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初中英語(yǔ)虛擬語(yǔ)氣講解及練習(xí)英語(yǔ)中的語(yǔ)氣分為陳述語(yǔ)氣、祈使語(yǔ)氣、虛擬語(yǔ)氣三類(lèi)。虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的主觀(guān)愿望或假想,所說(shuō)的是一個(gè)條件,不一定是事實(shí),或與事實(shí)相反。條件句可分為兩類(lèi),一類(lèi)為真實(shí)條件句,一類(lèi)為非真實(shí)條件句。非真實(shí)條件句表示的是假設(shè)的或?qū)嶋H可能性不大的情況,故采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如果假設(shè)的情況可能發(fā)生,是真實(shí)條件句,這種情況下謂語(yǔ)用陳述語(yǔ)氣。如:Iftimepermits,we'llgofishingtogether.如果?時(shí)間允許,我們就一起去釣魚(yú)。如果假設(shè)的情況是不存在的或不大可能發(fā)生的,則是虛擬條件句。如:Ifyouhadcomeyesterday,youwouldhavemetthatfamousprofessor.如果?你昨天來(lái),你就會(huì)見(jiàn)到那位著名的教授了。(隱含的事實(shí)是:你昨天沒(méi)來(lái),也沒(méi)見(jiàn)到那位著名教授)。虛擬語(yǔ)氣的基本形式和用法在含有虛擬條件句的復(fù)合句中,主從句的謂語(yǔ)都要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。.含有條件狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句wish(wouldrather)+賓語(yǔ)從句suggest(…)+賓語(yǔ)從句.主語(yǔ)從句Itis+adj./p.p/n.+that+S+(shou⑹+do表語(yǔ)從句S+isthat+s+(should)+do同位語(yǔ)從句S+that+s+(should)+do.定語(yǔ)從句Itis(high)timethat+S+did用過(guò)去式表現(xiàn)在情況.時(shí)態(tài)后退型用過(guò)去完成式表過(guò)去兩種形式 用過(guò)去將來(lái)表將來(lái).should+動(dòng)詞原形型內(nèi)容詳述.含有條件狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句(以do為例5=主語(yǔ))時(shí)間條件狀語(yǔ)從句主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)If+S+did… S+would/should/could/might+d?!c過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)If+S+haddone…S+would/should/could/might+havedone…與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè) did…If+SshoulddoweretodoS+would/should/could/might+d?!⒁馐马?xiàng):1、倒裝句。如果1條件句中含有功能詞had,should,were時(shí),可以省去用把功能詞提前,構(gòu)成倒裝句。2、錯(cuò)綜條件句。若條件句和主句動(dòng)作不存在同一個(gè)時(shí)間,則謂語(yǔ)形式應(yīng)根據(jù)具體情況而定。3、Ifthereweren't/hadnotbeen+???=without…4、Ifitwerenotfor…/Ifithadn'tbeenfor-=butfor…5、otherwise+虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句子6、虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句子,but+陳述事實(shí)的句子.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在賓語(yǔ)從句中sb.did…(希望現(xiàn)在用過(guò)去式)wish+thatsb.haddone…(希望過(guò)去用過(guò)去完成灰)sb.would/shoulddo(希望將來(lái)用過(guò)去將來(lái))wouldrather后的從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。時(shí)間從句虛擬現(xiàn)在 were,did(動(dòng)詞一般過(guò)去式)虛擬過(guò)去 haddone虛擬將來(lái) did(動(dòng)詞一般過(guò)去式)例:IwouldratherIhadn’tsaidsuchunkindthingstoyou.(虛擬過(guò)去)I'dratheryoucameherefortheanswertomorrowmorning.(虛擬將來(lái))I’dratheryoupostedtheletterrightaway.(虛擬現(xiàn)在)suggest+(that)S+should+d?!硎驹竿?、建議、請(qǐng)求等主觀(guān)意向的動(dòng)詞之后的賓語(yǔ)從句,謂語(yǔ)用should+動(dòng)詞原形,should常常省略。這類(lèi)詞有:decide,demand,desire,insist,order,propose,suggest,recommend,requested,require等。注意:suggest當(dāng)“建議”講時(shí),其賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣;當(dāng)“暗示、表明”時(shí),用陳述語(yǔ)氣insist當(dāng)堅(jiān)持“看法或建議”時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣;當(dāng)堅(jiān)持“某個(gè)事實(shí)”時(shí),用陳述語(yǔ)氣。判斷改錯(cuò):(錯(cuò))Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyou(should)beill.(對(duì))Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyouareill.(錯(cuò))Iinsistedthatyou(should)bewrong.(對(duì))Iinsistedthatyouwerewrong.III.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在主語(yǔ)從Itisdemanded/necessary/apity+that…等結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)從句,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用should加動(dòng)詞原形,should可省略。Itis可用的詞有三類(lèi)that (should)dosuggested,ordered,required,proposed,demanded,requested,insisted等important,necessary,natural,imperative,strange等apity,ashame,nowonder等/、虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在同位語(yǔ)從句中。某些表示建議、請(qǐng)求、命令等主觀(guān)意向的名詞后同位語(yǔ)從句需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,其表達(dá)形式為(should)+動(dòng)詞原形。這類(lèi)名詞常見(jiàn)的有:advice,suggestion,proposal(提議),order,demand,desire,request,requirement,recommendation(推薦),plan,resolution(決議),idea等。eg.Weareallforyourproposalthatthediscussion(should)beputoff、V、虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在表語(yǔ)從句中。某些表示建議、請(qǐng)求、命令等主觀(guān)意向的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),表語(yǔ)從句需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,其表達(dá)形式為(should)+動(dòng)詞原形。這類(lèi)名詞常見(jiàn)的有:advice,suggestion,proposal,order,demand,desire,request,requirement,recommendation以及plan,idea,resolution等。eg.Mysuggestionisthatthemayor(should)presenttheprizes.VI、虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在定語(yǔ)從句中Itis(about/high)time+thatsb.didsth/shoulddosth..eg.Don'tyouthinkit'sabouttimewewenthome?注:在thisisthefirsttime/secondtimethat、、、句型中,從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用陳述語(yǔ)氣完成時(shí)態(tài)。eg.IsthisthefirsttimethatyouhavevisitedHongkong?VII.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在讓步、方式、目的狀語(yǔ)從句中1、在帶有evenif/eventhough引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句中,主句和從句都用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,動(dòng)詞形式與含有非真實(shí)條件句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣相同。如:Evenifhehadbeenill,hewouldhavegonetohisoffice.即使生了病,他倆去辦公室。2、由asif或asthough引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句表示比較或方式時(shí)。從句謂語(yǔ)形式為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式(be用were)或“had+過(guò)去分詞”。如:HetreatedmeasifIwereastranger.他那樣對(duì)待我,好像我是陌生人似的。Shetalkedaboutthefilmasifshehadreallyseenit,她談?wù)撃遣坑捌?,就好像她確實(shí)看過(guò)一樣。3、虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在lest(唯恐、免得),forfearthat及incase引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中。在由lest等引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示“以防,以免”等意思,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多由should+動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成,should也可省略。eg.Hewaspunishedlestheshouldmakethesamemistakeagain、丫^虛擬語(yǔ)氣用情感語(yǔ)言中1、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在表示客氣、遺憾以及祝愿等場(chǎng)合中,使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。eg.Youshouldn'thavebeenfollowinghimsoclosely;youshouldhavekeptyourdistance、2、Ifonlysb./sth.+時(shí)態(tài)后退型的謂語(yǔ)eg.IfonlyIhadknowntheresultoftheexamination.IX.虛擬語(yǔ)氣的特殊用法:.清掉if的條件從句結(jié)構(gòu):Hadyouaskedme,Iwouldhavetoldyou.(=Ifyouhadaskedme,…).有時(shí)虛擬條件不用條件從句而用不定式、分詞、介詞、名詞、連接詞或定語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表示,如:Atruefriendwouldnotdosuchathing.(=Ifhewereatruefriend,hewould...).有時(shí)條件從句中的動(dòng)作和結(jié)果從句中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致,如:Ifhehadfollowedthedoctor,sadvice,hewouldbequiteallrightnow.IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonehome.虛擬語(yǔ)氣練習(xí)題:Ifyouwereoldenough,Iyoutogothereyesterday.A.willallowB.shouldallowC.wouldhaveallowedD.hadallowedThesecretarysuggestedthattheythemeninatonce.A.hadbrought B.shouldhavebrought C.broughtD.bringIyou,Iwouldgowithhimtotheparty.A.Was B.Hadbeen C.Willbe D.WereItisstrangethatsuchathinginyourclass.A.willhappenB.happensC.shouldhappenD.happenedHowIwishItorepairthewatch!Ionlymadeitworse.A.hadtried B.hadn'ttried C.havetried D.didn'ttryIfhetotheteacherattentively,hetheanswertotheproblemnow.A.hadlistened,wouldhaveknownB.listened,wouldknowC.listened,wouldhaveknownD.hadlistened,wouldknowIwasbusyyesterday,otherwiseIyourbirthdayparty.A.attended B.hadattendedC.wouldattendD.wouldhaveattendedIfonlyIhowtooperateanelectroniccomputerasyoudo.A.hadknown B.wouldknow C.shouldknowD.knewThetwostrangerstalksasiftheyfriendsforyears.A.were B.wouldbe C.havebeen D.hadbeenItishightimeweupourresults.A.sum B.summed C.willsum D.wouldsum11ThelibrarianinsiststhatJohnnomorebooksfromthelibrarybeforehereturnsallthebookshehadborrowed.A.willtake B.took C.take D.takesButfortheguidanceofourinstructor(導(dǎo)師),weintheexperiment.A.shouldn,tsucceed B.couldnothavesucceededC.willnotsucceed D.shouldnothavesucceededIt’sabouttimepeoplenoticeofwhatwomendidduringthewar.A.takeB.tookC.havetakenD.willtakeShecouldn'thaveansweredthequestionifsheafewbooksonworldhistory.A.hadn’treadB.hasn’treadC.wouldn’treadD.didn’treadIsn’titabouttimethatyoutopickupthevisitorsfromNewYork?A.hadgoneB.shouldgoC.go D.willgoTheyoungmaninsistedthathenothingwrongandfreeimmediately.A.did;setB.haddone;shouldbesetC.do;besetD.haddone;mustbesetYouradvicethattillnextweekisreasonable.A.shewaits B.shewait C.waitshe D.shewaitedItwasessentialthatwelease(條約、合同)beforetheendofthemonth.A.sign B.signed C.hadsignedD.weresigning
IwishthatIwithyoulastnight.A.went B.havegone C.couldgo D.couldhavegoneHespeaksChinesesofluentlyasifheaChinese.A.were B.hadbeen C.is D.hasbeenawayforages.D.hadbeenTOC\o"1-5"\h\zLookingroundthetown,hefeltasthoughheA.hasbeen B.was C.isawayforages.D.hadbeenItisimportantthattheTOEFLofficeyourregistration.A.willconfirm B.confirm C.confirms D.mustconfirmIfIhadseenthemovie,Iyouallaboutitnow.A.wouldtell B.willtell C.havetold D.wouldhavetoldIhadhopedthatJohnayearinAfrica,buthestayedthereonlyforthreemonths.A.spends B.spent C.wouldspend D.willspendI’dratheryouanythingaboutitforthetimebeing.A.do B.didn’tdo C.don’t D.didn’tEverybodyhasarrived.It’stimewe theclass.A.shallstartB.wouldstart C.hadstartedD.shouldstarttheEnglishexaminationIwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastSundayA.Inspiteof B.Butfor C.Becauseof D.AsforWhenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit.A.breaks B.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken29.Shecouldn’thaveansweredthequestionifsheafewbooksonworldhistory.A.hadn’tread B.hasn’tread C.wouldn’tread D.didn’treadThesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest,soitseemsasifthesunroundtheearth.A.werecircling B.circles C.iscircling D.becirclingthefog,weshouldhavereachedourdestination.A.BecauseofB.InspiteofC.IncaseofD.ButforButfortheguidanceofourinstructor(導(dǎo)師),we_ __intheexperiment.A.shouldn’tsucceed B.couldnothavesucceedC.willnotsucceed D.shouldnothavesucceededTheLawrequiresthateveryone hiscarcheckedatleastonceayear.A.has B.had Cwillhave D.haveIrecommendedthatthestudent hiscompositionassoonaspossible.A.finishingwritingB.shouldfinishthewritingC.finishwritingD.finishedwritingIwouldhavecalledyouupforhelphaditbeenpossible,butIyourphonenumberthen.A.hadn’thadB.didn’thave C.shouldn’thave D.couldn’thaveWithoutelectricityhumanlifequitedifferenttoday.A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe37.IwishIyouyesterday.A.seenB.didseeC.hadseenD.weretosee.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,youallrightnow.A.are B.were C.wouldbeD.wouldhavebeen.today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.A.WouldheleaveB.WasheleavingC.WerehetoleaveD.Ifheleave.HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhethereA.hadbeen B.hasbeenC.was D.been.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater.Itlooksasifit.A.breaks B.hadbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroke
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