動詞不定式不分版本

動詞不定式一.本周教學(xué)內(nèi)容：動詞不定式二.重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)：（一）動詞不定式的句法功能動詞不定式（TheInfinitive）是動詞的一種語法形式。動詞不定式由to與動詞原形構(gòu)成（在某些情況下省略to）。動詞不定式在句中可以起名詞、形容詞和副詞作用，能夠充當(dāng)除謂語以外的各種句子成份。因此，動詞不定式屬于非謂語動詞的一種。.動詞不定式作主語（謂語用第三人稱單數(shù)）e.g.:TolearnEnglishwellisnotaneasything.學(xué)好英語并不是件容易的事情。Towalkintheparkeverymorningisagreatpleasure.每天早晨在公園散散步是件很快樂的事。Toplaytricksonothersisnotpolite.戲弄別人是不禮貌的。Totellliesiswrong.說謊是錯誤的。Tomakeaspeachhereisanhonour.在這兒演說很榮幸。當(dāng)不定式作主語時，英語中習(xí)慣上用形式主語it來代替，放在句首，而把真正的主語一一動詞不定式（短語）放在后面，上面的例句可以分別改成：ItisnotaneasythingtolearnEnglishwell.Itisagreatpleasuretowalkintheparkeverymorning.Itisnotpolitetoplaytricksonothers.Itiswrongtotelllies.Itisanhonourtomakeaspeachhere.我們可以把“Itis（not）+形容詞或名詞+動詞不定式”作為常用句型來記。e.g.:Itisdifficulttofindsomewaterhere.在這兒找點(diǎn)水是很困難的。Itisnecessarytobuyacomputerforher.給她買臺電腦很有必要的。Itisapitytomissthefootballmatch.誤了這場足球賽很遺憾。除了動詞be以外，動詞take,cost,require,make也可以用于以上結(jié)構(gòu)。e.g.Ittakesthreehourstowalkthere.步行到那兒要花費(fèi)三個小時。Itcostsaboutfivehundredyuantoflytothesoutherncity.坐飛機(jī)去那個南方城市花費(fèi)大約五百元。Itrequireseffortstomasteralanguage.掌握一門語言須要下功夫。Itmadeusdelightedtofindagoodbook.發(fā)現(xiàn)一本好書使我們高興。但在疑問句和感嘆句中，只能用it作先行詞的結(jié)構(gòu)。e.g.Whatapleasureitistoworkwiththem!和他們一起工作多么令人高興啊！Howrelaxingitistobatheinthesunonthesand!在沙灘上沐日光浴多么令人放松！Isn'titagoodideatomakeatrip?進(jìn)行一次短途旅行不是個好主意嗎？在it作形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu)中，通常用or+名詞或代詞作不定式的邏輯主語，表示不定式所表示的動作的特征。e.g.Itispossibleforhimtomastertheartofspeaking.他掌握演講藝術(shù)是可能的。Itisnotrightforthemtostopthetesthalfway.他們中途停止試驗(yàn)是不對的。注意與結(jié)構(gòu)It+be+形容詞+of+名詞或代詞+to不定式的區(qū)別，該結(jié)構(gòu)表示不定式邏輯主語的特征。用于這個結(jié)構(gòu)的形容詞多為說明主語特征的形容詞，foolish,clever,stupid,nice,kindrude,careless等。e.g.fItiskindofyoutosayso.[Youarekindtosayso.你這么說太好了。IItwascarelessofhimtobreakthecup.[Hewascarelesstobreakthecup.他打碎這只茶杯，真不小心。Itwasbraveofhertosavethechild.Shewasbravetosavethechild.她真勇敢，救了那個孩子。.動詞不定式作表語（主語多為表示意圖、勸告等詞）e.g.Myideaistoturnbackrightnow.我的意思是立退返回。Ourplanistofinishtheworkinfivedays.我們的計(jì)劃是三天后完成這項(xiàng)工作。Hiswishistobecomeascientist.他的愿望是成為一名科學(xué)家。.作賓語（踉在某些動詞后）常與動詞不定式作賓語的及物動詞有:agree,begin,start,choose,decide,fail,forget,hope,learn,like,want,wish等。e.g.Thegirlbegantolearnswimmingwhenshewasonlythree.這個女孩只有三歲時就開始學(xué)習(xí)游泳。Doyouliketolistentothepopmusic?你喜歡聽流行音樂嗎？Don'tforgettohandinyourmathsexercisestomorrowmorning.別忘了明天早晨交數(shù)學(xué)練習(xí)。ShewantedtosendapostcardtoherfriendinLosAngeles.她想給她在洛杉機(jī)的朋友寄一張明信片。HedecidedtotakeatriptoHainan.他決定去海南旅游。.作賓語補(bǔ)足語：(某些動詞可以用動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，放在賓語之后，即復(fù)合賓語的第二部分)(1)星艮帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的常用動詞有：ask,tell,want,order等。e.g.ThemandownstairsaskedPetertoturndowntheradio.樓下的那個人請彼德把收音機(jī)關(guān)小一點(diǎn)Theteachertoldthestudentstowaitattheschoolgate.老師告訴學(xué)生們在學(xué)校門口等著。Mothertoldthechildnottoforgettoturnoffthelight.媽媽告訴孩子不要忘記關(guān)燈。Theofficerorderedthesoldiers±oliedownatonce.軍官命令士兵們立刻臥倒。Thedoctoradvisedme工。haveabloodtest.醫(yī)生勸我驗(yàn)血。(2)踉不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞有感官動詞see,watch,hear,listento,feel等，以及使役動詞make,let等。e.g.Ididn'tseeyoucomein.我沒有看見你進(jìn)來。Haveyouheardsomebodyknockatthedoor?你聽見有人敲門了嗎？ThepolicemanmadeTomopenhiscase.警察叫湯姆打開自己的箱子。Letmecarrytheboxforyou.讓我來給你搬這個箱子。注意：當(dāng)上述感官動詞和使役動詞make用于被動語態(tài)時，原來作賓語補(bǔ)足語的不帶to的不定式，就成了主語補(bǔ)足語，這時動詞不定式必須要加上to。請與上邊相應(yīng)的句子比較：Youweren'tseenein.Tomewasmadetoopenhiscasebythepoliceman.(3)動詞help的動詞不定式可以帶to,也可以不帶to。e.g.Canyouhelpme(to)movethistable?你能幫我移動一下這張桌子嗎？Thegirlhelpedtheblindman.(to)crossthestreet.那位姑娘幫助盲人過馬路。.動詞不定式作定語（通常放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后）e.g.I'dlikeafewbookstoreadduringthejourney.我想要幾本書在旅途中看。Haveyougotanythingtosay?你有什么要說的嗎？Maryisalwaysthelasttoarriveattheoffice.瑪麗總是最后一個到達(dá)辦公室。Henryisapleasantmantotalkto.與亨利說話很令人高興。Hehasachairtositon.他有椅子坐。.動詞不定式作狀語（可以表示目的、結(jié)果、原因等，一般放在被修飾詞之后，但表示目的時，為了強(qiáng)調(diào)也可以放在句首）e.g.LastyearLucycametoChinatolearnChinese去年露茜來到中國學(xué)校。（目的狀語）Tocatchupwiththeearlybus,Igotupat5:30.為了趕上早班車，我五點(diǎn)半就起床了。（目的狀語）Towritenovelsquickly,thewriterboughtacomputer.為了加快寫小說的速度，作家買了臺電腦。Thelightistoodimforustoread.燈光太暗我們不能看書。（結(jié)果狀語）Hespoketooquicklyformetofollow.他說得太快，我跟不上。（結(jié)果狀語）Theboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.這個男孩到了上學(xué)的年齡（可以上學(xué)了）（結(jié)果狀語）Thepatientisstrongenoughtogetoutofbedandwalkabout.病人身體好了，可以下床走動了。（結(jié)果狀語）（二）“疑問詞+動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)動詞不定式可以和疑問詞what,which,how,when,where,whethe等連用，構(gòu)成動詞不定式短語，在句中起名詞作用，可以充當(dāng)主語，表語和賓語等。e.g.Howtostoppollutionremainsaproblem.怎么制止污染仍是個問題。（作主語）Iamwonderingwhethertorefuseitornot.我不知道是否拒絕它。（作賓語）I'llteachthemwhattosaywhengreetingaforeigner.我將教他們向外國人打招呼說些什么。Thequestioniswheretogetsomuchmoney.問題是到什么地方去弄這么多錢。（作表語）可以足艮“疑問詞+動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語的及物動詞有：ask,decide,forget,remember,know,learn,understand,wonder等。e.g.Theydon'tknowwhattodonext.他們不知道下一步要做什么！Doyourememberhowtogettothestation?你記得去車站怎么走嗎？Ihaven'tdecidedwheretogoformyholidays.我還沒決定到哪兒去度假。此外，及物動詞ask,advise,show,teach,tell等可以星艮“賓語+疑問詞+動詞不定式”。e.g.Canyoushowmehowtorunthemachine?你能給我示范一下怎樣操作這臺機(jī)器嗎？Thelibrarywilltellyouwheretofindthebook.圖書管理員會告訴你在哪兒能找到這本書。Jimaskedmewhentostart.吉姆問我什么時候動身。（三）動詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：動詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)是由“介詞for+名詞”（或代詞賓格）+動詞不定式構(gòu)成，for本身無意義，for引出的名詞（代詞賓格）是不定式的邏輯主語。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可以作主語、賓語、定語、狀語等。請比較一下兩句話的含義：Heopenedthedoorformetocomein.他打開門讓我進(jìn)來。（tocomein的邏輯主語是me,而不是全句的主語He）formetocomein在句中作目的狀語。Heopenedthedoortocomein.他打開門進(jìn)來了。（tocomein的邏輯主語是全句的主語He）動詞不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)常用在下面句型中作真正主語。產(chǎn)1difficultIt's（not）Simportantrforsb.todosth.necessarye.g.It'seasyformetofinishthecompositionintwohours.我在兩小時內(nèi)完成這篇作文很容易。It'simportantforustolearnaforeignlanguage.我們學(xué)會一門外語很重要。It'snecessaryforustodomorningexerciseseveryday.我們每天做早操很有必要。（四）動詞不定式的限用下列句子中的非謂語動詞形式，一般不能使用不定式，而是用“動詞原形+-ing”形式，這與某些動詞和句型有關(guān)。e.g.Haveyoufinishedreadingthenovel?你讀完這本小說了嗎？Mr.SmithenjoyslisteningtoChinesemusic.史密斯先生喜歡聽中國音樂。Doyouthinkthefilmisworthseeing?你認(rèn)為這部電影值得看嗎？Thestudentsinourschoolarebusypreparingforthecomingsportsmeeting.我校學(xué)生正在忙于準(zhǔn)備將要舉行的運(yùn)動會。Thankyoufortellingmethegoodnews.感謝你告訴這個好消息。Wecouldn’thelpinglaughingwhenwewatchedthemonkeysinthezoo.我們在動物園觀看猴子時情不禁地笑起來。I,msorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.對不起讓你等了這么久。Hespenttwohours(in)watchingTV.他看電視花了兩個小時?！灸M試題】一.用括號內(nèi)動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：Itiseasy(be)wiseaftertheevent.I’msorry(disappoint)youbutIcan,tletyou(know)theresultoftheexamuntiltheendoftheweek.(complete)thatbookinthreemonthswasagreatachievement.Isawhim(run)themileinfourminutes.Hemademe(tell)himthewholestory.(tell)youthetruth,Idon,tknowwhattheansweris.He,sworkinglate(make)upforhisabsenceyesterday.(learn)aboutEnglishisonething;(know)Englishisquiteanother.Theboywasseen(take)themoney.Whydidn,tyoutry(persuade)him(come)withus?Wedon,twantanybody(know)thatwearehere.Icoulddonothingbut(pretend)thatIdidn,tknow.Wecannotbut(do)ashetellsus.CanIhelp(carry)thatheavybox?Herarelyleftthehouseexcept(attend)aparty.Whydon,tyougetyourwife(explain)ittoyou?Hedecidedtotelephoneratherthan(write).Whynot(wear)thathattotheball?Themanwaslet(go).Allyouhavetodois(keep)alltheresults.InoticedDiana(talk)withDavidforawhile.Heisknown(get)angryeasily.Hookwaslookingforsomeone(help)him.Iadvisedhim(ask)thebusconductorwhere(get)off.Ihadmeant(tell)youthetruthbutIwastoofrightened.Itisdangerous(cross)thestreetwithoutlookingaround.You'dbetter(notgo)therealone.Thenaughtyboyoftenmakeshismother(get)angry.Iheardthechild(cry)lastnight.Hewasmade(do)theworkatonce.Letme(introduce)myself.Weoftenwatchthem(play)football.Wehaven'tdecided(gowhere).Wouldyoumind(open)thedoor?Doessheenjoy(swim)?Thankyoufor(come)toseeme.Wecouldn'thelp(laugh)whenweheardthejoke.Hewasseen(fall)offthewall.Theteachersaidhewasnotworth(teach).Iwon'tkeepyou(wait)verylong.Isheoldenough(join)thePLA?Doyouhaveanythingnew(tell)us?Someonecame(see)youyesterday.44.Haveyoufinished_—(write)yourcomposition?45.Theyarebusy _(prepare)forthefinalexam..選擇最佳答案1.WedecidedagainstNo.29MiddleSchoolthenexttime.A.playB.toplayC.playingD.played2.Iwanted anewcoat.A.boughtherB.buyforherC.tobuyherD.buyher3.Theteachertoldthem skatingonthethinice.A.don'tgotoB.nottogotoC.notgoingD.nottogo4.Motherwarnedhim___ footballinthestreet.A.notplayB.nottoplayC.playnotD.tonotplay5.Theteachertoldthestudents .A.tostoptalkingB.stoptalkingC.tostoptotalkD.stoptotalk6.Hewastold inhisexercise-book.A.handB.tohandC.handedD.handing7.Lettheboy _afterhimself.I'msurehecandothat.A.tolookB.lookingC.lookD.tobelooked8.It'sbadmanners___inpublic.A.tospitB.spitC.spittingD.spat9.Idon'tknowwhethersheenjoys_____hats.A.wearB.wearsC.wearingD.towear10.Please meatthestationontime.A.tomeetB.meetingC.metD.meet11.Mikeisalwaysready others.A.helpB.helpsC.tohelpD.helping

12.Someonewasheardintotheemptyroom.A.go B.togoC.goingD.went13.A.Isawmanypeople intheswim B.swamriver.C.toswimD.wereswimming14.A.Couldyoutellmewhenyoucanread B.readsfinish__C. thesebooks?readingD.toread15.A.I'dlove acupofcoffeetohave B.having.C.haveD.had16.A.Thebookiswellworth .tobuy B.buyingC.buyD.bought17.A.Weareeager theresultknow B.knew.C.knowingD.toknow18.A.Hewasseen inthepark.walk B.towalkC.walkedD.walks19.A.Haveyoudecided foryourwherego B.gowhereholidaysC.?togowhereD.wheretogo20.A.Themanistooold .work B.toworkC.workingD.works三.將下列句子譯成英語：.你不回信太沒禮貌。.爬這樣高的山似乎是不可能的。.請告訴我走哪條道。.他們想找個長凳坐坐。.有許多行李要照看。.這些規(guī)則容易記。.他關(guān)了所有的燈為了不浪費(fèi)電。.我還未決定留還是不留.天氣太冷我們不能游泳。.我們認(rèn)為最好把答案先核對一下。.小心不要念錯這個詞。.老師讓所有的男孩站成一排。.我說服那位女士吃中藥。.這個主意被認(rèn)為是很好的。.我希望很快收到你的信。

【試題答案】一.1.tobe2.todisappoint,know3.Tocomplete4.run5.tell6.Totell7.tomake8.Tolea