Unit21Lesson-3(p2包含語言點詳解-課堂練習)

Unit21Lesson3EpidemicsExplained

DoyoustillrememberSARS?HowdidyoufeelwhenSARSwasspreading?What’stheoutcomeofSARS?BesidesSARS,whatotherdiseasescanbeepidemic?

AIDSSARSInfluenza(=flu)BirdFluSwineFluHand-Feet-MouthDiseaseTuberculosis(=TB)肺結(jié)核Deathsilentlyleapt(跳躍)fromhousetohouse,tillhenearlylosthisprey(被掠食者

).--FrancisMacnamaraBritishPeopledroppeddeadlikeflies(蒼蠅).Grief-stricken(極度憂傷的)mothersmournedtheirsons’death,tilltheirtearsrandry.畫家筆下的中世紀黑死病景象DrGarcianomatterhowgoodmodernscienceis,afutureepidemicisinevitable.*epidemiccancerwipeouturban*rebuildempiretrial*prohibitunitepausen.流行病,傳染病n.癌，癌癥徹底毀滅adj.城市的vt.重建n.帝國n.實驗vt.禁止vt.聯(lián)合，團結(jié)n.暫停，停頓NewWords*acutestatisticssymptomroutinepressparalleltissue*adaptationforeseemournadj.劇烈的，嚴重的n.統(tǒng)計資料，統(tǒng)計數(shù)字n.癥狀n.常規(guī)，慣例n.新聞界，報界v.按,壓n.平行線，極相似之處n.組織n.變化，變種vt.預見(foresaw-foreseen)vt.感到悲痛，表示哀悼NewWordscarrierprescription*tabletunderline*thorough*systematic*teamworkfaithstopsth.initstrackspilln.帶菌者n.處方n.藥片vt.強調(diào),下劃線adj.徹底的adj.系統(tǒng)化的n.協(xié)作，配合n.信心終止，消滅n.藥丸，藥片NewWordsWorkinpairs.Doyouthinkthesestatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F)?1)Flukillsmillionsofpeopleeveryyear.2)Mostdiseasesareverynew.3)Epidemicshaveaffectedhistoricalevents.5)Epidemicscanwipeoutuptohalfofthepopulationinurbanareas.6)Morepeoplediedofafluepidemicin1918/1919thandiedinWorldWarI.4)Ittakesyearsforadiseasetospreadworldwide.Unfortunately,theyareallbloodytruth.ReadingReadingstrategies:

Sequencingofinformation1.Readthetextwithgapstogetthe

generalidea.2.Readthesentencesbeforeandafter

thegaps.3.Readthemissingparagraphs.

4.Putthemissingparagraphsinthegaps.5.Rereadthewholepassage.SkimthepassagetogetthemainideaReadthetexttofindhowthepassagedevelop?InorderoftimeInorderofspaceInorderoflogic

ReadingMatchthefiveparagraphs(A-E)withgaps3,5,8,10and12inthetext.ABCDEParagraph3Paragraph5Paragraph8Paragraph10Paragraph12Howmanyepidemicsinthehumanhistoryarementionedinthistext?Para.1&13:___________Para.3&4:___________________________________________________________Para.5&6:_____________Para.7&8:_____________Para.9~12:____________BirdFluEpidemicinRomanEmpire=(Justinian’sPlague)查士丁尼瘟疫BlackDeathSpanishFluSARStimeepidemicareasnumberofthepeoplediedJustinian’sPlagueNorthAfrica,middleEast,Europeupto50%ofthearea’spopulationInthe1330’sEurope,Asia,AfricaandMiddleEastuptoonehalfofthepopulation1918SpanishFluupto50millionin18months2002SARSChina,Canada,Vietnam,Singapore500-550ADTheBlackDeathThewholeworld774BirdFlu1997morethanahundredlivesFirstinHKtheearliestonrecordGreatFlumodernadaptationMatcheachepidemicwiththestatementsBirdFluPara.1&13It’samodernadaptationofSpanishFluThoroughandsystematicmedicalresearchwillleadtoacureassoonaspossible.Ithasbecomeaglobalepidemic徹底而系統(tǒng)的導致,產(chǎn)生n.治愈的方法Justinian’sPlaguePara.3&4oneoftheearliestonrecordThemostacuteworldwideepidemicItwasoneofthemaincausesofthefalloftheRomanEmpire記錄在案n.衰落empire,emperor,empressaffectedhistoricaleventsTheBlackDeathPara.5&6PerfectconditionswereprovidedforthediseasetospreadworldwideCrowdedurbanareasweremoreseverelyaffectedItwascompletelynewPara.E.Line5Line6_____,_____________and__________________________.Warcrowdedcitiesalackofbasichealthroutines缺乏基本的衛(wèi)生習慣TheGreatFluEpidemicPara.7&8ItstruckneartheendoftheFirstWorldWarThemostacuteworldwideepidemicTheyoungandfitweremorelikelytobeaffectedMorepeoplediedofthefluthandiedinthewarItwascompletelynewV.(疾病、災難等)侵襲；攻擊年輕力壯者SARSPara.9~12ItwascompletelynewItbeganwithalungdiseaseMostpeoplehadnonaturaldefensesagainstthedisease

Yet,ithasbeenforgottenbyhistory天然防護(抗體)SpanishFluTherewereno___________drugsor______totreatit.prescriptiontablets“Withrecentpressreports

drawingparallelsbetween

BirdFluandakillerepidemicinthepast,JimSmithlooksthrough

thehistoryofepidemicsforclues(線索)aboutwhatthefuturemighthold.”drawparallels

between

A.todrawthesign“=”B.toshowtwodifferentthingsaresimilar

Whatdoesthewritertellusinthe

backgroundintroduction?

lookthroughA.toexaminesth.carefullyB.tolookatsth.withaglance(一瞥)Theintroductionintendstoshowusthat:

BirdFluissimilartoakillerepidemicinthehistory;Scientistsarelookingforcluestohelpfuturestudy.Readthesecondparagraphandfindoutwhyscientistslookthroughthehistoryofepidemics.

Scientistshope________.tofindouthowepidemicshavehappenedtopredictandpreventepidemicsinthefuturetoseehowbacteriaandviruseshavebeenaffectedhumanlifetoseewhatthefutureoftheworldwillbelike“…todiscoverthecausesandeffects(因果關系)ofepidemics,andhopefully,foreseeandpreventtheminthefuture.”Readthelastparagraphandseeifthewriterpresentsasolution?Ifhedoes,whatisitorwhatarethey?Yes,hedoes.“Countries

willneedto

worktogethertodothis”;Wehaveto

havefaith

thattherewillbesolutionsintimeto

stopabirdFluepidemic

initstracks.find“acureforBirdFluassoonaspossible”Howdoeshesupporthissolution?——Byanalyzingtheepidemicsinhistory.Thestructureofthisdiscursiveessay1.Statement:BirdFlu=SpanishFlu2.Problem:Howtoforeseeandpreventit3.Ananalysisoftheproblem4.Solution:Internationaleffort&faithCompletethesesentencesaboutthetextinyourownwords.Weknowthatepidemicshavebeenwithusforthousandsofyearsbecause…2.AnepidemicmayhavebeenoneofthekeycausesofthefalloftheRomanEmpirebecause…3.The“BlackDeath”spreadrapidlyinAsiaandEuropebecause…4.SARSspreadfromHongKongtoCanada,VietnamandSingaporebecause…5.ManydoctorsandnursesbecameillwithSARSbecause…

AboutthePlague550AD,RomanemperorJustinian,25%--50%,themainreasonwhytheRomanempirefellAbouttheBlackDeath1330s,inAsia,…providingperfectconditionsforthespreading.?to1/3waslostto…AboutGreatFluEpidemicof1918ThemostacuteworldwideepidemicinthehistorySARSLiuJianjuncametoHongkong,passedthevirustopeople.ThencarrierscarriedittoCanada,…Languagepoints1.drawparallel

between

把兩者相比較(找相似之處)e.g.Hereachedaconclusionafterdrawingparallelsbetweenthesetwocases.他比較這兩起案件之后得出了結(jié)論。

beparallel

to

與…平行；與…相似

=besimilartoe.g.

你的看法和我相似。

Youropinionisparalleltomine.★parallel雖為adj.,但無比較級、最高級。（perfect，favorite）=compareAwithB*parallel

n.相似物,平行線*parallel

adj.類似的,平行的2.lookthrough瀏覽e.g.Heoftenlooksthroughseveralnewspapersbeforebreakfast.

逐一查看，仔細檢查e.g.TherearesomepapersthatIhavetolookthroughtonight.

穿過…看e.g.

Lookthroughthewindowandyou’llseeabeautifulgarden.

看穿某人e.g.Icanlookthroughherthoughtbyherreaction.=gothrough3.…whatthefuturemighthold.將來會是怎樣hold

v.

容納;持有(觀點);承受;保持;仍然有效e.g.Theconcerthallholds1,000audience.Otherstudentsholdtheopinionthatstayingupisharmfultoourhealth.Isthatbranchstrongenoughtoholdyou?Boltholdsthe100-metreworldrecord.TheofferImadetoyoulastweekstillholds.

holdameeting舉行

holdonasecond稍等容納持有…承受保持有效4.takeone’slife

奪走某人生命e.g.TheearthquakeinYa’an,Sichuanprovincehastakenthelivesofnearly200people.Unabletopayoffthedebts,he___________________.

無力償還債務，他自殺了。5.bearound

存在；在附近e.g.

任何時候你需要幫助，我都會在你身邊。

AnytimeyouneedhelpI’llbearound.tookhisown

life=commitsuicide6.aslongas

只要；和…一樣長久e.g.Withthedevelopmentofmedicine,humanbeingsarelikelytoliveaslongas150yearsinthefuture.e.g.Youareallowedtogotothepartytonight,aslongasyoucomebackbefore10o’clock.7.causeandeffect

因果e.g.Everythingthathappenshasitscause

and

effect.

每件事的發(fā)生都有它的前因后果。8.onrecord

有記錄的,有歷史記載的

介詞短語做后置定語e.g.Irentahousewithgarage.(帶車庫的房子)。

Hewastalkingtothemaninblack.(穿黑衣的人)Sheisagirlofgreatkindness.(非常善良的女孩)9.attempttodo…v.

試圖，企圖做…makeanattempt

todo…e.g.

他試圖謀殺國王但沒有成功。

HeattemptedtomurdertheKingbutinvain.10.sweep

v.

打掃，清掃

TombSweepingDay–onApril4thor5th

sweepthrough

流行，迅速傳遍e.g.

這首歌曾經(jīng)風靡大江南北。

Thesongoncesweptthroughthecountry.swept-sweptn.

嘗試，試圖=spread11.…upto

50%ofthepopulationdiedfromthisepidemic,makingitoneofthemaincausesofthefalloftheRomanEmpire.upto+數(shù)量詞:(數(shù)目)高達，多達…

fall

(n.)

衰敗，沒落

riseandfall(指人生)起伏,興衰

making的主語是______,在句中作______狀語。e.g.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,______(make)itthemostpopularsportintheworld.e.g.Hisparentsdied,______(leave)himandhisbrotheralone.整件事makingleavingupsanddowns結(jié)果=whichmakesit相當于非限制性定從=whichmakesit=whichlefthime.g.Hecutofftheelectricityimmediately,__________(prevent)aterribleaccident.e.g.Itrainedheavily,_______(cause)seriousfloodinginthatcountry.preventing=whichpreventedcausing=whichcaused12.alackof

缺乏e.g.Thecompanycloseddown(由于缺乏資金)_____________________.

lack

vt.

缺乏

lacking

adj.缺乏的，不足的

belackingin在…方面不足，欠缺e.g.Thereportsaysthatmostofpeopletodayarelackinginsocialresponsibility.lack

n.duetoalackofmoneybecauseitlackedmoney.13.strike

v.

struck–struck/striken

(災難疾病等)侵襲;e.g.Theareawasstruckbyaheavystorm.

打動;

What

struck

memostwastheirpassionforwork.使我深受感動的是他們對工作的熱情。

罷工;TheLaborUnionisstriking

forapayriseof10%.工會正為提薪10%而罷工。

想到

Itsuddenlystruckmehowtoworkitout.=Itsuddenly__________me…occurredto14.leave…doing:讓sth./sb.一直處于…狀態(tài)e.g.

別讓水一直流。

Don’tleavethewaterrunning.leave

sth./sb.+adj./adv./V-ing(主動)/V-ed

(被動)e.g.Luke出去了但作業(yè)沒做完。

Lukewentoutbutlefthishomework___________.e.g.

他的雙親去世了，留下他獨自一人。

Hisparents’deathlefthim_____.e.g.

隔壁的噪音讓我一夜無眠。

Thenoisefromnextdoorleftme________.aloneunfinishedadv.V-edawakenadj.16.atendencytodo

帶有…的傾向

=tendtodo往往，傾向于,易于e.g.Peoplehaveatendencytomakemistakeswhentheydothingsinahurry.tendto15.theyoungandfit

年輕力壯的人

the+adj.

表示一類人

[反]theoldandweak

年老體弱者17.

It’ssaid/reported/believedthatsb./sth.……=sb./sth.issaidto+bedoinghavedonee.g.Heissaidto________totheSouththiswinter.據(jù)說他今年冬天要搬到南方去。Hiscompanyissaidto____________.據(jù)說他的公司遇到了困難。Thechildrenaresaidto_________bytheriver.據(jù)說孩子們正在河邊玩。Theyaresaidto________London.據(jù)說他們已經(jīng)離開倫敦。Theyweresaidto______________inthebattle.據(jù)說他們已在戰(zhàn)斗中被殺死了。do未發(fā)生/現(xiàn)在狀態(tài)正在進行(在say之前)已完成movebeintroublebeplayinghavelefthavebeenkilled18.“Havingkilledupto50millionpeople…,theSpanishFluisbelievedtohavebeenthemostacuteepidemicinhistory.”kill的主語是___________,由主語(主動/被動)完成。bebelievedtohavebeen“被認為是”表示(未發(fā)生/正在進行/已經(jīng)完成)的動作，是在kill(之前/之后)發(fā)生,所以用havingkilled表示主語主動做的這一動作在另一動作之前發(fā)生。e.g._______________(realize)hismistake,Tomapologizedtohisteacher.__________________(help)somanytimes,theoldmancoulddonothingbutthankedthevolunteers.SpanishFlu√√√HavingrealizedHavingbeenhelped被動:Havingbeendone1.______areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.

A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived2._____manytimes,hefinallyunderstoodit.(09四川10)A.Told

B.Telling

C.Havingtold

D.Havingbeentold

3.Ihearthey’vepromotedTom,buthedidn’tmention_____whenwetalkedonthephone.(08江西24)A.topromote

B.havingbeenpromotedC.havingpromoted

D.tobepromoted4._____

aroundtheWaterCube,wewerethentakentoseetheBird’sNestforthe2008OlympicGames.(08陜西14)A.Havingshown

B.Tobeshown

C.Havingbeenshown

D.ToshowCDBC5._____

toreachthemonthephone,wesentanemailinstead.(08重慶29)A.Fail

B.Failed

C.Tofail

D.Havingfailed6._____inthequeueforhalfanhour,theoldmansuddenlyrealizedhehadleftthechequeinthecar.(08福建22)A.Waiting

B.Towait

C.Havingwaited

D.TohavewaitedDC19.thesestatisticsaremuchlessimpressivethanthosefortheSpanishFlu.those:代詞,替代上文出現(xiàn)過的復數(shù)名詞

Thewatchesinthisshoparecheaperthan_____intheshopacrossthestreet.that:替代上文出現(xiàn)過的同類事物,常指代不可數(shù)n.

TheweatherinHainanismuchwarmerthan____inShanghaiatthistimeoftheyear.one:用法同that,但常指單數(shù)可數(shù)n.—Ipadwasquitehandytouse.—Really?Iwillget_____,too.it:替代前文中提到的同一事物,為單數(shù)n.;或整件事。that=statisticsthose=watches=weatherone=anIpad

it:替代前文中提到的同一事物,為單數(shù)n.;或整件事。

Ihavelostmypurse.Itwasblack.Jamesgotmarriedlastmonth.Haveyouheardaboutit?=thewholething=mypurse20.dotrialson

對…進行試驗e.g.

醫(yī)院對這種新藥已經(jīng)進行了許多次試驗。

Thehospitalhasdonemanytrials

onthenewmedicine.

(be)

ontrial(在)試用(期間)e.g.

他被雇來試用兩周。

Hhibit

v.

禁止,阻止；限制,妨礙

prohibitsb.

______doingsth.e.g.Thenewlawprohibitspeoplefromsmokinginthepublicplaces.from/forbid/ban+doing=carryoutexperimenton22.outbreak

n.(戰(zhàn)爭、疾病、災難等)爆發(fā)

breakout(戰(zhàn)爭、疾病、災難等)爆發(fā)e.g.ThesuddenattackofGermanyonPolandmarkedtheoutbreakofWorldWarII.

德國突襲波蘭標志著二戰(zhàn)的爆發(fā)。23.havefaith___sth.對…有信心[反]losefaith

in

sth.對…失去信心inLanguagePoints1.wipeout

徹底毀滅e.g.

洪水徹底淹沒了整個村莊。

Thefloodswipedoutthewholevillage.

抹去，消除e.g.

沒有什么能夠抹去他過去痛苦的記憶。

Nothingcouldwipeouthisbittermemoriesofthepast.2.upto(數(shù)量等)高達，多達e.g.

多達3000個人去聽了這場演唱會。

Upto3,000peopleattendedtheconcert.+數(shù)量詞3.dieof/diefrom

死于內(nèi)部原因(情感、凍餓等)：_______外在原因(外傷、事故等)：_______

died____hunger/cold/illness/oldage.

died____wound/accident/overwork/carelessness/drinking.Hedied____lungcancer.____smoking.dieofdiefromoffromoffromPhrases1.drawparallelbetweenbeparallelto2.lookthrough3.takeone’slife4.causeandeffect5.onrecord6.attempttodo7.sweepthrough

swept–swept8.alackof

在兩者之間比較與…相似瀏覽；仔細檢查奪走某人的生命因果關系有歷史記載的嘗試做…席卷，蔓延缺乏9.leave…h(huán)ibitsb.fromdoing13.havefaith(in)losefaithin14.Itsuddenlystrikemethat…讓…處于某種狀態(tài)帶有…的傾向?qū)ΑM行試驗禁止某人做某事對…有信心對…失去信心我突然想起…Practices1.Itmustbethecoldestwinter__________inhistory.這肯定是有歷史記載以來最冷的冬天。2.Hissight__________him___________apilot.他的視力阻止他成為一名飛行員。3.Thecropsisdyingdueto____________rain.4.Thegovernmentistryingto__________drugdealingontheboundary.政府竭力清除邊境毒品交易。5.Thescientist_____many__________theliquidandfinallygotaresult.這個科學家對液體做了多次試驗，最終得到了結(jié)果。onrecordprohibitedfrombeingalackofwipeoutdidtrialson6.It’ssaidthattheoldlibrarywillberebuilt.=Theoldlibrary______________________.7.It’sreportedthatanearthquakehappenedlastnightinItaly.=Anearthquake_______________________lastnightinItaly.8.He______________escapefromtheprisonbut__________.他試圖越獄但沒有成功。9.Atthatmoment,___________________________Iwaswastingmytime.那一刻,我突然意識到自己是在浪費時間。issaidtoissaidtohavehappenedattemptedtoinvainberebuiltitsuddenlystruckmethat10.Thewar______over10,000______.戰(zhàn)爭奪走了十多萬人的性命。11.Themother____________doinghouseworkand______herbaby_______byitself.媽媽開始做家務，讓小孩子自己一個人玩。12.Keepontrying!Don’t______________yourself!