第三章匯款結(jié)算方式

ChapterthreeRemittanceInternationalexchangeTheconceptofremittancePartiesofremittanceMethodsandproceduresofremittanceReimbursementofremittancecoverApplicationofremittancereferstooperationalactivitiesrelatedwiththecurrencyconversionandtransferoffundsbetweencountriesinordertosettletheclaimsanddebtsbypaymentinstrumentsthroughbanks.

Inbroadsense:internationalsettlementInnarrowsense:internationalbankremittanceTypes:

InternationalexchangepayerpayeeBankABankBpayerpayeeBankABankBcontractcontractRemittance:Reverseremittance:flowoffundsflowofnegotiableinstruments

Abank(theremittingbank),atrequestofitscustomer(theremitter),transferacertainsumofmoneytoitsoverseasbranchorcorrespondentbank(thepayingbank),instructingittopayanamedpersondomiciledinthatcountry.Basedoncommercialcredit

ConceptofremittancepayeeremitterPayingbankRemittingbank②instructiongoods①Application③paying匯款人（remitter/importer）:

RemittanceapplicationSubmitthesameamountoffundsandcommissionForourcountry,submitdocumentsrequiredbySAFE收款人或受益人（payee/exporter）Partiesandtheirobligations匯出行(remittingbank)：

paymentorder/P.O.（支付授權(quán)書)madeoutasinstructedintheapplication;indicatethereimbursementofremittancecover;outwardremittance匯入行或解付行（payingbank）：

payinginstrictcompliancewiththeP.O.andauthenticatetherelevantsignatureortestkey;usuallypayingafteritsreceiptofthefundsfromtheremittingbank;cleanpayment;inwardremittanceTelegraphictransfer,T/Ttheremittingbankinstructsandauthorizesthepayingbankbycable,telex,orSWIFTtomakepaymenttothepayee.fast;safe;limitedtimeforbankstokeepthefunds

thecontentsofT/TMailtransfer，M/TtheremittingbankinstructsandauthorizesthepayingbankbymailingaP.O.cheapbutslow

proceduresforM/TandT/TMethodsandproceduresofremittanceRemittancebybanker’sdemanddraft,D/D

Ontherequestoftheremitter,theremittingbankdrawsademanddraftonitsoverseasbranchorcorrespondentbankorderingthelattertopayondemandtothepayeeuponpresentation.convenientandtransferable

proceduresforD/DItemsT/TM/TD/DMethodsoftransferCable/Telex/SWIFTAirmailMailorcarriedbyremitterTimeoftransferFastestSlowMethodofauthenticationTestkeyofSWIFT,AuthenticationkeyAuthorizedsignatureAuthorizedsignatureSecurityQuitesafeReliable,butmaybelostinpostStop-paymentistimeconsumingChargeHighLowLowTable3.1ComparisonoftheM/T,T/TandD/DFM:匯出行TO:匯入行DATE:發(fā)電日期TEST密押OURREFNO.匯款編號(hào)NOCHARGESFORUS我行不負(fù)擔(dān)費(fèi)用PAY(AMT)VALUE(DATE)起息日

TO(BENEFICIARY)收款人MESSAGE附言O(shè)RDER/BYORDEROF(B/O)匯款人COVER頭寸撥付ThecontentsofT/T收款人：PAYTOBANK

（收款人的帳戶行）FORCREDITINGA/CNO.

OF收款人Remittingbank:bankofAsia,TianjinPayingbank:bankofAsia,LuxemburgDateofcable:9JuneTest:2563RefNo.208TT0219Amount:USD1,660.00Payee:MarieClaudaDumont,LuxemburgaccountNo.0-164/7295/550withBanqueInternationalduLuxemburgMessage:payrollRemitter:CrystalPalaceHotel,TianjinCover:DebitourH.O.accountFM:bankofAsia,TianjinTO:bankofAsia,LuxemburgDATE:9June

TEST2563OURREF208TT0219NOANYCHARGESFORUSPAYUSD1,660.00TOBanqueInternationalduLuxemburgFORCREDITINGA/CNO.0-164/7295/550

OFMarieClaudaDumont,LuxemburgMESSAGEpayrollORDERCrystalPalaceHotel,TianjinCOVERDebitourH.O.accountpayeeremitterPayingbankRemittingbank(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(1)Remittanceapplicationwithfundsandcommission;(2)receipt(3)sendsP.O./telex/SWIFTinstructingpayingbanktomakepayment(4)afterauthenticating,notifiesthepayeewithacopyofcablemessage(5)thepayeepresentsthecopyandaskthepayingbanktopay(6)thepayingbankdebitedtheremittingbank’sa/candmakepayment(7)sendsthedebitadviceandpaymentreceiptfrompayeetotheremittingbank(8)thedebtisdischarged(8)remitterpayeeRemittingbankPayingbank1)D/Dapplication2)Bankdemanddraft3)bankdemanddraft4)Presenting

5)payment6)DebitadviceCollectingbankCancellationoftheremittance

M/TorT/Tcanbecancelledbeforeitspaymentismade.It’susuallydoneattherequestoftheremitterorthepayeewhorefusetoreceivethepayment.Oncethepaymenthasbeeneffected,theremittancecannotbecancelled.Theremitterhimselfcancontactthepayeetoclaimbackthepayment.Unlesstheremitterassumesthedamagesofissuingaduplicateofdraft,theissuingbankcanacceptthereasonofbeinglostorstolenthedraft.Theremitterwillsignaletterofindemnity.Ifthepayingbankmaintainsacurrentaccountwiththeremittingbank(1)ortheremittingbankhasaa/cwiththepayingbank(2)

Reimbursementofremittancecover

RemittingbankPayingbankVostroa/c(1)incover,wehavecreditedyoura/cwithusNostroa/c(2)incover,pleasedebitoura/cwithyouIfthereisnovostroornostroaccountwitheachother,buttheremittingbankcanfindathirdbank,withwhichboththepayingbankandtheremittingbankmaintaincurrentaccount.RemittingbankPayingbank

ReimbursingbankAIncover,wehaveauthorizedAtodebitoura/candcredityoura/cwiththem

debitoura/candcreditpayingbanka/cwithyou

Creditadvice

Exercises:pleasewrite“coverinstruction”foreachremittancebelow.ThepayingbankhasmaintainedanUSDaccountwiththeremittingbank.SupposeanoutwardremittanceinUSDismade,“coverinstruction”?

Incover,wehavecreditedyouraccountwithusBothremittingbankandpayingbankhavemaintainedUSDaccountwithXYZBank,NewYork.SupposeanoutwardinUSDismade,then“coverinstruction”?

Incover,wehaveauthorizedXYZBank,NewYorktodebitouraccountandcredityouraccountwiththem直接付款（coverpayment）、間接付款（serialpayment）直接付款：匯出行將付款指示電文和劃撥頭寸指示的電文分別發(fā)出，匯出行給匯入行一個(gè)客戶匯款指令MT103，指示匯入行將款項(xiàng)直接支付給收款人貸記收款人賬戶；匯出行發(fā)送頭寸撥付指示MT202COV給其賬戶行，要求劃撥頭寸給匯入行。匯入行確認(rèn)賬戶行收妥對(duì)賬報(bào)文MT950/910后才解付收款人。201*年5月27日，Mr.B指示布魯塞爾的A銀行，將第1234號(hào)發(fā)票項(xiàng)下USD10500支付到Mr.S位于倫敦的B行987654321賬戶上。使用MT103發(fā)送電文給B銀行，發(fā)報(bào)行業(yè)務(wù)編號(hào)********COV;MT202COV發(fā)送電文給代理行C銀行（紐約），貸記B銀行在D銀行（紐約）的賬戶為12344555，發(fā)報(bào)行業(yè)務(wù)編號(hào)**********COV.MT103-付款通知，不能撥頭寸，隨后使用MT202SENDER:AAAABEBBRECEIVER:BBBBGB22SENDER’SREFERENCEVALUEDATE/CURRENCYCODE/AMOUNT:1*0527USD10500，00CURRENCY/INSTRUCTEDAMOUNT:USD10500ORDERINGCUSTOMER:50KMr.BHIGHSTREET3Sender’scorrespondent:53A:CCCCUS33RECEIVER’Scorrespondent:DDDDUS33BENEFICIARY’SCUSTOMER:59:MR.SLOWSTREETMT202COVSENDER:AAAABEBBRECEIVER:CCCCUS33VALUEDATE/CURRENCYCODE/AMOUNT:1*0527USD10500，00ACCOUNTWITHINSTITUTION:57A:DDDDUS33BENEFICIARYINSTITUTION:58A:BBBBGB22ORDERCUSTOMER:50kBENEFICIARYCUSTOMER:59:間接付款（Serialpayment），匯款指示和劃撥頭寸指示電文合并發(fā)出。匯出行只向其賬戶行發(fā)送一個(gè)MT103，要求其將款項(xiàng)通過中間行/代理行解付收款人，是匯入行委托其賬戶行代為匯款。Accordingtothetimeofshipmentandofpayment:paymentinadvance:payatthetimeoforder(cashwithorder)orpriortoshipmentofthegoods,commonlyusedinspecializedandcapitalintensivegoods.paymentafterarrivalofgoods:alsocalledopenaccount,say,cashondelivery.remittanceagainstdocuments

ApplicationofremittanceCharacteristicsofremittanceriskyUnbalancedcapitalburdenSimpleproceduresandcost-efficient

Case1：出口合同規(guī)定的支付條款為裝運(yùn)月前15天電匯付款，買方延至裝運(yùn)中始從郵局寄來銀行匯票一紙，為保證按期交貨，出口企業(yè)于收到該匯票次日即將貨物托運(yùn)，同時(shí)委托銀行代收票款。一個(gè)月后，接銀行通知，因該匯票系偽造，已被退票。此時(shí)，貨已抵達(dá)目的港，并已被買方憑出口企業(yè)自行寄去的單據(jù)提走。事后追償，對(duì)方早已人去樓空。結(jié)論：1、進(jìn)口方改變了付款方式

2、收到匯票并不等于收到錢，當(dāng)企業(yè)無法辨別其真?zhèn)螘r(shí)，應(yīng)交銀行代為審核

CasestudyCase2通過展會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)接觸過一家澳洲的客戶，對(duì)公司的一款牛皮面橡膠底的防水登山鞋很感興趣。開始客人按最小訂貨量3000雙要我方報(bào)FOB香港價(jià)格（100%L/CATSIGHT），我方報(bào)了$15.5P/P(PERPAIR)?？腿嘶亓朔夂芎?jiǎn)單的郵件：

Youreallygavemeajump.Yourquotationofpro-mountainbootiewas15%higherthanothervendors’.Ihavetoputitpending.（這款登山鞋工廠的報(bào)價(jià)是13.5USD。我貿(mào)易公司的底價(jià)是15USD。）

過了三天，客人沉不住氣了，放出了一塊特大的誘餌：

Wehave20,000PRSUrgentorderforPro-mountainbootie,thelatesttimeofdeliveryshouldbethefirsthalfofAug.Pleasepromptlysend2colorslab-dipsforourapproval.Ourtargetpriceis14.75USD/PR;hopeitisagoodpremisetothesuccessofourfirstcooperation.Followingistheorderdetails:

Pleaseobligemewithareplyasquickaspossible.E：Thankyouforcallingoffthependingstateoftheorder（^_^）.Isent2colorslab-dipsviaFedExthismorning.TheTrackingNois******.Pleasenote,thanks!

Asfortheunitprice,Itookalongandarduousnegotiationwithfactoryafterreceivedyourmail.FactoryandIendedupbymeetingeachotherhalf-waytoreducetheunitpriceto$15.30P/P.Wesurehopeyouwouldseeourpurewishingwhichwastosetupthemutuallyprofitablecooperationwithyou.Followingisthequotationdetailsforyourreview:

Awaityourpromptreply.

I：Iamappreciatedyourgreateffortsforornamentingthissufferingordertoamysteriousjashmak.Butyourlastquotationstillseemedlikeanaircastlewhichmademefailedtoreachfor.Weallneedsurviveanddonotnecessarilyspendtoomuchtimeonthepriceissue.Let’ssettleonthepriceto15USD/PR,whichiswhatIcanultimatelyaccept.Thereforethetotalquantitywillbereducedto10,000PRS.Pleasedonotshilly-shallyagain.Anearlyreplywillbemuchobliged.E：Yourlastmailmademetroublesleepingwholenight.Moreover,thissufferingordertookmeforadrowsedweekend.Afterathoroughdiscussiontothoseconcerned,wefinallyacceptthepriceof$15perpair.Butthepaymenttermsindeedneedchangeto50%T/Tdepositwith50%L/Catsightbecausewehavetopaydearlyforrawmaterials.ThisistheonlyconditionIcangiveyouunderyourpriceissue.……..Awaityourearlyreply.

這封信發(fā)出后，客人也坐不住了，直接打電話來跟我商量了很久，最后定下來的付款方式是50%的訂金，50%余款見提單傳真件后兩周內(nèi)支付（后T/T）?？墒强腿舜_認(rèn)收到提單傳真件約兩個(gè)多星期了，還沒有匯款進(jìn)來。估計(jì)船已經(jīng)到了墨爾本。我方連發(fā)了兩張URGENT抬頭的傳真及郵件去給客人，客人均沒有回復(fù)。一定要想辦法逼客人露面。通過香港的貨代公司查一下澳洲其他大的鞋類采購(gòu)商的電話及傳真號(hào)碼，并給這三家公司都發(fā)了一份內(nèi)容相同的傳真：

DearSirs,

HereisaBranchofTaiwanXXXXTradingCo.,LtdinChinesemainland.YourinfowasgivenusbyXXXX,oneofthebiggestHKforwarder.About40daysago,XXXXCorpplacedanorderwithusfor10,000PRSpro-mountainbootie.ThegoodshadpassedthefinalinspectionbyHK****certificationCompanyandhavearrivedMelbourneportforafewdays.Unfortunately,XXXXCorpisfacingthefinancialcrisisandtheycouldnotaffordtomakepaymentforgoods,whichisthereasonforwhywehavegottoresellthegoods.PleasereviewtoPage1forshoeillustrationanddescription,Page2forfinalinspectionreport,Page3forB/Lcopy.Weshallbepleasedtoreceivefurtherinquiriesfromyouforpriceandsample.Yourenquirywillberepliedassoonaspossible.

OurContactInf

AustralianForwarderInf發(fā)了此信的第二天，馬上又給STEPHEN寫了份緊急的傳真(之前寫了好幾封傳真及郵件他都沒有回復(fù))：

DearStephen,

Sincethenwehavebeenwaitingforyouforoveronemonth,butnofurtherresponseshavebeenreceivedfromyou.WehavetoresellthegoodstootherAustralianimportersinordertobailusoutofdifficulties.Thisistheonlythingwecandounderthecircumstances.Hopeyouunderstand!

Bestwishes,

I：DearSunny,

Businessisnowratherdifficult;itgoesprettytoughdaytoday.Iwasfullofconfidenceinattendingshoeshowabroadbutfailedtoaccomplishthepurposedesired.ThatisthereasonIneverrespondedyourmessages.SorrySunny.AlmosteverymonthIhavetopayoffasizeableamountfordozensofcontainers.BorrowfromPetertopayPaulthatremindsmeofanoldsayingof“MoneyTalks”.SoIoftenaskforhelpfromsupplierstotidemeoveruntilIrecallthepartofcurrencyissued.Ifyougive2%discountofthetotalsumofpro-mountainbootiestome,Ishallarrangetheremittanceimmediately.Thankyouforyourcooperationinthismatter.Pleaseconfirmbyreturn.Bestwishes,

我方在傳真上簽了如下的幾個(gè)字：

CFM.TTLSUMOFT/T:$72,000(DDT