2020年高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)突破訓(xùn)練專題01-冠詞

2020年高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)突破訓(xùn)練專題一冠詞重難點(diǎn)分析冠詞是一種虛詞，沒(méi)有詞義，不能單獨(dú)使用，放在名詞的前面，幫助說(shuō)明名詞的含義。冠詞主要分為定冠詞、不定冠詞和零冠詞。歷年高考試題對(duì)冠詞的考查涉及到冠詞的位置、不定冠詞、定冠詞、零冠詞及固定搭配中的冠詞等各個(gè)方面。下面我們以表格的形式對(duì)前四個(gè)方面進(jìn)行梳理總結(jié)。一、冠詞的位置考占J八、、示例1such/what/many/rather/quite+a(n)+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞quiteasmallhouse,suchalittleboy2how/however/so/too/as/that/this+形容詞+a(n)+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞soniceagirl3both/all/half/twice/double+the+名詞twicethesizeoftheroom4halfa(n)或ahalf+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞halfanhour/ahalfhour二、不定冠詞考占J八、、示例1表示泛指，與any冋義Asquarehasfoursides.正方形有四邊。2表示數(shù)量“一”，與one同義，但其數(shù)的概念不如one強(qiáng)烈Hewillbebackinaweek.一周后，他就會(huì)回來(lái)了。3表示一類人或東西，與thesame同義Birdofafeatherflocktogether.物以類聚，人以群分。4表示“每一個(gè)”，與every,each,per同義Ivisitmyfatheronceamonth.我一個(gè)月見(jiàn)一次我爸爸。5表示“某一”，與acertain同義AMr.Smithiswaitingtoseeyou.一位斯密斯先生在等著要見(jiàn)你。6表示“像……似的”，與like同義HeisaLeiFenginourclass.他是我們班上的雷鋒。7用在某些物質(zhì)名詞前表示“一種、一陣、一份或一場(chǎng)”等Wehadaheavyrainlastnight.我們昨晚遇到了一場(chǎng)大雨。8用在某些抽象名詞前，使其具體化Youareagreathelptoyourmother.你幫了你母

親一個(gè)大忙。三、定冠詞考占J八、、示例1特指上文提到過(guò)的、談話雙方都清楚的、受定語(yǔ)修飾的人或物ThereImetaforeigner,andtheforeignerhelpedmealot.Doyouknowthemanstandingbythewindow?2用于單數(shù)名詞前，指一類事物Thelionisawildanimal.3用于樂(lè)器名稱前playtheviolin/piano4用于世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物前thesun,theearth,themoon5與某些形容詞連用表示一類人therich,thepoor,theyoung,theaged6用在序數(shù)詞和最高級(jí)前thefirstonetocometoschool,thebeststudentinourclass7在江河、湖海、山脈群島、海峽海岸的地名中TheChangjiangRiver,theWestLake,theEnglishChannel8在表示姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前、逢整十?dāng)?shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)前theBrowns,inthe1980s9在表示國(guó)家的形容詞前，泛指該國(guó)的人民theChinese,theEnglish10用在一些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中inthemorning,thedayaftertomorrow,thedaybeforeyesterday,thenextyear四、零冠詞考占J八、、示例1專有名詞和不可數(shù)名詞前China,America,GradeOne,ClassTwo,air,money,water2名詞前已有this,that,my,your,some,any等Godownthisstreet.3當(dāng)復(fù)數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞表示泛指時(shí)Wearestudents.Ilikereadingstories.4成對(duì)名詞連用時(shí)dayafterday,facetoface5在球類、棋類、學(xué)科、語(yǔ)言、三餐名詞前playbasketball,playchess,likephysics,speakEnglish,atlunch6AutumnisthebestseasoninBeijing.InMay,NewYeai'sDay,onSunday在季節(jié)、月份、星期或某些含Day的節(jié)假日等名詞前7在某些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中的名詞前atnoon,bybus,bytelephone,inbed,intime,gotobed,gotocollege五、英語(yǔ)中含有冠詞的詞組辨析英語(yǔ)中有不少詞組，從形式看好像只有冠詞之差，而實(shí)際上卻是意義完全不同的詞組。infrontof在（外）的前面；inthefrontof在（內(nèi)）的前面Thereisagardeninfrontoftheclassroom.教室前面有一個(gè)花園。（外）Thereisablackboardinthefrontoftheclassroom.教室前面有一塊黑板。（內(nèi)）inchargeof掌管、負(fù)責(zé)；inthechargeof在……負(fù)責(zé)之下Anexperiencedworkerisinchargeoftheproject.一位有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的個(gè)人負(fù)責(zé)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。Theprojectisinthechargeofanexperiencedworker.這個(gè)項(xiàng)目由一位經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的工人負(fù)責(zé)。attable在進(jìn)餐、吃飯時(shí)；atthetable在桌旁Heseldomtalksattable.吃飯時(shí)他很少說(shuō)話。Theysatatthetable,talkingandlaughing.他們坐在桌旁，邊說(shuō)邊笑。byday白天、日間；bytheday按日計(jì)Heworksinanofficebyday.他白天在辦公室工作。Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesgetpaidbytheday.大城市的清潔女工按日獲得報(bào)酬。takeplace發(fā)生、舉行；taketheplace（of）代替、接替Whendidthisconversationtakeplace?這次談話什么時(shí)候進(jìn)行的？Electrictrainshavenowtakentheplaceofsteamtrainsinourcountry.在我們國(guó)家，電力火車已經(jīng)取代了蒸汽火車。inwords用語(yǔ)言；inaword總之Pleaseexpressyourthoughtsinwords.請(qǐng)用言語(yǔ)表達(dá)你的想法。Inaword,Idon'ttrustyou.總之，我不相信你。attimes有時(shí)、不時(shí)；atatime一次Idofeelalittlenervousattimes.有時(shí)我確實(shí)感到有些緊張。Passmethebrickstwoatatime.每次遞給我兩塊磚。little少、不多的；alittle一些、一點(diǎn)兒Hurryup,thereislittletimeleft.快點(diǎn)，時(shí)間不多了。Don'thurry,youstillhavealittletime.不用急，你還有時(shí)間。few很少、幾乎沒(méi)有的；afew有些、幾個(gè)Heisamanoffewwords.他是一個(gè)少言寡語(yǔ)的人。Onlyafewofthechildrencanread.只有幾個(gè)孩子會(huì)閱讀。amostinteresting非常有趣的；themostinteresting最有趣的（形容詞的最高級(jí)）Thisisamostinterestingstory.這是一個(gè)非常有趣的故事。Thisisthemostinterestingstoryofthethree.這是三個(gè)故事中最有趣的一個(gè)。adoctorandnurse一位醫(yī)生兼護(hù)士；adoctorandanurse一位醫(yī)生和一位護(hù)士Adoctorandnurseisstandingthere.一位兼護(hù)士的醫(yī)生正站在那兒。Adoctorandanursearestandingthere.一位醫(yī)生和一位護(hù)士正站在那兒。anumberof許多、好些；thenumberof的數(shù)目（后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)）Anumberofstudentsareintheclassroom.許多學(xué)生在教室里。Thenumberofstudentsintheclassroomisforty.教室里有40個(gè)學(xué)生?？键c(diǎn)練透一、單句填空用適當(dāng)?shù)墓谠~填空，不需要的劃“/”?！猦ello,couldIspeaktoMr.Smith?—Sorry,wrongnumber.Thereisn'tMr.Smithhere.Iknowyoudon'tlikemusicverymuch.Butwhatdoyouthinkofmusicinthefilmwesawyesterday?—Iknockedovermycoffeecup.Itwentrightoverkeyboard.—Youshouldn'tputdrinksnearcomputer.Ofallreasonsformydecisiontobecomeauniversityprofessor,myfather'sadvicewasmostimportantone.AccordingtoWorldHealthOrganization,health-careplansareneededinallbigcitiestopreventspreadofAIDS.Forhimstageisjustmeansofmakingaliving.Ithinkifreallyhonorformetospeakhere.ThislabusedtobeinchargeofMr.Wang.IknowthereisMr.Smithnextdoor,whohasgoneonbusiness.Hedevotesmostofhistimetofootball.AndIamsurehepromisesexcellentfootballer.Don'tloseheart.Pleasehavesecondtry.Thosewhoarerichshouldhelppoor.Insomefactoriesworkersgetpaidbypiece.JohnisuniversitystudentfromEuropeancountry.Teachersplayactiveandimportantpartinbuildingupstudents'character.Zhangsliveonthesecondfloor.Itisknowntousallthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.Atowerisseenindistance.Incaseoffire,pleasepressredbutton.Shenzhenhaspopulationofmorethan10million.daysIspentwithMaryinShanghaiweresowonderful.Mybrotherwasborninspringof1990.Howsweetlyshesings!Ihaveneverheardbettervoice.BeijingissecondlargestcityinChina.MytriptoTibetwasreallyunforgettableexperience.二、語(yǔ)篇填空在括號(hào)中填入適當(dāng)?shù)墓谠~。Thereoncewasakingwhooffered1prizeto2artistwhowouldpaint3bestpictureofpeace.Manyartiststried.Thekinglookedatall4pictures.Buttherewereonlytwohereallyliked,andhehadtochoosebetweenthem.Onepicturewasofacalmlake.Thelakewasaperfectmirrorforpeacefulhighmountainsallaroundit.Overheadwasablueskywithfluffy（絨毛狀的）whiteclouds.Allwhosawthispicturethoughtitwas5perfectpictureofpeace.Theotherpicturehadmountains,too.Butthesewereruggedandbare.Abovewas6angrysky,fromwhichrainfellandinwhichlightningplayed.Down7sideofthemountaintumbled（翻騰）afoamingwaterfall.Thisdidnotlookpeacefulatall.Butwhenthekinglookedclosely,hesawbehind8waterfallatinybushgrowinginacrackintherock.Inthebush9motherbirdhadbuilthernest.There,inthemidstofthebushofangrywater,satthemotherbirdonhernest—inperfectpeace.Thekingchose10secondpicture.三、語(yǔ)法填空閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

MostofusknowabouttheNobelPrize,especiallytheNobelPeacePrize,butfewofusknowanythingaboutthemanwhosetthemup.HisnamewasAlfredNobel,1outstandingscientistandinventor.Besides,hehadabigbusiness2makingandsellingexplosives,whichmaysurpriseyou.Hiscompaniesevenmadeandsoldweapons.Isn'tthissomething3surprisesyou?ThemanwhomademoneyfromweaponsshouldsetupthePeacePrize?4AlfredNobelhadalotofmoneyfromweapons,hehatedwar.Hehopedthattherewouldbenowarintheworld.Hewasoneofthe5(rich)inEurope.Whenhediedin1896,heleftbehindhimalotofmoneyandhisfamouswill.Accordingtohiswill,mostofhismoneywasplacedinafund.Hewantedtheinterestfromthefundtobeusedasprizeseveryyear.Weknowthem6theNobelPrizes.TheNobelPrizesareinternational.AlfredNobelwantedthe7(win)tobechosenfortheirwork,notthecountry8camefrom.AlfredNobel9(give)hiswholelifetohisstudiesandworkandtothebenefitsofmankind.Hemademoneyallbyhisownefforts,10helefttheworldsharehiswealth.Hisinventionsandwealthstaywiththeworldforever.助讀詞匯explosive助讀詞匯explosiven.炸藥outstandingadj.杰出的willn.遺囑benefitn.利益setup設(shè)立；建立fundn.基金weaponn.武器interestn.利息；收益effortsn.努力leavebehind留下參考答案考點(diǎn)練透一、單句填空1.a2./;the3.the;a4.the;the5.the;the6.the;a7.an8.the9.a;/10./;an11.a12.the13.the14.a;a15.an16.The17./;/18.the19.the20.a21.The22.the23.a24.the25.