningless無(wú)意義的-lyfriendly友好的；deadly致命的；weekly每星期的-ous/-iousdangerous危險(xiǎn)的；glorious光榮的；famous著名的-warddownward向下的；backward向后的-yrainy多雨的；noisy吵鬧的；snowy下雪的(3)動(dòng)詞后綴

后綴例詞-en(使變得，使成為……)lengthen延長(zhǎng)；harden使變得堅(jiān)固；deepen加深-fy(使……化)satisfy使?jié)M意；beautify美化；simplify簡(jiǎn)化-ize/-ise(使……變成……)realiz(s)e實(shí)現(xiàn)；industrializ(s)e使工業(yè)化(4)副詞后綴

后綴例詞-lycarefully小心地；beautifully美麗地；quickly迅速地-ward(s)forward向前；backwards向后；downwards向下；upwards向上自主鞏固練習(xí)用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空(1)Herpreparationcourseishelpinghertogetusedto________(academy)requirementsofaWesternuniversity.(2)Afireman________(accident)discoveredthecauseofthefire.(3)Itcost________(approximate)$300—Ican'trememberitexactly.(4)________(beg)can’tbechoosers.(5)Otherdisabledpeoplefindthewebsite________(benefit)becausetheycanreadaboutpeoplewithsimilardifficultiestotheirown.(6)Sheglanced________(casual)throughamagazineasshewaited.(7)Thetwoofthemareina________(compare)financialsituation.(8)Hequitplaying____(compete)footballattheageof24.(9)Man'ssocialbeingdetermineshis________(conscious)．(10)Thecafhasarelaxed______(continent)feelaboutit.(11)Shehasplayeda________(decide)roleinthepeacenegotiation.(12)Themanstandingthereisa________(distinguish)novelistandphilosopher.(13)Itisa________(drama)storyaboutaninvasionoftheEarthbyaliensfromMars.(14)Theteachersarevery________(enthusiasm)andfriendlyandtheclassroomsareamazing.(15)Buildinganewfactorytherewouldbe________(environment)disastrous.(16)Yesterdayweheldaceremonytowelcomethe________(honour)soldierswhojustcamebackfromWenchuan.(17)Tosayyouwere________(ignore)oftherulesisnoexcuse.(18)Touristsshouldn'tmissthe103buswhichoffersoneofthemost________(impress)routes.(19)Hishesitationindicates________(will)．(20)Youshould________(loose)upyourmusclesbeforeplayinganysport.(21)Thiswillhelpusachieve________(modern)．(22)Somegroups,________(name)studentsandpensioners(退休人員),willbenefitfromthenewtax.(23)Womenincreasinglywentouttowork,usuallyoutofeconomic________(necessary)．(24)Hebreathed________(noise)throughhisnose.(25)Hecanbevery________(persuade)．(26)ThedaybeforeyesterdayProfessorLimadeaspeech________(plenty)ofhumor.(27)Ourinco