第三章匯款結算方式

ChapterthreeRemittanceInternationalexchangeTheconceptofremittancePartiesofremittanceMethodsandproceduresofremittanceReimbursementofremittancecoverApplicationofremittancereferstooperationalactivitiesrelatedwiththecurrencyconversionandtransferoffundsbetweencountriesinordertosettletheclaimsanddebtsbypaymentinstrumentsthroughbanks.

Inbroadsense:internationalsettlementInnarrowsense:internationalbankremittanceTypes:

InternationalexchangepayerpayeeBankABankBpayerpayeeBankABankBcontractcontractRemittance:Reverseremittance:flowoffundsflowofnegotiableinstruments

Abank(theremittingbank),atrequestofitscustomer(theremitter),transferacertainsumofmoneytoitsoverseasbranchorcorrespondentbank(thepayingbank),instructingittopayanamedpersondomiciledinthatcountry.Basedoncommercialcredit

ConceptofremittancepayeeremitterPayingbankRemittingbank②instructiongoods①Application③paying匯款人（remitter/importer）:

RemittanceapplicationSubmitthesameamountoffundsandcommissionForourcountry,submitdocumentsrequiredbySAFE收款人或受益人（payee/exporter）Partiesandtheirobligations匯出行(remittingbank)：

paymentorder/P.O.（支付授權書)madeoutasinstructedintheapplication;indicatethereimbursementofremittancecover;outwardremittance匯入行或解付行（payingbank）：

payinginstrictcompliancewiththeP.O.andauthenticatetherelevantsignatureortestkey;usuallypayingafteritsreceiptofthefundsfromtheremittingbank;cleanpayment;inwardremittanceTelegraphictransfer,T/Ttheremittingbankinstructsandauthorizesthepayingbankbycable,telex,orSWIFTtomakepaymenttothepayee.fast;safe;limitedtimeforbankstokeepthefunds

thecontentsofT/TMailtransfer，M/TtheremittingbankinstructsandauthorizesthepayingbankbymailingaP.O.cheapbutslow

proceduresforM/TandT/TMethodsandproceduresofremittanceRemittancebybanker’sdemanddraft,D/D

Ontherequestoftheremitter,theremittingbankdrawsademanddraftonitsoverseasbranchorcorrespondentbankorderingthelattertopayondemandtothepayeeuponpresentation.convenientandtransferable

proceduresforD/DItemsT/TM/TD/DMethodsoftransferCable/Telex/SWIFTAirmailMailorcarriedbyremitterTimeoftransferFastestSlowMethodofauthenticationTestkeyofSWIFT,AuthenticationkeyAuthorizedsignatureAuthorizedsignatureSecurityQuitesafeReliable,butmaybelostinpostStop-paymentistimeconsumingChargeHighLowLowTable3.1ComparisonoftheM/T,T/TandD/DFM:匯出行TO:匯入行DATE:發(fā)電日期TEST密押OURREFNO.匯款編號NOCHARGESFORUS我行不負擔費用PAY(AMT)VALUE(DATE)起息日

TO(BENEFICIARY)收款人MESSAGE附言ORDER/BYORDEROF(B/O)匯款人COVER頭寸撥付ThecontentsofT/T收款人：PAYTOBANK

（收款人的帳戶行）FORCREDITINGA/CNO.

OF收款人Remittingbank:bankofAsia,TianjinPayingbank:bankofAsia,LuxemburgDateofcable:9JuneTest:2563RefNo.208TT0219Amount:USD1,660.00Payee:MarieClaudaDumont,LuxemburgaccountNo.0-164/7295/550withBanqueInternationalduLuxemburgMessage:payrollRemitter:CrystalPalaceHotel,TianjinCover:DebitourH.O.accountFM:bankofAsia,TianjinTO:bankofAsia,LuxemburgDATE:9June

TEST2563OURREF208TT0219NOANYCHARGESFORUSPAYUSD1,660.00TOBanqueInternationalduLuxemburgFORCREDITINGA/CNO.0-164/7295/550

OFMarieClaudaDumont,LuxemburgMESSAGEpayrollORDERCrystalPalaceHotel,TianjinCOVERDebitourH.O.accountpayeeremitterPayingbankRemittingbank(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(1)Remittanceapplicationwithfundsandcommission;(2)receipt(3)sendsP.O./telex/SWIFTinstructingpayingbanktomakepayment(4)afterauthenticating,notifiesthepayeewithacopyofcablemessage(5)thepayeepresentsthecopyandaskthepayingbanktopay(6)thepayingbankdebitedtheremittingbank’sa/candmakepayment(7)sendsthedebitadviceandpaymentreceiptfrompayeetotheremittingbank(8)thedebtisdischarged(8)remitterpayeeRemittingbankPayingbank1)D/Dapplication2)Bankdemanddraft3)bankdemanddraft4)Presenting

5)payment6)DebitadviceCollectingbankCancellationoftheremittance

M/TorT/Tcanbecancelledbeforeitspaymentismade.It’susuallydoneattherequestoftheremitterorthepayeewhorefusetoreceivethepayment.Oncethepaymenthasbeeneffected,theremittancecannotbecancelled.Theremitterhimselfcancontactthepayeetoclaimbackthepayment.Unlesstheremitterassumesthedamagesofissuingaduplicateofdraft,theissuingbankcanacceptthereasonofbeinglostorstolenthedraft.Theremitterwillsignaletterofindemnity.Ifthepayingbankmaintainsacurrentaccountwiththeremittingbank(1)ortheremittingbankhasaa/cwiththepayingbank(2)

Reimbursementofremittancecover

RemittingbankPayingbankVostroa/c(1)incover,wehavecreditedyoura/cwithusNostroa/c(2)incover,pleasedebitoura/cwithyouIfthereisnovostroornostroaccountwitheachother,buttheremittingbankcanfindathirdbank,withwhichboththepayingbankandtheremittingbankmaintaincurrentaccount.RemittingbankPayingbank

ReimbursingbankAIncover,wehaveauthorizedAtodebitoura/candcredityoura/cwiththem

debitoura/candcreditpayingbanka/cwithyou

Creditadvice

Exercises:pleasewrite“coverinstruction”foreachremittancebelow.ThepayingbankhasmaintainedanUSDaccountwiththeremittingbank.SupposeanoutwardremittanceinUSDismade,“coverinstruction”?

Incover,wehavecreditedyouraccountwithusBothremittingbankandpayingbankhavemaintainedUSDaccountwithXYZBank,NewYork.SupposeanoutwardinUSDismade,then“coverinstruction”?

Incover,wehaveauthorizedXYZBank,NewYorktodebitouraccountandcredityouraccountwiththem直接付款（coverpayment）、間接付款（serialpayment）直接付款：匯出行將付款指示電文和劃撥頭寸指示的電文分別發(fā)出，匯出行給匯入行一個客戶匯款指令MT103，指示匯入行將款項直接支付給收款人貸記收款人賬戶；匯出行發(fā)送頭寸撥付指示MT202COV給其賬戶行，要求劃撥頭寸給匯入行。匯入行確認賬戶行收妥對賬報文MT950/910后才解付收款人。201*年5月27日，Mr.B指示布魯塞爾的A銀行，將第1234號發(fā)票項下USD10500支付到Mr.S位于倫敦的B行987654321賬戶上。使用MT103發(fā)送電文給B銀行，發(fā)報行業(yè)務編號********COV;MT202COV發(fā)送電文給代理行C銀行（紐約），貸記B銀行在D銀行（紐約）的賬戶為12344555，發(fā)報行業(yè)務編號**********COV.MT103-付款通知，不能撥頭寸，隨后使用MT202SENDER:AAAABEBBRECEIVER:BBBBGB22SENDER’SREFERENCEVALUEDATE/CURRENCYCODE/AMOUNT:1*0527USD10500，00CURRENCY/INSTRUCTEDAMOUNT:USD10500ORDERINGCUSTOMER:50KMr.BHIGHSTREET3Sender’scorrespondent:53A:CCCCUS33RECEIVER’Scorrespondent:DDDDUS33BENEFICIARY’SCUSTOMER:59:MR.SLOWSTREETMT202COVSENDER:AAAABEBBRECEIVER:CCCCUS33VALUEDATE/CURRENCYCODE/AMOUNT:1*0527USD10500，00ACCOUNTWITHINSTITUTION:57A:DDDDUS33BENEFICIARYINSTITUTION:58A:BBBBGB22ORDERCUSTOMER:50kBENEFICIARYCUSTOMER:59:間接付款（Serialpayment），匯款指示和劃撥頭寸指示電文合并發(fā)出。匯出行只向其賬戶行發(fā)送一個MT103，要求其將款項通過中間行/代理行解付收款人，是匯入行委托其賬戶行代為匯款。Accordingtothetimeofshipmentandofpayment:paymentinadvance:payatthetimeoforder(cashwithorder)orpriortoshipmentofthegoods,commonlyusedinspecializedandcapitalintensivegoods.paymentafterarrivalofgoods:alsocalledopenaccount,say,cashondelivery.remittanceagainstdocuments

ApplicationofremittanceCharacteristicsofremittanceriskyUnbalancedcapitalburdenSimpleproceduresandcost-efficient

Case1：出口合同規(guī)定的支付條款為裝運月前15天電匯付款，買方延至裝運中始從郵局寄來銀行匯票一紙，為保證按期交貨，出口企業(yè)于收到該匯票次日即將貨物托運，同時委托銀行代收票款。一個月后，接銀行通知，因該匯票系偽造，已被退票。此時，貨已抵達目的港，并已被買方憑出口企業(yè)自行寄去的單據(jù)提走。事后追償，對方早已人去樓空。結論：1、進口方改變了付款方式

2、收到匯票并不等于收到錢，當企業(yè)無法辨別其真?zhèn)螘r，應交銀行代為審核

CasestudyCase2通過展會認識接觸過一家澳洲的客戶，對公司的一款牛皮面橡膠底的防水登山鞋很感興趣。開始客人按最小訂貨量3000雙要我方報FOB香港價格（100%L/CATSIGHT），我方報了$15.5P/P(PERPAIR)?？腿嘶亓朔夂芎唵蔚泥]件：

Youreallygavemeajump.Yourquotationofpro-mountainbootiewas15%higherthanothervendors’.Ihavetoputitpending.（這款登山鞋工廠的報價是13.5USD。我貿(mào)易公司的底價是15USD。）

過了三天，客人沉不住氣了，放出了一塊特大的誘餌：

Wehave20,000PRSUrgentorderforPro-mountainbootie,thelatesttimeofdeliveryshouldbethefirsthalfofAug.Pleasepromptlysend2colorslab-dipsforourapproval.Ourtargetpriceis14.75USD/PR;hopeitisagoodpremisetothesuccessofourfirstcooperation.Followingistheorderdetails:

Pleaseobligemewithareplyasquickaspossible.E：Thankyouforcallingoffthependingstateoftheorder（^_^）.Isent2colorslab-dipsviaFedExthismorning.TheTrackingNois******.Pleasenote,thanks!

Asfortheunitprice,Itookalongandarduousnegotiationwithfactoryafterreceivedyourmail.FactoryandIendedupbymeetingeachotherhalf-waytoreducetheunitpriceto$15.30P/P.Wesurehopeyouwouldseeourpurewishingwhichwastosetupthemutuallyprofitablecooperationwithyou.Followingisthequotationdetailsforyourreview:

Awaityourpromptreply.

I：Iamappreciatedyourgreateffortsforornamentingthissufferingordertoamysteriousjashmak.Butyourlastquotationstillseemedlikeanaircastlewhichmademefailedtoreachfor.Weallneedsurviveanddonotnecessarilyspendtoomuchtimeonthepriceissue.Let’ssettleonthepriceto15USD/PR,whichiswhatIcanultimatelyaccept.Thereforethetotalquantitywillbereducedto10,000PRS.Pleasedonotshilly-shallyagain.Anearlyreplywillbemuchobliged.E：Yourlastmailmademetroublesleepingwholenight.Moreover,thissufferingordertookmeforadrowsedweekend.Afterathoroughdiscussiontothoseconcerned,wefinallyacceptthepriceof$15perpair.Butthepaymenttermsindeedneedchangeto50%T/Tdepositwith50%L/Catsightbecausewehavetopaydearlyforrawmaterials.ThisistheonlyconditionIcangiveyouunderyourpriceissue.……..Awaityourearlyreply.

這封信發(fā)出后，客人也坐不住了，直接打電話來跟我商量了很久，最后定下來的付款方式是50%的訂金，50%余款見提單傳真件后兩周內(nèi)支付（后T/T）?？墒强腿舜_認收到提單傳真件約兩個多星期了，還沒有匯款進來。估計船已經(jīng)到了墨爾本。我方連發(fā)了兩張URGENT抬頭的傳真及郵件去給客人，客人均沒有回復。一定要想辦法逼客人露面。通過香港的貨代公司查一下澳洲其他大的鞋類采購商的電話及傳真號碼，并給這三家公司都發(fā)了一份內(nèi)容相同的傳真：

DearSirs,

HereisaBranchofTaiwanXXXXTradingCo.,LtdinChinesemainland.YourinfowasgivenusbyXXXX,oneofthebiggestHKforwarder.About40daysago,XXXXCorpplacedanorderwithusfor10,000PRSpro-mountainbootie.ThegoodshadpassedthefinalinspectionbyHK****certificationCompanyandhavearrivedMelbourneportforafewdays.Unfortunately,XXXXCorpisfacingthefinancialcrisisandtheycouldnotaffordtomakepaymentforgoods,whichisthereasonforwhywehavegottoresellthegoods.PleasereviewtoPage1forshoeillustrationanddescription,Page2forfinalinspectionreport,Page3forB/Lcopy.Weshallbepleasedtoreceivefurtherinquiriesfromyouforpriceandsample.Yourenquirywillberepliedassoonaspossible.

OurContactInf

AustralianForwarderInf發(fā)了此信的第二天，馬上又給STEPHEN寫了份緊急的傳真(之前寫了好幾封傳真及郵件他都沒有回復)：

DearStephen,

Sincethenwehavebeenwaitingforyouforoveronemonth,butnofurtherresponseshavebeenreceivedfromyou.WehavetoresellthegoodstootherAustralianimportersinordertobailusoutofdifficulties.Thisistheonlythingwecandounderthecircumstances.Hopeyouunderstand!

Bestwishes,

I：DearSunny,

Businessisnowratherdifficult;itgoesprettytoughdaytoday.Iwasfullofconfidenceinattendingshoeshowabroadbutfailedtoaccomplishthepurposedesired.ThatisthereasonIneverrespondedyourmessages.SorrySunny.AlmosteverymonthIhavetopayoffasizeableamountfordozensofcontainers.BorrowfromPetertopayPaulthatremindsmeofanoldsayingof“MoneyTalks”.SoIoftenaskforhelpfromsupplierstotidemeoveruntilIrecallthepartofcurrencyissued.Ifyougive2%discountofthetotalsumofpro-mountainbootiestome,Ishallarrangetheremittanceimmediately.Thankyouforyourcooperationinthismatter.Pleaseconfirmbyreturn.Bestwishes,

我方在傳真上簽了如下的幾個字：

CFM.TTLSUMOFT/T:$72,000(DDT