《名師一號(hào)》新課標(biāo)2011高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)Module4SandstormsinAsia課件外研版必修3

Module4SandstormsinAsia1共124頁基礎(chǔ)自主回顧Ⅰ.課標(biāo)單詞1．__________大量的；大規(guī)模的(adj.)2．__________戰(zhàn)役；活動(dòng)(n.)3．__________進(jìn)程；過程(n.)4．__________預(yù)報(bào)；預(yù)告(vt.)5．__________重新利用；再循環(huán)(v.)masscampaignprocessforecastrecycle2共124頁6．__________根據(jù)；證明(n.)7．__________緊急的(adj.)8．__________污染(vt.)9．__________恐怖的；嚇人的(adj.)10．__________絕對(duì)地；完全地(adv.)11．__________嚇人的；可怕的(adj.)→__________嚇唬；使害怕(vt.)→__________恐懼；害怕(n.)evidenceurgentpollutescaryabsolutelyfrighteningfrightenfright3共124頁12．__________力量；力氣(n.)→__________加強(qiáng)(v.)→__________強(qiáng)壯的(adj.)13．__________化學(xué)藥品(n.)化學(xué)的(adj.)→__________化學(xué)(n.)14．__________關(guān)心的；擔(dān)心的(adj.)→__________關(guān)心(n.)15．__________主要的；多數(shù)的(adj.)→__________大多數(shù)(n.)16．__________抱怨；發(fā)牢騷(vi.)→__________抱怨(n.)17．__________保護(hù)(n.)→__________(v.)strengthstrengthenstrongchemicalchemistryconcernedconcernmajormajoritycomplaincomplaintprotectionprotect4共124頁Ⅱ.常用短語1．____________遇上；趕上2．____________砍倒3．___________________只有做……4．_________________________阻止某人做……5．_________________埋怨；抱怨6．____________理解；欺騙；吸收plainof/abouttakein5共124頁7．_______________________認(rèn)真考慮8．________________概括地說9．___________________________為……擔(dān)心10．____________________放出；發(fā)出11．_______________________挖出12．_____________________瀏覽，仔細(xì)檢查13．________________清楚地意識(shí)到thinkseriouslyaboutinanutshellbeconcernedabout/overgiveoutdiguplookthroughwakeupto6共124頁Ⅲ.重點(diǎn)句型1．Thestormssometimescontinuealldayandtrafficmovesveryslowlybecausethethickdust________________.暴風(fēng)有時(shí)持續(xù)一整天，車輛開得很慢，因?yàn)闈鉂獾膲m埃降低了能見度。答案：makesitdifficulttosee7共124頁2．To________it________nearer,thegovernmentisplantingtrees.為了阻止它來得更近，政府正在植樹。答案：prevent;coming3．Thegarbageisthentakenawayand,________，recycled.然后垃圾被帶走，如果可能的話會(huì)進(jìn)行回收利用。答案：ifpossible8共124頁4．____________________sevenideas,askanotherpairtohelpyou.若你很難找到七種想法，就讓別的小組幫幫你。答案：Ifyouhavedifficultyinfinding9共124頁Ⅳ.模塊語法1．Lindawasverysorryforbeinglate.Buttheteacher'ssmilemadeher________better.A.feelB.tofeelC.fall D.tofall答案：A10共124頁2．Heisoftenlistened________Englishsongs,butthistimewehadhim________Russiansongs.A.tosing;singB.tosing;tosingC.sing;tosingD.sing;sing答案：A11共124頁3．I'msorryIcan'thelp________theflowers,becauseI'mbusypreparingforthesingingcompetition________tomorrow.A.watering;tobeheldB.water;beingheldC.towater;heldD.water;tobeheld答案：D12共124頁4．Charlesdidwhathecould________theservant,althoughhehimselfwasindanger.A.rescue B.torescueC.rescued D.rescuing答案：B13共124頁5．Isthisthewatchyouwish________？A.tohaverepaired B.torepairitC.tohaveitrepaired D.tohaverepairedit答案：A14共124頁6．Mymothercoulddonothingbut________athome.A.tobestaying B.tostayC.tostaying D.stay答案：D15共124頁考點(diǎn)探究解密考點(diǎn)解讀1．mass①n.團(tuán)，塊，堆；大量，許多②adj.大批的，大量的，廣泛的③vt.&vi.集結(jié)；聚集16共124頁知識(shí)鏈接：下列短語都有“許多的，大量的”之意，可修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞：lotsof＝alotofquantitiesof＝aquantityofvarietiesof＝avarietyofcollectionsof＝acollectionofsuppliesof＝a(good)supplyofplentyof17共124頁以下短語僅修飾可數(shù)名詞：numbersof＝anumberof,manya,agood/greatmany,quiteafew以下短語僅修飾不可數(shù)名詞：agreatdealof,anamountof,quitealittle誤區(qū)警示：massesof可用來修飾可數(shù)名詞，也可用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞。18共124頁朗文在線：amassofsnow一堆積雪Theskywasfullofdarkmassesofclouds.天空烏云密布。massproduction批量生產(chǎn)weaponsofmassdestruction大規(guī)模殺傷性武器Darkcloudsmassedonthehorizon.天空烏云密布。命題方向：考題中常考查表示數(shù)量的詞的辨析。19共124頁活學(xué)巧練：Hehas________letterstoanswer.Hehastoworkfrommorningtonight.A．muchB．a(chǎn)greatdealofC．massesofD．thenumberof答案與解析：Cletters為可數(shù)名詞，排除A、B項(xiàng)。D項(xiàng)應(yīng)為anumberof，故只有C項(xiàng)正確。20共124頁2．concernedadj.關(guān)心的；有關(guān)的(常用于名詞之后)；掛念的；擔(dān)心的精講拓展：①concerningprep.關(guān)于②beconcernedinsth.涉及③beconcernedwithsth.關(guān)于；有關(guān)21共124頁④so/asfarassth./sb.beconcerned據(jù)……所知⑤havenoconcernfor毫不關(guān)心⑥havenoconcernwith和……毫無關(guān)系⑦concernvt.涉及，關(guān)系到n.(利害)關(guān)系，關(guān)心⑧bemuchconcernedabout十分掛念；擔(dān)心；焦慮誤區(qū)警示：concerned表示“關(guān)心的，有關(guān)的”時(shí)常作后置定語或表語。22共124頁朗文在線：①Theaffairisgreatlyregrettedbyeveryoneconcerned.所有相關(guān)人士都對(duì)此事感到極為遺憾。②Everyoneconcernedintheincidentwasquestionedbythepolice.所有與這起事件有關(guān)的人都受到了警方的盤問。③Thisarticleconcernsamanwhowaswronglyimprisoned.這篇文章寫的是一個(gè)被冤枉而入獄的人。23共124頁命題方向：concerning，as/sofarassb./sth.beconcerned是重要考點(diǎn)?；顚W(xué)巧練：Heheardnothing________thismatter.A．concernedB．concerningC．concernsD．connecting答案與解析：Bconcerningprep.關(guān)于。句意：他沒有聽到任何關(guān)于這件事的消息。24共124頁3．complainv．抱怨，悲嘆，控訴精講拓展：①complainabout/of...抱怨……②complainthat...抱怨……③complaintosb.向某人投訴④can'tcomplain[口]還算好(雖然有些問題，但總體上比較滿意)⑤complaintn．訴苦，抱怨，牢騷25共124頁誤區(qū)警示：complain若接名詞作賓語時(shí)需接介詞about或of，也可直接跟從句。26共124頁朗文在線：①Sheoftencomplainsaboutnotfeelingappreciatedatwork.她因?yàn)楦械阶约涸诠ぷ魃喜皇苜p識(shí)而常發(fā)牢騷。②Peoplecomplainthattheydon'tgetenoughimformation.人們抱怨得不到足夠的信息。③Oldageiscreepingup，butIcan'tcomplain.暮年將至，但我覺得還好。27共124頁命題方向：complainabout/of短語是重要考點(diǎn)。活學(xué)巧練：Shealwaysmakessome________overshortagesandhighprices.A．dislikesB．complaintsC．troublesD．discontents答案與解析：Bmakecomplaintsoversth. “抱怨某事”；dislikes“厭惡”；troubles“煩惱，困苦”；discontent為不可數(shù)名詞，不可加s，意為“不滿”。28共124頁4．urgentadj.緊急的，迫切的；非常重要的Theywereurgentintheirdemand.他們的要求很迫切。Shewasurgentforthedoctortocome.她急切地催促醫(yī)生來。29共124頁精講拓展：①urgevt.推進(jìn)，極力主張；催促，激勵(lì)②urgencyn．緊急，迫切③urgesb.todo...敦促某人做……④odoing...敦促某人做……⑤urgesb.against強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)⑥urgeonsb.向某人強(qiáng)調(diào)⑦beinurgentneedof急需30共124頁誤區(qū)警示：urge后的賓語從句應(yīng)用shoulddo的形式?；顚W(xué)巧練：Thedoctor________anX－raytest,andthen,hecouldmakeaconclusion.A．urgedmetohave B．urgedmehavingC．urgedagainst D．urgedonme答案與解析：Aurgesb.todosth.“極力要求某人做某事”。31共124頁5．evidencen．根據(jù)，證明Thereisevidencethatsomebodyhasbeenlivinghere.①obviousapparentevidentadj.明白的，明顯的32共124頁②evidentlyadv.明顯，顯然③beinevidence明顯，顯而易見④ontheevidenceofsth.用某事物作為證據(jù)⑤have/showevidenceof有……的跡象⑥Itisevidentthat很明顯……33共124頁注意：①evidence指有助于證明某事確實(shí)存在的任何事物，或與法律訴訟有關(guān)的物證，見證。②proof指直接證明某事是事實(shí)的根據(jù)。③witness親眼見過某事的證人或提供的見證。誤區(qū)警示：evidence是不可數(shù)名詞。34共124頁活學(xué)巧練：(1)Theapplausemadeit________(明顯的)thattheplaywasahit.(2)Asmilegives__________(證明，證據(jù))ofherconsent.(3)Willyouactas________(見證人)totheagreementbetweenus?(4)________(顯然)shewillbeelected.evidentevidencewitnessEvidently35共124頁6．strengthn．體力，力氣；意志力；強(qiáng)點(diǎn)；堅(jiān)強(qiáng)精講拓展：①havethestrengthtodo有做……的力氣/意志力②withallone'sstrength用盡全身的力氣③strengthofcharacter性格的堅(jiān)強(qiáng)④positionofstrength(尤指在討論中的)優(yōu)勢(shì)地位⑤instrength大批地，大量地36共124頁誤區(qū)警示：strength表示“體力；力氣；意志力；堅(jiān)強(qiáng)”時(shí)，為不可數(shù)名詞；但表示“強(qiáng)點(diǎn)，優(yōu)勢(shì)，長(zhǎng)處”時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞。朗文在線：①Idon'thavethestrengthtoclimbanyfurther.我沒有力氣再往上爬了。②Wheredidyoufindthestrengthtokeeptrying?你不斷進(jìn)行嘗試的意志力是從哪兒來的？③Thegreatstrengthofourplanliesinitssimplicity.我們這個(gè)計(jì)劃的最大長(zhǎng)處在于它的簡(jiǎn)單。37共124頁詞語辨析：strength，force，power與energy①strength著重指人的體力或堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的意志力。②force指物理學(xué)上的“力”也指為做某事而使用的力量，還可指武力。③power指能力、權(quán)力、著重行動(dòng)所根據(jù)的能力、本領(lǐng)或職權(quán)。④energy主要指人的精力，或自然界中物理學(xué)定義中的“能，能量”。命題方向：strength常與force,power等以詞語辯析題的形式出現(xiàn)在高考中。38共124頁活學(xué)巧練：Billwasdoingalotofphysicalexercisetobuilduphis__________.A．a(chǎn)bilityB．forceC．strengthD．mind答案與解析：C“訓(xùn)練是為了增強(qiáng)體力”。39共124頁7．cutdown砍倒，削減，駁倒，改小或縮短(衣服)Manybigtreesalongtheroadhavebeencutdownforbuildinghouses.①cutout剪除；切掉；割掉②cutup切碎；使傷心③cutoff切斷，停掉，隔絕④cutacross/through抄近路穿過⑤cutin插入，插嘴⑥cutopen切開或破開某物40共124頁誤區(qū)警示：cutup與cutdown并非是反義詞組，且cutin與cutout也不是反義詞組。朗文在線：①Yousmoketoomuch—youshouldtrytocutdown.你抽煙太兇了，該少抽點(diǎn)。②Mydoctor'stoldmetocutdownoncarbohydrates.我的醫(yī)生告訴我要減少碳水化合物的攝入量。命題方向：cutdown常與cutin，cutout，cutup以詞語辨析的形式出現(xiàn)。41共124頁活學(xué)巧練：(1)Intheend,I__________thedealer__________(把……降低)byanother$5.00.(2)Thetailoris_______________(改小)mydress.(3)Iwas__________(斷線)onmylinetoLondon.(4)__________(切碎)thecarrotsbeforeyouputthemintothepot.(5)Hebroughtaknifeand__________thebox__________(割開)．cutdowncuttingdowncutoffCutupcutopen42共124頁8．giveout發(fā)生(光、熱、聲音、氣體等)；分發(fā)，發(fā)布；公布；耗盡；用完，用盡精講拓展：①giveaway背棄，出賣，泄露(秘密)，暴露②giveback歸還；送回；報(bào)復(fù)③giveover中止，停止做；交給/付，移交④giveforth發(fā)/放出(聲音、氣味等)；發(fā)表，公布⑤givein(to)屈服，投降，退讓43共124頁⑥giveoff(散)發(fā)出(蒸氣)，發(fā)散(光線)⑦giveup放棄，停/中止；讓/交給；投降，認(rèn)輸，泄氣⑧giveriseto引起，使發(fā)生；造成⑨giveway讓路，讓步⑩givewayto給……讓路/讓步；被……代替誤區(qū)警示：表示“用光，用盡”時(shí)，giveout,runout是不及物動(dòng)詞短語，不可用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，也不接賓語。useup,runoutof是及物動(dòng)詞短語，可接賓語。44共124頁朗文在線：①Studentsweregivingoutleafletstoeveryoneonthestreet.學(xué)生們?cè)谙蚪稚纤械娜朔职l(fā)傳單。②Itwasgivenoutthattheprimeministerwastoundergominorsurgery.據(jù)宣布，首相將要接受小手術(shù)。③Mymoneybegantogiveout.我的錢快要用光了。45共124頁命題方向：giveout常與give構(gòu)成的其他短語以詞語辨析題的形式出現(xiàn)?；顚W(xué)巧練：(2010·武漢二月調(diào)研)Ithinkweshould________alltheseoldtoystothelocalchildrenhospital.A．giveoutB．giveinC．giveupD．giveaway答案與解析：Dgiveaway“贈(zèng)送”。giveout“分發(fā)，發(fā)出”；givein“屈服，讓步”；giveup“放棄”。46共124頁9．ifpossible如果可能的話精講拓展：①固定短語，意義“如果可能的話”，常在句中作插入語，起補(bǔ)充說明的作用。②ifpossible是ifitispossible的省略形式。在if,when，while,once，whether,unless等引導(dǎo)的從句中如果含有系動(dòng)詞be的某種形式，從句的主語與主句主語一致或從句的主語是it時(shí)，從句的主語和系動(dòng)詞be可以省略。47共124頁③if引導(dǎo)省略的情況有下列幾種：ifany如果有的話ifnecessary需要的話ifso如果是這樣的話ifever如果曾經(jīng)有的話ifnot不這樣的話48共124頁誤區(qū)警示：if,when,while后接分詞結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，若與主句主語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系用－ing形式，若是被動(dòng)關(guān)系用過去分詞形式。49共124頁朗文在線：①Ithinkthere'satrainatmidday.Ifnot,you'llhavetowaittill1230.我想正午會(huì)有一班火車。要是沒有，你只好等到12點(diǎn)半了。②Idon'tsupposetherewillbemorethanadozenleft，ifany.我認(rèn)為即使還有的話也不會(huì)超過十幾個(gè)。③Iwanttoavoidtherushhourtrafficifpossible.如果可能的話，我想避開交通高峰期。命題方向：if引導(dǎo)省略的情況是高考的重要考點(diǎn)。50共124頁活學(xué)巧練：翻譯(1)不要把垃圾扔掉了，如果可能的話，回收利用。_______________________________________________(2)如果有必要讓湯姆幫你一把。_______________________________________________(3)準(zhǔn)備好了嗎？要不我就自己去了。_______________________________________________(4)年輕時(shí)努力工作，否則你會(huì)后悔的。_______________________________________________Don'tthrowawaythegarbage,ifpossible，recycle.AskTomtogiveyouahandifnecessary.Areyouready?Ifnot，I'mgoingwithoutyou.Workhardwhenyoung，oryou'llregret.51共124頁10．Icouldn'tagreewithyoumore.我再同意你的觀點(diǎn)不過了。(1)表示同意的表達(dá)法常見的有：Certainly./Sure./Ofcourse.當(dāng)然可以。Noproblem.沒問題。Yes，please，可以，請(qǐng)(做)吧。Yes，Ithinkso.對(duì)，我認(rèn)為是這樣。Allright./OK.行，可以。52共124頁That'sagoodidea!是個(gè)好主意。It'sagoodideathatwestartatonce.我們馬上出發(fā)是個(gè)好主意。Iagree(withyou)．我同意(你的意見)。Iagreetoyourplan.我同意你的計(jì)劃。Exactly.正是。That'scorrect.正確。Yes，Ithinkso.是的，我也是這么想的。53共124頁(2)表示不同意的看法的表達(dá)法常見的有：Noway.沒門。Ofcoursenot.當(dāng)然不。Idon'tagree.我不同意。Idon'tthinkso.我不這么想。I'mafraidnot.恐怕不是。I'mafraidI(really)can'tagreewithyou.恐怕我(實(shí)在)不能同意你的看法。54共124頁活學(xué)巧練：—Whynothaveanewmachinedesigned?—________.I'llhavesomeonedoitsoon.A．Idon'tthinksoB．I'mnotsureC．It'suptoyouD．Soundslikeagoodidea答案與解析：DWhynot提出建議，用來表示贊同的答語。55共124頁11．動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式在句中可起名詞、形容詞和副詞的作用，因此在句中可作主語、賓語、表語、狀語、補(bǔ)語。(1)不定式作主語，主要表示具體動(dòng)作，即在某時(shí)某地要做的動(dòng)作，有時(shí)也可像doing形式作主語一樣，表示泛指。(2)有些動(dòng)詞后只能跟不定式形式作賓語：afford,promise,refuse,expect,hope,learn,offer,wish,fail,plan,agree,decide,manage,arrange,determine,desire等。下列動(dòng)詞后可接疑問詞＋不定式：teach,decide,wonder,show,learn,forget,ask,findout,advise,discuss等。56共124頁(3)作復(fù)合謂語的一部分①用于besaid/reported/known等＋不定式結(jié)構(gòu)②用于seem/appear/prove/tend等＋不定式結(jié)構(gòu)③用于belikely/certain/sure＋不定式結(jié)構(gòu)57共124頁(4)作賓語補(bǔ)足語不定式作賓補(bǔ)與賓語之間在邏輯上含主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式用主動(dòng)式。有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式則用被動(dòng)式。①可以接帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：ask,tell,order,command,beg,request,require,invite,force,cause,forbid,get,allow,permit,wish,want,expect,encourage,advise,persuade,warn,wouldlike,waitfor,longfor,planfor(安排)等。注意：hope,demand,suggest，agree之后不接不定式作賓補(bǔ)。58共124頁②在think,consider,believe,suppose,know,feel,find,understand,declare等動(dòng)詞后常接tobe＋形容詞結(jié)構(gòu)作賓補(bǔ)，但是在considersb./sth.tobeadj./n.中的tobe可以省略。③能接省略to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：see,hear,listento,watch,notice,lookat,feel,observe等感官動(dòng)詞以及使役動(dòng)詞make,let,have。但當(dāng)上述動(dòng)詞用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，其后要帶上to。59共124頁(5)作定語不定式能作后置定語，但不能作前置定語。它與被修飾的名詞或代詞在邏輯上既可是主謂關(guān)系，也可是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，還可以表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式等。不定式作定語，常用來表示將來的動(dòng)作或含情態(tài)意味的動(dòng)作。被修飾的名詞之前如有序數(shù)詞，則通常用不定式作后置定語。60共124頁①不定式作定語通常放在名詞或代詞之后。②作定語的不定式如為不及物動(dòng)詞，且與前面的名詞或代詞在邏輯上含動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，此時(shí)不定式之后要加上相應(yīng)的介詞。③不定式作定語，如與其前名詞或代詞在邏輯上含動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，則不定式通常需用被動(dòng)式；但如果不定式既與其前某一名詞或代詞在邏輯上含動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，又與其前另一名詞或代詞在邏輯上含有主謂關(guān)系，則不定式用主動(dòng)式。Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisveryimportant.明天要舉行的會(huì)議很重要。61共124頁(6)作狀語不定式可以作目的狀語、結(jié)果狀語及原因狀語和方式狀語。①在下列句式中作結(jié)果狀語：too...todo,so...astodo...,such...todo,enoughtodo...,cometodo...(逐漸……)，onlytodo...②在下列句式中作目的狀語：soastodo...,inordertodo...62共124頁③在表示人的“情緒”的形容詞之后作原因狀語：sb.beglad/surprised/pleased/happy/sorry/disappointed等＋todo...④在下列形容詞之后作方式狀語：becomfortabletolivein,beeasytodealwith,befittodrink,bedifficulttounderstand注意：在這種句式中，即當(dāng)不定式位于表語形容詞之后時(shí)，盡管不定式與其前某一名詞或代詞在邏輯上含動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，但不定式只用主動(dòng)式，而不用被動(dòng)式。63共124頁(7)不定式的完成式①表示不定式中動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的動(dòng)作先于主句的謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)出的動(dòng)作。Thenovelwassaidtohavebeenpublished.據(jù)說那部小說已出版了。64共124頁seem,appear,besaid,besupposed,bebelieved,bethought,beknown,bereported等動(dòng)詞常用于上面句型。此外，glad,happy,satisfied,sorry,surprised,disappointed后也接完成式，但要注意與一般式的區(qū)別。I'msorrytokeepyouwaitingforaminute.對(duì)不起，請(qǐng)稍等。(說話時(shí)還未等)I'msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.對(duì)不起，讓你久等了。(說話時(shí)已等了很久)65共124頁②不定式的完成式還可表示“過去本想做某事但未做”的虛擬語氣。a．shouldliketo/wouldliketo/wouldloveto＋不定式的完成式。b．was/wereto＋不定式的完成式，表示“該做某事或想做但未實(shí)現(xiàn)”。c．expect/hope/mean/promise/suppose/think/want/wish/intend/plan＋不定式的完成式，表示“過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望”。66共124頁(8)不定式的省略①同一結(jié)構(gòu)并列，由and或or連接。Iwanttofinishmyhomeworkandgohome.我想完成作業(yè)后回家。I'mreallypuzzledwhattothinkorsay.我非常困惑，不知該想什么或說什么。特例：Tobeornottobe,thisisaquestion.生存還是滅亡，這是個(gè)問題。Itisbettertolaughthantocry.(表示對(duì)比)笑比哭好。67共124頁②不定式作表語，其前面的主語從句中含有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，后面的to省略。Whathedidwaslosethegame.他能做的只有放棄比賽。③句中含有動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，but,except,besides,suchas等后面to可省略。即“前有do，后省略to”。Don'tdoanythingsilly,suchasmarryhim.不要做像嫁給他這樣的傻事。68共124頁④主句含有不定式，后面有ratherthan,ratherthan后省略to。⑤Whynot,hadbetter,wouldrather,can'tbut等詞后省略to。Hecouldnotbutwalkhome.他沒有別的選擇，只好步行回家。69共124頁(9)不定式的替代多用在同一句或聯(lián)系緊密的對(duì)話中，為了避免重復(fù)，作賓語或主補(bǔ)，賓補(bǔ)的不定式再次出現(xiàn)時(shí)，to后的內(nèi)容常承前省略(只保留to即可)。但如果承前省略的不定式有助動(dòng)詞have或be任何形式，后應(yīng)該保留原形be或have。Susanisnotwhatsheusedtobe.蘇珊是跟以前不一樣了。70共124頁—Youcamelatelastnight.Yououghttohavefinishedyourhomework.—IknowIoughttohave.—昨晚你來晚了。你本應(yīng)該完成你的作業(yè)?！抑牢覒?yīng)該完成。常見的有：I'dlike/love/behappyto。71共124頁注意：非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法是高中階段的又一個(gè)難點(diǎn)，內(nèi)容較多，但一定要掌握這樣幾方面：一是非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式，包括一般式和完成式及其它們的被動(dòng)形式和否定形式；二是非謂語動(dòng)詞所能充當(dāng)?shù)某煞帧Ｔ谄綍r(shí)閱讀和練習(xí)中要注意體會(huì)它們?cè)谡Z境中的用法。72共124頁語法：but＋不定式(1)在．..nothingbut...結(jié)構(gòu)中，若but前有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do,but后的動(dòng)詞要用原形；若but前沒有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do,but后要用todo不定式。(2)在can'tbut...(禁不住……，情不自禁……)和can'thelp/choosebut...(只能……)結(jié)構(gòu)中，but后要用動(dòng)詞原形。73共124頁活學(xué)巧練：(1)(2007·遼寧)ThecrowdcheeredwildlyatthesightofLiuXiang,whowasreported________theworldrecordinthe110－meterhurdlerace.A.breakingB.havingbrokenC.tohavebrokenD.tobreak答案：C74共124頁(2)Ithinkyou'llgrow________himwhenyouknowhimbetter.A.likingB.tobelikeC.tolikeD.tobeliking答案：C75共124頁(3)AIDSissaid________thebiggesthealthchallengetobothmenandwomeninthatareaoverthepastfewyears.A.thatitis B.tobeC.thatithasbeenD.tohavebeen答案：D76共124頁(4)Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly________thatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told答案：B77共124頁(5)—IsBobstillperforming?—I'mafraidnot.Heissaid__________thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.A.tohaveleftB.toleaveC.tohavebeenleftD.tobeleft答案：A78共124頁考題演練1.Weareinvitedtoaparty________inourclubnextFriday.A.tobeheld B.heldC.beingheld D.holding答案與解析：A本題考查不定式短語作后置定語。解答這類題時(shí)，一定要弄清非謂語動(dòng)詞和被修飾詞之間的邏輯關(guān)系。party和hold之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，由句中的時(shí)間狀語nextFriday可知應(yīng)用表示將來的不定式短語tobeheld作后置定語。79共124頁2．—HowcanIapplyforanonlinecourse?—Justfilloutthisformandwe________whatwecandoforyou.A.see B.areseeingC.haveseen D.willsee答案與解析：D本題考查“祈使句＋and＋簡(jiǎn)單句”結(jié)構(gòu)，此結(jié)構(gòu)中的祈使句相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件句，and后的分句一般用將來時(shí)態(tài)。80共124頁3．________theprojectintime,thestaffwereworkingatweekends.A.Completing B.HavingcompletedC.Tohavecompleted D.Tocomplete答案與解析：D本題考查動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式作狀語。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，判斷空格處在句中所作成分，然后再作出選擇。Tocompletetheprojectintime為動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語。A項(xiàng)表示正在進(jìn)行；B項(xiàng)表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主語謂語之前，兩者均不符合句意；C項(xiàng)常用在某些固定句式中。句意：為了按時(shí)完成工程，全體員工周末都在上班。81共124頁4．—Couldyoubesokindastoclosethewindow?—________.A.Withpleasure B.GoaheadC.Yes,please D.That'sOK答案與解析：A本題考查情景交際。學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)中要多讀、多背，仔細(xì)揣摩東西方文化之間的差異，避免受漢語習(xí)慣的影響。問句句意：你能幫忙關(guān)上窗子嗎？withpleasure十分樂意，用于回答別人的請(qǐng)求，符合題意；goahead前進(jìn)；干吧；走吧；說吧；Yes,please和問句自相矛盾；That'sOK行，好吧，均不合題意。82共124頁5．Allthedishesinthismenu,________otherwisestated,willservetwotothreepeople.A.as B.ifC.though D.unless答案與解析：D本題考查連詞。應(yīng)正確把握各個(gè)連詞的意義及用法。句意為：除非有特別的說明，要不然這個(gè)菜單上的所有菜只供2～3人食用。unless“如果不……，除非……”，符合句意。83共124頁6．Hesaidthatveryclearlysothatnobodywasinany________aboutwhatwasmeant.A.doubt B.caseC.question D.wonder答案與解析：A句意：他說的很明確了，因此沒有人對(duì)他的意思表示懷疑。doubt懷疑；case情況；question問題，疑問；wonder驚訝，奇跡。84共124頁7．—I'mstillworkingonmyproject.—Oh,you'llmissthedeadline.Timeis________.A.runningout B.goingoutC.givingout D.losingout答案與解析：A本題考查動(dòng)詞短語的意義辨析。runout(時(shí)間、金錢等的)耗盡；giveout意為“精疲力竭”，由句意可知A項(xiàng)正確。85共124頁8．—Didthebookgivetheinformationyouneeded?—Yes.But________it,Ihadtoreadtheentirebook.A.tofind B.findC.tobefinding D.finding答案與解析：A本題考查動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語?？崭裉幩诘木渥泳湟鉃椋菏堑模菫榱苏业剿?，我不得不閱讀了整本書。表示目的要用動(dòng)詞不定式形式。由于不表示正在進(jìn)行，故不用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。86共124頁9．(2008·安徽)—Haveyougotanyparticularplansforthecomingholiday?—Yes.__________，I'mgoingtovisitsomehomesfortheoldinthecity.A．Ifever B．IfbusyC．Ifanything D．Ifpossible答案與解析：D句意：“對(duì)于即將到來的假期你有什么特別的計(jì)劃嗎？”“有。如果可能的話，我打算拜訪一下城市里的一些敬老院?！盇項(xiàng)“如果曾經(jīng)有的話”；B項(xiàng)“如果忙的話”；C項(xiàng)不是固定結(jié)構(gòu)；D項(xiàng)“如果可能的話”。87共124頁Module4SandstormsinAsia88共124頁Ⅰ.根據(jù)句意，用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空forecastchemicaldesertificationcyclefrightenmajorscaryurgeexperienceprotect1．Thesandstormthatoccurredseveralweeksagowasamongthemost________.答案：frightening2．________isoneofthecausesofsandstorms.答案：Desertification89共124頁3．Anotherbigsandstorm________intoday'sweatherreport.答案：hasbeenforecast4．________inarealsandstormisquitedangerous.答案：Tocycle5．Nowadayspeopleusetoomany________intheirlife，whichisbadfortheenvironment.答案：chemicals90共124頁6．Thedoctor________metohaveanX－raytest,andthen,hecouldmakeaconclusion.答案：urged7．Hundredsofthousandsofpeoplediedinthe________earthquakeinTangshanin1976.答案：major8．Mybrotherisan________travellerwhileIseldomtravel.答案：experienced91共124頁9．Wemusttakemeasuresto________ourriversfrombeingpolluted.答案：protect10．Whatagreat________youhavegivenme!答案：scare92共124頁Ⅱ.單項(xiàng)填空1．Insummer,you'dbetterwearsun－glasses________youreyes________beinghurt.A．toguard;fromB．todefend;fromC．toprotect;from D．toprevent;from答案與解析：C此題考查易混詞語辨析。句意為“戴太陽鏡以防眼睛受傷害”，即“保護(hù)眼睛”。因此選C項(xiàng)。93共124頁2．Hehas________letterstodealwith.Hehastoworkfrommorningtonight.A．much B．a(chǎn)greatdealofC．massesof D．thenumberof答案與解析：C本題考查易混短語辨析。A、B、C三項(xiàng)都可修飾不可數(shù)名詞，但C項(xiàng)同時(shí)也可修飾可數(shù)名詞。句中l(wèi)etters為可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，故選C項(xiàng)。D項(xiàng)意為“……的數(shù)量”，anumberof才修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，意為“大量的”。94共124頁3．Themancaught________inthesupermarketwassenttoprison.A．stealing B．stealC．stole D．stolen答案與解析：Acaughtstealinginthesupermarket是過去分詞短語作theman的定語，becaughtstealing意思是“偷盜被捉住”，stealing是現(xiàn)在分詞。95共124頁4．(2008·北京)Ifeelgreatlyhonored__________intotheirsociety.A．towelcome B．welcomingC．tobewelcomed D．welcomed答案與解析：Cwelcome與“I”之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故welcome須用被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式。該句語意相當(dāng)于Ifeelitagreathonortobewelcomedintotheirsociety.。本題考查動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。注意動(dòng)詞與主語之間的邏輯關(guān)系。96共124頁5．Ifyoudon't________yoursmoking,Iwill________yoursupply.A．cutup;cutdown B．cutdown;cutoffC．cutin;cutoff D．cutin;cutup答案與解析：B本題考查cut相關(guān)的短語之間的辨析。本句意為“如果你不削減抽煙量，我就切斷對(duì)你的供應(yīng)”。97共124頁6．AlthoughIhadgreatdifficulty________，hesworethathewasnotasleep.A．pickinghimupB．makinghimupC．wakinghimupD．takinghimup答案與解析：C本題考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析，pickup意為“拾起，撿起”，makeup意為“編造，化妝”，takeup意為“占去，從事”。由下文可知此處應(yīng)是“把他弄醒”，故選擇C項(xiàng)。98共124頁7．Theweathermansaidthathecould________.Itwouldbecloudyandwindytomorrow.A．hope B．expectC．wish D．forecast答案與解析：D本題考查同義詞之間的辨析。hope意為“希望”；expect意為“期望”，常用于expectsth./sb.todosth.或跟that從句；wish表示“祝愿，希望”；而本題中應(yīng)是“預(yù)測(cè)”之意，故選擇forecast。99共124頁8．IwonderhowIcan________theirquarrelassoonaspossible.A．cometoanendB．bringtoanendC．comeanendtoD．bringanendto答案與解析：D本題考查同義短語之間的辨析。cometoanend用作不及物動(dòng)詞短語，其后不能跟賓語，此句可說bringtheirquarreltoanend或bringanendtotheirquarrel，因此選擇D項(xiàng)。100共124頁9．Thetwomethodsthatyouarereferringtoare________identical.A．takeneffect B．ineffectC．withouteffect D．ofnoeffect答案與解析：B本題考查effect短語之間的辨析。因?yàn)榫浜笫切稳菰~，故首先排除A項(xiàng)。本句意為“你所提及的這兩個(gè)方法實(shí)際是相同的”。ineffect正是此意，因此應(yīng)選擇B項(xiàng)。101共124頁10．Ourmindscannot________suchproblemsallatonce.A．takein B．takeawayC．takeup D．takeon答案與解析：A本題考查同義短語之間的辨析。本句意為“對(duì)這樣的問題，我們的腦子還不能馬上就理解”。102共124頁11．Youhave________agoodchanceofwinningthematch.A．givenin B．givenoffC．givenout D．givenaway答案與解析：D本題考查同義短語之間的辨析。本句意為“你已失去了一個(gè)贏得比賽的良機(jī)”。giveaway可作“發(fā)放，贈(zèng)予，放棄(機(jī)會(huì))”等講。103共124頁12．InScandinaviancountriesitiscommon________forthehusbandtostayathometolookafterthebady.A．use B．senseC．practice D．idea答案與解析：Cpractice指慣例，習(xí)慣做法，而commonsense指常識(shí)。104共124頁13．ProfessorWhitehaswrittensomeshortstories,butheis________knownforhisnovels.A．thebest B．moreC．better D．themost答案與解析：C本題考查固定短語中比較級(jí)的用法。短語原形為bewellknownfor，此題含有比較意，即拿hisplays與shortstories比較，well的比較級(jí)為better，故選擇C項(xiàng)。105共124頁13．________abetterunderstandingofthecity,heacted________ourguidewhilewearetravellingthere.A．For;likeB．By;likeC．With;asD．For;as答案與解析：C此題考查介詞的用法。with意為having，引導(dǎo)狀語；actas擔(dān)當(dāng)，擔(dān)任。106共124頁14．Thefluisbelieved________byvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.A．causing B．beingcausedC．tobecaused D．behavecaused答案與解析：C本題考查句型“sb./sth.isbelievedtodo”，意為“據(jù)相信人們……”，又因?yàn)橹髡Ztheflu與謂語cause之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以選擇C項(xiàng)。此句可以和“Peoplebelieve...”及“It'sbelievedthat...”轉(zhuǎn)換。107共124頁15．________，educationisaboutlearningandthemoreyoulearn,themoreequippedforlifeyouare.A．AsfarasIconcernB．AsfarasIamconcernedC．SofarasIamconcerningD．SofarasIwasconcerned答案與解析：B句意為：就我而言，教育就是學(xué)習(xí)，你學(xué)得越多，為生活做的準(zhǔn)備就越充分。so/asfaras...beconcerned為固定短語，意為“就……而言/來說”，根據(jù)后分句的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。108共124頁Ⅲ.翻譯句子1．那是我經(jīng)歷過的最可怕，最危險(xiǎn)的情況，我將永遠(yuǎn)忘不了它。(experience)________________________________________________________________________答案：ItwasthemostfrighteningandthemostdangeroussituationI'veeverexperiencedandIwillneverforgetit.109共124頁2．暴風(fēng)雨有時(shí)持續(xù)一整天，車輛開得很慢，因?yàn)闈鉂獾膲m埃降低了能見度。(makeitdifficultto...)________________________________________________________________________答案：Thestormssometimescontinuealldayandtrafficmovesveryslowlybecausethethickdustmakesitdifficulttosee.110共124頁3．在沙塵暴中騎車真可怕，任建波永遠(yuǎn)忘不了那種經(jīng)歷。(experience)________________________________________________________________________答案：Tobecyclinginasandstormwasfrightening,whichwasanexperienceRenJianbowouldneverforget.111共124頁4．為了防止沙漠進(jìn)一步侵近，政府已經(jīng)采取了很多措施，例如植樹。(takemeasures)_______________________________________________答案：Topreventthedesertcomingnearer,manymeasureshavebeentaken,suchasplantingtrees.5．ItoldGrandpaweweregoingaway,butIdon'tthinkhetookitin._______________________________________________答案：我告訴爺爺我們要走了，但我認(rèn)為他并沒有聽明白。112共124頁Ⅳ.閱讀理解Asmodernlifehasbecomemorecomfortableandconvenient,therehasbeenagrowingtrendtousethingsonceandthenthrowthemaway.Manykindsofenvironmentalproblemshavebeencausedbythis,_includingairandwaterpollution,destructionofthenaturalenvironment,globalwarming,andagreatdealofwaste.113共124頁EnvironmentalprotectionisanimportanttasknotonlyforJapanbutalsoforthewholeworld.LedbytheJapanesegovernment,Japanesepeoplearemakinggreateffortsforenvironmentalprotection.Thepriceoftheconvenienceofmodernlifeisthegenerationofalotofwaste.Japanhasmadegreatprogressincuttingdowntheamountofwasteandrecyclingusedproducts.TherecyclingofcansandplasticbottlesisespeciallywellestablishedinJapan.114共124頁Comfortablelivesrequirealotofenergy,includingelectricity,gas,andgasoline.Generatingelectricityandoperatingmachinesbyburningfuelslikeoilandcoalreleasescarbondioxideandothergasesintotheair,andcausesproblemslikeglobalwarmingandairpollution.Globalwarmingisaproblem.Inordertopreventit,theamountofcarbondioxideandothergreenhousegasesmustbereduced.Japanisactivelydevelopingandintro