中考英語(yǔ)二輪專題復(fù)習(xí) 閱讀理解 科普環(huán)保類二（含答案）

…………○…………外…………○…………裝…………○…………外…………○…………裝…………○…………訂…………○…………線…………○…………※※請(qǐng)※※不※※要※※在※※裝※※訂※※線※※內(nèi)※※答※※題※※…………○…………內(nèi)…………○…………裝…………○…………訂…………○…………線…………○…………一、閱讀理解（共5題）1、Theworldhasaplasticsproblem.Andnotjustwithbottles.Straws(吸管)，toothbrushes，toys—allkindsofplasticsareplacedinlandfills.Thereare5billiontonsofplasticwasteintheworld.Landfillshavealargepartofit.By2050，theycouldhave13billiontons.Muchofplasticrubbishfindsitswayintotheocean.Scientistssay165milliontonsofplasticpiecesarefloatingaroundoutthere.Andmostplasticwon’tdisappearitself.Itwillremainintheoceanforever.Whalesgetcaughtinplasticfishingnets.Birdsdiebecauseofeatingplasticstrawsandbottlecaps.Itendangersoceanlife.Plasticrubbishevenendsupinthefoodweeat.Governmentsarerealizingthatrecyclingmaynotbeenough.Theyaretakingmoreactions.Thoughitishardwork，itisstillasolvableproblem.InBritain，peoplearenotallowedtouseplasticbagsexceptinhospitals.ScotlandandseveralcoastalcitiesintheUSstoppeoplefromusingplasticstrawsaswell.TheUSalonethrowsawaysome500millionplasticstrawsaday.That'senoughtocircletheEarthtwice.“Sayingnotoaplasticstrawisaneasywaytomakeabigdifference，”DanaLofflinwhosaid.“Dowereallywanttopassontoourchildrenaworldharmedbyplastic?”Peoplehavefoundsometastywaystoreducewaste.AcompanyinIndiamadethefirst-everspoonthatpeoplecaneat.Youdon’thavetoeatthespoon.Youcanthrowitaway.Itdecomposes(分解)injustafewdays.DavidEdwards，ascientistatHarvardUniversity，designedaneatablebagwhichcanprotectthefoodordrinkinside.Itisadeliciousreplacementforplasticones.8.Accordingtothewrite，birdsdiebecausethey_______.A.eatbottlecapsandstrawsB.getcaughtinfishingnetsC.feedonoceananimalsD.havethespoonsinIndia9.Theunderlinedword"endangers"inParagraph2probablymeans_______.A.brings

B.loses

C.harms

D.saves10.Thepurposeofthepassageismainlyto_______.A.introducesomewaystorecyclewasteB.tellreadersabouttheproblemwithplasticsC.compareairpollutionandplasticpollutionD.describehowtheUSisreducingplasticwaste11.Fromthepassage，wecantellthattheplasticsproblem_______.A.istoobigforpeopletosolve

B.canbesolvedbyrecyclingaloneC.canbesolved，butitwon’tbeeasy

D.willhavetobesolvedbyfuturescientists2、【2019?浙江紹興】閱讀材料，然后從各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳答案。

Azero-wastelifeisalifestylethathardlycreatesanyrubbish.So,azero-wastestoreisaboutprovidingakindofeverydayandpleasant-lookingzero-wasteproductstohelppeoplestartonazero-wastelifejourney.

"Zerowaste"or"danshari"wasfirstsuggestedbyaFrenchwomancalledBeaJohnson.Herideais:livealifeandtrynottocreateanyrubbish;usedifferentkindsofwaystosavetheenvironmentsuchasstoppingtheuseofone-offobjects;givingunwantedthingstoothersorgivingthemawaytoorganizationsliketheRedCross.

YuYuan,27,isdeeplyinterestedinthisidea.SheandherboyfriendhavelivedinBeijingformanyyears.Andearliersheusedtobuythingswithoutthinkingaboutthemcarefullyuntilshesawavideoabout"zerowaste",inwhichafamilyoffourplacedtherubbishtheyproducedeveryyearinajar(罐).Afterwatchingthevideo,Yuwantedtoexperiencethiszero-wastelifestylewithherboyfriend.

Azero-wastelifefollowsthe6Rrule-RefuseReduce,Reuse,Repair,RecycleandRot.OverAugust-OctoberwhenYufollowedtheruleofzerowaste6R,sheandherboyfriendJoeHarveybothproducedonlytwocansofrubbish.

Now,thecouplehaveopenedasmallshopinBeijing,wheretheyusewoodproductstotaketheplaceofplasticonesandclothbagsprintedwithenvironmentallyfriendlylogos.Mostproductssoldinthestorecanbereused.Thestorealsohassecond-handbooksandCDs/DVDswith,ideastomakethebestoftheusedthings.

"Thosewhoonceexperiencedthenon-wastelifestylehaveslowlychangedtheirideas,"saysYa,"Thezero-wastelifestyleisnotforascetics(苦行僧).Itisjustaroundusatourfinger-tips."Yuexpectssomeofherfriendstojoinherontheroadtozerowaste.8.BeaJohnsonsuggeststhatpeopleshould________.

A.

trytoproducenorubbishinlife

B.

shareobjectswithothers

C.

helptheirfriendslivecomfortably

D.

workhardfortheRedCross9.WecanseefromthepassagethatYuYuan________.

A.

offersplasticbagsinherstore

B.

isinfluencedbythe6Rrule

C.

oftenbuysthingsshedoesn'tneed

D.

likeslisteningtoCDsverymuch10.WhatYuYuansaysinthelastparagraphprobablymeansthat________.

A.

lotsofpeopledoubtthezero-wastelifestyle

B.

shefeelsithardtocontinueherlifestyle

C.

herfriendshavefollowedherlifestyle

D.

thezero-wastelifestyleisnotdifficulttolive11.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.

Openingupasecond-handstore

B.

Recyclingwaste

C.

Savingtheenvironment

D.

Joiningthecouple3、【2019?浙江嘉興】Freshgreengrass.Hundredsofcolorfulwildflowers.Waterrunningintolittlepools.Birdsmakingtheirhomesinboxes.The9,500-square-metreAugustenborgBotanicalGardenmaylookjustlikeanyotherwell-organizedparkbutthere’sadifference.Itliesontheroofs(屋頂)ofindustrialandofficebuildingsinthecityofMalmoinSweden.Greenroofsarenotanewinvention.Andnowtheyaregettingpopularagain.Thecommonroofsofamodemcityhaveendlessblacksurfaceswithnolifeorwater.Perhapsthat’swhyagardenonaroofbecomessuchaperfectchoiceformoreandmorepeople.Greenroofsarenotjustpretty.Theyalsohelptomoderatethecitytemperature.Thehightemperaturesoncommonroofsinthesummercanmaketopfloorflatsuncomfortablyhot.Whatismore,theyplayapartinmakingthecitieshotterthanthecountrysidearoundthem,causingthe“urbanheat-islandeffect”.Onagreenroof,however,withitsplantsandwater,temperatureschangeonlyalittle,astheydoinapark.Thiscangreatlycutthecostsofheatingandcoolinginthebuildingbelow.Also,agreenrooftakesinrainwater,andprotectsthecitydrainage(排水)system.___23___Andsmallanimalsandbirdscanmaketheirhomesonit.Thankstothis,thecitymaybecomepartofnature,ratherthansomethingcompletelyseparatefromit.Whilethecostofbuildingsucharoofcanstillbehigher,itcanbecheaperinthelongtermasaresultofenergysavings.Andwouldn'titbewonderfultobeabletowalkoutintoagardenhighabovethecity’snoiseandtraffic,whetheryou'reatschoolorinanofficeorjustathomeinaten-floorblock.8.WiththeexampleofAugustenborgBotanicalGarden,thewriterwantstoexplain____.A.howwildlifeisprotected

B.whatagreenroofislikeC.howtoorganizeagoodpark

D.whattodowithaspareroof9.Theunderlinedword“moderate”inParagraph3istheclosestinmeaningto“____”.A.raise

B.check

C.record

D.control10.WhichofthefollowingisthebestsentencetofillintheblankinParagraph4?A.Agreenroofisalive.

B.Agreenroofstopspollution.C.Acommonroofisnoisy.

D.Acommonroofincreasesthecost.11.Thepurposeofthepassageisto____.A.discovertheproblemswithgreenroofs

B.introducethechangeofgreenroofsC.showtheamazingbeautyofgreenroofs

D.describetheadvantagesofgreenroofs4、Inthefuture,peoplemaytraveltoMars(火星)bywater-poweredspaceship!Today'sspaceshipsarefineforgettingthingsintospace,buttheyarenotsogoodattravellinglongdistances.Thesespaceshipsburnchemicalfuels(燃料)andtheyareveryexpensive.Scientistssaythatawater-poweredspaceshipcouldmakethetriptoMarsmuchcheaper.Theideaisjustintheplanningstagesnow,butscientiststhinksuchaspaceshipcouldbedevelopedsoon.Thekeytothewater-poweredspaceshipistheengine(發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī))Regularenginespushspaceshipsbyburningfuel.Thewaterenginewillusesteam,createdbysolarpanels(太陽(yáng)能板)thatheatwatertoahightemperature.Ofcourse,thespaceshipwillhavetocarryalotofwaterforthelongtriptoMars.Today'sspaceshipscouldnotcaythatmuchwaterButscientiststhinkthataspaceshipblownuplikeaballoonwillbeabletoOneUScompanyhasalreadydevelopedaspaceshiplikethis.Thesespaceshipsaremadeofastrongmaterial.Twoofthemhavealreadybeensentupintospace,usingrocketsandthenlaterfilledwithair."Balloon"spaceshipscouldbeverylargeandcarryenoughwaterforalongtrip.Withthe"Balloon"spaceships,enoughwatercouldbecarriedtopowertheenginesandgrowfoodduringthetrip.Andthepeopleonthespaceshipmightevengettotakeahotbath!Scientistssaythebiggestadvantageofsuchaspaceshipwouldbecost.The"Balloon"spaceshipuseswatertopushitthroughspaceandcostsaboutonethirtiethofanormalspaceship.Suchsavingsnaturallyencouragecontinuedresearchintoballoonspaceshipsandwaterengines.Ifthesescientistsarecorrect,wemaysoonbeonourwaytoMarsinaspaceshippoweredbywater.32.Whichsentencebestdescribesthemainideaofthepassageabove?A.Thekeytothewater-poweredspaceshipistheengine.B.Inthefuture,peoplemaytraveltoMarsbywater-poweredspaceship.C.OneUScompanyhasalreadydevelopedaspaceshiplikethis.DScientistssaythebiggestadvantageofsuchaspaceshipwouldbecost.33Whatdoyouthinkisomitted(省略)attheendoftheunderlinedsentence?A.usesteam

B.pushspaceshipsC.heatwater

D.carrythatmuchwater34.Besidesgrowingfood,whatelsemightastronautsdowiththerestofthewater?A.Takeahotbath.

B.Freezedangerousthings.C.Blowupaballoon.

D.ChangethesurfaceofMars.

35.Onwhichwebsitecanweprobablyreadthispassage?A./power

B./musicC./culture

D./spaceflight5、InChina,eachyearweproduceabout150milliontonsofcitywasteaccordingtoareport.Wheredoesthewastego?Peopleusuallyburnorbury(埋)it.Ontheotherhand,wereceivewastefromsomedevelopedcountries.Wegetusefulmaterialsfromit.Whatabouttheuselesspart?Stillburnedorburied.Butisitaproperway?Wastepollutestheenvironment,harmspeople'shealthandcausesanimalstodie.Italsogetsinthewayofgreenandsustainabledevelopment.Wecan'tmakemoneyatthecostoftheenvironment.Weshouldleavecleanwaterandgreenmountainstoournextgenerations(一代人).Chinaisgettingreallyseriousaboutwastenow.Wearetakinglesswastefromdevelopedcountries.FromJanuary2018,Chinastartedtostop24kindsofwastecomingintoourcountry.Andmorelawsandrulesaboutdealingwithwastehavebeenmade.Anyonewhobreaksthelawwillbepunished.Chinaalsotriestoputwasteintogooduse.Oneexampleisthewasteelectricityfactories.Theyburnwastetomakeelectricityinagreenway.Noharmfulgasesorwaterwillgetintotheenvironment.TheChinesegovernmentisencouragingpeopletodowastesorting(分類).CitieslikeShanghai,ChongqingandBeijinghavetheirownsortingsystems.Morewilljointhemsoon.AsPresidentXiJinpingsaidduringavisittoShanghai,wastesortingisanewfashion(時(shí)尚).Moreandmorepeopleareformingthehabitofseparatingtheirwaste.52.Thewriterstartsthepassageby_______________.A.tellingstories

B.comparingnumbersC.raisingquestions

D.givingsuggestions53.Theunderlinedword"sustainable"inParagraph2means"__________"inChinese.A.可享受的

B.可持續(xù)的

C.可借鑒的

D.可復(fù)活的54.Fromthepassage,weknowthat____________________.A.wastedoesharmonlytotheenvironmentB.thosewhobreakthelawmaynotbepunishedC.ChinastopsgettingwastefromdevelopedcountriesD.wastesortingstartstobecomepopularinChina55.Thestructureofthepassagemaybe.(①=Paragraph1②=Paragraph2③=Paragraph3④=Paragraph4⑤=Paragraph5⑥=Paragraph6)============參考答案============一、閱讀理解1、8.A

9.C

10.B

11.C【解析】本文講述了關(guān)于塑料問(wèn)題。塑料廢料越來(lái)越多。到2050年，他們可能有130億噸。許多塑料垃圾都能進(jìn)入海洋。它危及海洋生物。塑料垃圾甚至最終會(huì)進(jìn)入我們吃的食物中。各國(guó)政府正正在采取更多的行動(dòng)。塑料問(wèn)題是可以解決，但不容易。【8題詳解】題意：據(jù)報(bào)道，鳥類死亡是因?yàn)開_________?？疾榧?xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第2段第6句Birdsdiebecauseofeatingplasticstrawsandbottlecaps.（鳥死于吃塑料吸管和瓶蓋。）可知“鳥類死亡是因?yàn)轼B吃塑料吸管和瓶蓋”；故選A。【9題詳解】題意：第2段中下畫線單詞“endangers”可能意思是_______。考查詞義猜測(cè)。A.brings帶來(lái)；B.loses失去；C.harms傷害；D.saves拯救。根據(jù)上文Whalesgetcaughtinplasticfishingnets.Birdsdiebecauseofeatingplasticstrawsandbottlecaps.（鯨魚被塑料漁網(wǎng)捕獲。鳥死于吃塑料吸管和瓶蓋。）描述可知“此句Itendangersoceanlife.句意是：它危害海洋生物?！备鶕?jù)句意可知“endangers”可能意思是“harms”；選C。【10題詳解】題意：這篇文章的目的主要是________?？疾橹髦祭斫狻１疚闹v述了關(guān)于塑料問(wèn)題。根據(jù)本文主要內(nèi)容可知這篇文章的目的主要是告訴讀者塑料的問(wèn)題；故選B。【11題詳解】題意：從文章中我們可以看出塑料問(wèn)題_________?？疾橹髦祭斫?。根據(jù)第3段第3句Thoughitishardwork，itisstillasolvableproblem.（雖然工作很辛苦，但仍然是一個(gè)可以解決的問(wèn)題。）可知從文章中我們可以看出塑料問(wèn)題可以解決，但不容易；故選C。2、8—11ABDC【考點(diǎn)】科普環(huán)保類，說(shuō)明文

【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要通過(guò)生活中零消費(fèi)人物法國(guó)人BeaJohn