電力專業(yè)英語

電力專業(yè)英語華北電力大學電力工程系2023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-2PowerSystemIntroductionPowerdispatchingvoltagecurrentactivepowerreactivepowerstatusofcircuitbreakersStatusofprotectiverelays……電力系統(tǒng)調(diào)度2023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-32023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-42023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-52023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-62023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-72023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-8BasicsDC/AC直流/交流Voltage電壓Voltagelevel電壓等級110v,220v,380v,3kV,6kV,10kV,20kV,35kV110kV,220kV,330kV,500kV,750kV,1100kVPhasevoltage相電壓,linevoltage線電壓Activepower（realpower）有功功率Reactivepower無功功率2023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-9Basics~Y0ΔY0Δ~~Y0YΔY0YΔY0YΔY0YΔY0Δ~Y0Δ~~~~2023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-10BasicsGeneratorPowerTransformerCircuitbreakerProtectiveRelay…Dispatchingsystem2023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-112023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-122023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-132023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-142023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-152023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-162023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-17PowerDispatchingDispatchingregulationonpowersystem:issuedin1993byStateCouncil.Unifieddispatchingandhierarchicalmanagement:fivelevels.Branch-grid

levelRegionallevelCountylevelNationallevelProvincial

level國調(diào)網(wǎng)調(diào)省調(diào)地調(diào)縣調(diào)2023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-18NationalwidegriddispatchingOperationmanagementofrelatedlarge-scaledplants500(330)KvtransmissionlinesLarge-scaledplantsCoordinateeconomicoperationofvariousbranchgridsMediumandsmallscaleplantsDistributioncenter220Kvtransmissionlines500KvsubstationHighvoltagecustomers220Kvkeysubstation220Kvsubstation110Kv,35Kvsubstation110KvtransmissionlinesandbelowInter-regionalconnectionabove500KvBranch-grid

levelregionallevelCountylevelNationallevelProvincial

level2023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-19Powerdispatchingautomationsystem(調(diào)度自動化系統(tǒng)).Thetaskisprovidingtooperators(調(diào)度員)allvariouskindsofrealtimeinformationofpowersystem,makingmanagementanddispatchingdecisiontoensuresafetyandeconomicaloperationofpowersystem.SometimesitisalsocalledEMS(EnergyManagementSystem)(能量管理系統(tǒng))2023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-20EMSincludesthefollowingpoweradvancedsoftware:

LoadForecasting(負荷預測),AutomatedGenerationControl(自動發(fā)電控制),StateEstimation(狀態(tài)估計),TransientStabilityAnalysis(暫態(tài)穩(wěn)定分析),OptimalPowerFlow(最優(yōu)潮流),DispatcherTrainingSimulator(調(diào)度員培訓仿真系統(tǒng))…ThebasicsoftheseadvancedsoftwareisSCADAsystem.2023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-21Thegeneratorvoltagesareintherangeof11to30kV;highergeneratorvoltagesaredifficulttoobtainbecauseofinsulationproblemsinthenarrowconfinesofthegeneratorstator.發(fā)電機機端電壓范圍在11kV至30kV之間。機端電壓難以達到更高的原因是由于發(fā)電機定子的絕緣問題。2023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-22Transformersarethenusedtostepupthevoltagestotherangeof110to765kV.由升壓變壓器將電壓升至110kV至765kV。InCaliforniathebackboneofthetransmissionsystemiscomposedmainlyof500kV,345kV,and230kVthree-phaselines.Thevoltagesrefertovoltagesfromlinetoline.加州的主干輸電網(wǎng)由500kV、345kV和230kV的三相線路組成。上述電壓指的是線電壓。2023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-23Onereasonforusinghightransmission-linevoltagesistoimproveenergytransmissionefficiency.Basically,transmissionofagivenamountofpower(atspecifiedpowerfactor)requiresafixedproductofvoltageandlinecurrent.Lowerlinecurrentsareassociatedwithlowerresistivelosses(I2R)intheline.采用高輸電線電壓的原因之一是提高能量傳輸效率?；旧?，當傳輸一定的功率時（在給定功率因數(shù)下），電壓和線路電流的乘積一定。降低電流相當于降低線路上的電阻性損耗。2023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-24Theprimaryobjectiveoftheinterconnectionisimprovedservicereliability;alossofgenerationinoneareacanbemadeupbyutilizingsparecapacityinanotherarea.電網(wǎng)互聯(lián)的主要目的是提高供電可靠性；一個區(qū)域損失的發(fā)電量可以由另外一個區(qū)域的剩余容量供給。2023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-25Decision:BuildorUpgradeCitySubstation城市變電站面臨抉擇：新建還是擴建Becausemanycitieshaveexperiencedrapidgrowth,theirsubstationshaveoftenreachedthelimitsoftheircapacity.Asaresult,downtowndistributionsystemsareoftenoverworkedandmanyneedamajorupgrade,overhaul,orexpansion.However,spaceisscarce.由于城市不斷發(fā)展，許多城市變電站已經(jīng)達到其負荷極限，許多配電站急需升級、檢修或擴建，問題是空間不足。2023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-26BCHydrobuiltCathedralSquare,amajor230/12kVundergroundgas-insulatedsubstationlocated62ftunderground,in1984.BC水電公司于1984年建造了這個位于地下62ft（英尺）的230/12kV氣體絕緣地下變電站。Ithasthreelevelsundergroundandanurbanparkabove.Itoriginallyhadadozen12kV

feeders,buthassinceundergoneseveralupgrades,includingtheadditionof24feedersforacurrenttotalof36.變電站建在地面以下，分為三層，地面上則是個公園，最初有12條12kV饋電線路，經(jīng)過幾次擴建增加了24條，目前共有36條饋電線路。2023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-27Usingsomedevicessuchasmagnetictemperatureindicatorsthatmeasuredifferentialtemperaturebetweenloadtap-changer(LTC)oiltanksandmaintransformeroiltanks,theutilityhasmovedfromanannualLTCbreakermaintenancescheduletoanas-neededschedule.由于使用了一些電磁溫度指示器之類的裝置來測量有載調(diào)壓分接頭油箱和主變壓器郵箱之間的溫差，這家電力公司不必像以前那樣，每年都要進行LTC開關維修，而是根據(jù)需要隨時進行維修。2023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-28On-linemonitoringinformationiscollectedbytheutilitysupervisorycontrolanddataacquisition(SCADA)system,andisthensenttothediagnosticsprogramwherethedataareanalyzedaccordingtopresentparameterssuppliedbyDP&Lengineersandmaintenancepersonnel.在線監(jiān)測信息是由監(jiān)控及數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)收集的。信息輸入診斷程序，然后根據(jù)由DP&L的工程師和維修人員預先設置好的參數(shù)進行數(shù)據(jù)分析。2023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-29On-lineequipmentmonitoringisthoughtbymanytobethenextlevelofgatheringandusingsysteminformation.Movingfromtime-basedpreventivemaintenancetocondition-basedmaintenancerequiresinformationontheoperationalstressequipmentissubjectto.很多人認為在線設備監(jiān)測是在手機利用系統(tǒng)信息的基礎上進行的。從原來的定期進行預防性檢修到現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)維修，這一轉(zhuǎn)變的關鍵就是一些主要運行設備的信息。2023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-30參考資料劉然,包蘭宇,景志華.電力專業(yè)英語(第二版),中國電力出版社.Unitone:Theproductionofelectricalenergy電能生產(chǎn)Abriefhistoryofthepowerindustry能源工業(yè)簡史Unittwo:Generatorsandmotors發(fā)電機和電動機Electricityandelectricalcircuits電與電路Unitthree:Electricalenergytransmission電能輸送Transformers變壓器2023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-31Email:

hrenNcepu@163.comThanks!2023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-32ImportanceofdispatchingautomationsystemlocalizedprotectiverelayandautomaticequipmentsProtectiverelaysclearfaultasquicklyaspossible.Excitercontrolmaintainsvoltagequalityandbalancesreactivepower.Loadsheddingkeepsfrequencyvariationwithinacceptablerange.……Uselocalinformation.Canclearfaultasquicklyaspossible.Limitation:withoutconsiderationofwholepowersystemsituation.CentralizeddispatchingautomationsystemUseinformationcollectedfrompowerplantsandsubstationsunderthechargeofthedispatchingcenter.2023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-33練習文章題目ResearchoftheEffectforRelayProtectionBasedonSTATCOM(西安交大碩士研究生)EffectofTCSConMeasuredImpedancebyDistanceRelayConsideringMOVOperation(伊朗大學)2023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-34摘要ThispaperdealswiththeinfluenceoftheSTATCOMtotherelayprotection.Thefundamentalcompensationprinciple,themaincircuitandcontrolstrategiesofSTATCOMareallproposed.ThispaperpresentsthemeasuredimpedancebyadistancerelayinthepresenceofThyristorControlledSeriesCompensator(TCSC),oneoftheseriesconnectedFACTSdevice,ontheprotectedtransmissionlineconsideringMetalOxideVaristor(MOV)operation.2023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-35TheoperationlogicoftherelayprotectiveindistributionsystemwithSTATCOMisanalyzed.ManyresearchinthevoltageregularandprovidesefficientdampingofoscillationsbySTATCOMhavebeenstudied[2~3].Theywerefocusedonthetheoryandapplicationofcontroller.ItconcludedthattheeffectrelatedtotheinstalledpositionofSTATCOM.Theshorterthedistance,thegreaterwillbeimpactedbytheharmonics.練習2023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-36專業(yè)英語的語法特點慣用時態(tài)。專業(yè)英語中多用動詞的現(xiàn)在時，尤其是多用一般現(xiàn)在時，來敘述事實或真理，客觀地表述定義、定律、定理方程式、公式、圖標等。用一般過去式來介紹試驗情況或敘述事物的歷史發(fā)展經(jīng)過等。用一般將來時敘述計劃要做的工作和預期獲得的結(jié)果等。大量使用被動語態(tài)。專業(yè)英語更注重對事實、方法、性能和特性做出客觀表述。采用被動語態(tài)能更為客觀，有助于將讀者的注意力在描述的事物、事實、現(xiàn)象或過程上。大量使用非限定動詞。在專業(yè)英語中，為了描述的明確、簡練，多采用不定式短語、分詞短語，特別是分詞短語應用較多。2023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-37大量使用名詞及介詞短語。同樣是為了達到明確和簡練的要求，在專業(yè)英語中多采用名詞和介詞短語。條件句較多。專業(yè)文獻中常需提出假設和推理，因而條件句使用較多。長句較多。由于專業(yè)英語的作用是陳述事理、描述過程，它所給出的定義、定理、定律或描述的概念及工藝過程，都必須嚴謹、準確。由此，與日常英語相比，使用的長句較多。有時一個長句就是一個較長的段落。2023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-38長句的翻譯翻譯長句子時，必須分析清楚原文的結(jié)構(gòu)關系，在理解原文內(nèi)容的基礎上，分清主次，按照時間概念和邏輯順序重新按漢語習慣加以組合處理，譯出的句子既要準確地表達原文，又要符合漢語的習慣。常用的譯法有順譯法、倒譯法、分譯法。順譯法是基本上保留原文的語法結(jié)構(gòu)，依照原文順序譯出。一般地，當原文的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和時間順序與漢語相同時，可采用順譯法。在翻譯過程中，根據(jù)具體情況，可增加或省略有關連接詞。例如：2023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-39Nosuchlimitationisplacedonanalternating-currentmachine;heretheonlyrequirementisrelativemotion,andsinceastationary

armatureandarotatingfieldsystemhavenumerousadvantages,thisarrangementisstandardpracticeforallsynchronousmachinesratedaboveafewkilovolt-amperes.

交流發(fā)電機不受任何限制，惟一的要求是相對移動，而且由于固定電樞及旋轉(zhuǎn)磁場系統(tǒng)具有許多優(yōu)點，這種安排是所有額定容量超過幾千伏安的同步發(fā)電機的標準做法。2023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-40順譯法例句（2）Forlargemotors,therefore,aphase-winding

rotorisused,withthewindingconnectedatoneendtoeachotherandattheotherendtoslip-rings,thusenablingtheresistanceoftherotortobevariedatwill,providingagreaterstartingtorqueandsomespeedcontrol.因此，對于大型電機來說，一般采用相繞組轉(zhuǎn)子，其繞線的一端互相連接，而另一端接于軸的滑環(huán)上，這樣，可隨意改變轉(zhuǎn)子的電阻，從而可提供更大的起動轉(zhuǎn)矩，并可適當控制速度。2023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-41倒譯法當原文結(jié)構(gòu)層次與漢語相反時，要從英語原文的后面譯起，自下而上，逆著原文的順序翻譯，稱為倒譯法。例如：

Theresistanceofanylengthofaconductingwireiseasilymeasuredbyfindingthepotentialdifference

involtsbetweenitsendswhenaknowncurrentisflowing.已知導線中的電流，只要求出導線兩端電位差的伏特數(shù)，就不難測出任何長度的導線的電阻。2023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-42倒譯法Variousmachinepartscanbewashedverycleanandwillbeascleanasnewoneswhentheyaretreatedbyultrasonics,nomatterho