Unit 9 名詞的數(shù)和主謂一致

Unit9名詞的數(shù)和主謂一致

一.名詞的分類

專有名詞

PropernounsBritainEiffelTowertheUnitedNations普通名詞Commonnouns個(gè)體名詞

Individualnouns

集體名詞Collectivenouns物質(zhì)名詞Materialnouns抽象名詞Abstractnouns可數(shù)名詞Countablenouns不可數(shù)名詞Uncountablenouns注意：專有名詞的第一個(gè)字母要大寫集體名詞CollectivenounsA.

復(fù)數(shù)集體名詞:clothes,police,people,cattle,staffB.

不可數(shù)集體名詞:poetry,machinery,clothing,furniture,equipment,luggage,merchandise,foliageC.army,audience,committee,class,crewfamily,team,government,public,group集體名詞有時(shí)作單數(shù)看待，有時(shí)作復(fù)數(shù)看。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，視為整體時(shí)作單數(shù)看，突出它的成員時(shí)作復(fù)數(shù)看。Hisfamily_____notlarge.(be)Hisfamily______allmusiclovers.(be)isare物質(zhì)名詞coffeeglasspaperwoodiron個(gè)體名詞twocoffeesaglassapaperawoodaniron抽象名詞relationpowerbeautyyouthworry個(gè)體名詞arelationapowerabeautyayouthaworry二、名詞的數(shù)1、可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化(1)一般情況加s:photo---photospiano---pianos(2)詞末為兩個(gè)元音字母加s:

radio---radioszoo---zoosstudio---studioskangaroo---kangaroosbamboo---bamboos(

3)以o結(jié)尾的名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時(shí)，常在詞尾加-s，但是下列名詞要加-es，它們是：黑人英雄愛(ài)吃土豆西紅柿

即：negroes，heroes，potatoes，tomatoes(

4)均可，zero---zeros/zeroes(5)以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時(shí)，一般直接加-s，但下列-f或-fe結(jié)尾的名詞需把-f或-fe去掉，變?yōu)?ves，它們是：為了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿著刀子和一片樹(shù)葉站在架子上把狼劈成兩半，即：selves，lives，thieves，wives，knives，loaves，leaves，shelves，wolves，halves。其它直接加S。--Howmany

doesacowhave?--Four.A．stomaches B．stomach C．stomachs D．StomachiesC2、可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化構(gòu)成方法舉例改變名詞中的元音字母及其他形式man-menwoman-womenmouse-micefoot-feettooth-teethgoose-geese外來(lái)詞沿用原來(lái)的復(fù)數(shù)形式basis-bases基礎(chǔ)analysis-analyses分析crisis-crises危機(jī)medium-media媒介物phenomenon-phenomena現(xiàn)象單復(fù)數(shù)相同sheepdeerseries系列means方法fishspecies物種，種類aircraft飛機(jī)詞尾加-ren/en變復(fù)數(shù)child-childrenox-oxen公牛表示某國(guó)人1、加-s2、單復(fù)同形3、以-man或-woman結(jié)尾的改為men或women1、AustraliansGermansGreeksAmericans2、ChineseJapaneseSwiss瑞士人Portuguese葡萄牙人3、EnglishmenFrenchwomenDutchman3.合成名詞的復(fù)數(shù)合成名詞構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，通常只將里面所含的主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)，如果沒(méi)有主體名詞，則將最后一個(gè)部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。

sons-in-law女婿passers-by過(guò)路人story-tellers講故事的人lookers-on旁觀者另外特殊的將兩部分變成復(fù)數(shù)。womensingersmenservants4.只用復(fù)數(shù)的名詞jeansshoestrouserspajamasglassestimes

greens

lookscontents

arms

fireworksforcescustomsruinsdamagescongratulations三、名詞的所有格‘sof一幅中國(guó)地圖amapofChinaBill的堂兄Bill’scousin我父親的一位朋友a(bǔ)friendofmyfather’s

ExercisesⅠ.MultipleChoices1.Therearethirty________doctorsinourhospital.A.womanB.womenC.woman’sD.women’s2.Howmany_________arethereinyouruniversity?A.radiosB.radioesC.radioD.radio’s3.It’s________walkfrommyhometoschool.A.ten-minutesB.tenminute’sC.tenminutes’D.tenminutes’s

4.LastSundayIsawfour_________carryingmanybagsontheirshoulders.A.passer-byB.passer-bysC.passers-byD.passers-bysBACCⅡ.

ErrorCorrection1.Hisuncle’sandaunt’shouseisinBeijing.2.Therestooda50-feettreeinthegarden.3.Thefarmerhasruinedthesoilsbyplantingthesamecropeveryyear.4.Inspiteofhisagedappearance,hismovementswereasspiritedasayoungman.5.IntheUnitedStates,inchesandfeetsarestillusedasunitsofmeasurement.6.Couldyoupleasetellmetheroom’snumberofLiMing.uncle50-footsoilayoungman’sfeetroom四、主謂一致Ⅰ.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)的情況

Ⅱ.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)的情況Ⅲ.

語(yǔ)法一致原則的情況Ⅳ.就近原則的情況Ⅴ.從句中主謂一致的情況Ⅵ.

就遠(yuǎn)原則Ⅰ.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)的情況

1.形復(fù)意單名詞如：news;國(guó)名如：theUnitedStates;報(bào)紙名如：theNewYorkTimes;書名如：ArabianNights《天方夜譚》；以及theUnitedNations等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。GreatExpectations

waswrittenbyCharlesDickensin1860.TheNewYorkTimes

isapopularreadingmaterialforstudents.2.以ics

結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱，physics,mathematics,mechanics,politics,economics,linguistics,statistics這些詞作學(xué)科意義講時(shí)通常做單數(shù)用。但如果這類名詞表示學(xué)科以外的其它含義，可作復(fù)數(shù)用。

Physicsisanimportantsubjectinmiddleschools.

Mathematicsisthestudyofnumbers.3.名詞詞組中心詞是表示度量,時(shí)間,價(jià)格,金錢,容量等復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí),往往把這些復(fù)數(shù)名詞看作是一個(gè)單一概念,看作整體,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式.

Fivehundredmilesisalongdistance.Twoyearsisenoughto

learnaforeignlanguage.4.不可數(shù)名詞的集體名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù).foliage,machinery,equipment,furniture,merchandise,luggage,poetry

Themachineryhasarrivedundamaged.

AllthemachineryinthefactoryismadeinChina.5.不定式、動(dòng)名詞、以及名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)看作單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

Readingoftenmeanslearning.

ToreadEnglishaloudeverymorningdoesyoualotofgood.

Whathesaidhasbeenrecorded.但是兩個(gè)由and連接的名詞性從句做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果表示兩件事情，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

Whatcausedtheaccidentandwhowasresponsibleforitremainamysterytous.6.由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語(yǔ)的前面,如果分別由each,every,no,manya,morethanone/a

修飾時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Everymanand(every)woman____askedtohelp.(be)Nobirdand(no)beast____seenonthebareisland.(be)Manyaboyand(manya)girl____seenthefilm.(have)Morethanonestudent_____beentothepark.(have)isishashas7.oneof,eitherof,neitherof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Oneofmyfriendsneedsmyhelp.Neitheroftheanswersissatisfactory.

Oneandahalf,oneoutof,onein+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

Oneandahalfapplesisleftontheplate.

Oneintenstudentshasfailedintheexams.

Ayearandahalf_____passed.(have)has8.agreat/gooddealof,alargeamountof,amountsof,abitof+不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

Alargeamountofwaterwasspiltonthefloor.9.主語(yǔ)是由aseriesof,aspeciesof,asequenceof,apieceof,apileof,apairof,atypeof,akindof,asortof,aportionof+名詞構(gòu)成，動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。AseriesoflecturesonpsychologyissaidtobegivenbyMr.Li.Alargeportionofherpoemswaspublishedafterherdeath.Ⅱ.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)的情況1.(1)people,police,cattle,poultry,staff,clothes

Domesticcattleprovideuswithmilk,beefandhides(皮).

TheChinesepeoplearebraveandhard-working.

(2)family,team,group,crowd,crew,army,class,audience,government,committee,public

將該名詞所表示的集體作為一個(gè)整體看待，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;將側(cè)重點(diǎn)放在集體的成員上，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Myfamilyisalargeandhappyone.Thefamilyarelisteningtotheradio.Thecommitteehavedifferentideas.Thecommitteehaspassedaresolution.2.某些以-s結(jié)尾的名詞：（1）compasses,scissors,glasses,shorts,trousers,pants,jeans,shoes,spectacles,scales這一類名詞單獨(dú)使用，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)；如果帶有單位詞，則由單位詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。Joe’snewtrousersareblackandwhite.Onepairofscissorsisnotenoughbutthreepairsofscissorsareenough.（2）其他以-s結(jié)尾的名詞,如arms,clothes,goods,contents內(nèi)容,fireworks,minutes記錄,remains殘余；遺骸,stairs樓梯,thanks謝意,wages,belongings,surroundings,earnings,savings作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù).

(3)單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞：aircraft,deer,sheep,means,species,series等,隨后的動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于這些名詞是用作單數(shù)還是用作復(fù)數(shù)。Theonlymeanstoachievesuccessistoappealtoarms.(訴諸武力)Allmeanshavebeentriedouttoincreaseagriculturalproduction.Anewspeciesofmammalhasbeenfound.3.the+adj/v-ed

表示一類人時(shí)，用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；表示個(gè)別人或抽象概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Thesickhavebeencuredandthelosthavebeenfound.thepoor/dumb/innocent/guilty/unemployed/aged/oppressed/exploitedWecandothedifficultfirst.Theimpossibletakesalittlelonger.Thebestisyettocome.

4.agreat/large/good/considerablenumberof,agreat/goodmany+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。5.anumberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。thenumberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法一致原則的情況1.并列結(jié)構(gòu)both…and,…and…作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù);

Readingandwritingareveryimportant.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)由and連結(jié)時(shí),如果它表示一個(gè)單一的概念,即指同一人或同一物時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),and此時(shí)連接的兩個(gè)詞前只有一個(gè)冠詞。lawandorderbreadandbutterfolkandknifeneedleandthreadloveandhateeggandriceHamandeggs____agoodbreakfast.Ablackandwhitedog___playingintheyard.Ablackandawhitedog____playingintheyard.Thewriterandteacher____reading.Thewriterandtheteacher_____reading.

isisareisare2.allof,someof,anyof,noneof,halfof,mostof,majorityof,percentof,lotsof,alotof,plentyof,aquantityof,quantitiesof,loadsof,heapsof,therestof等加名詞構(gòu)成的主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于該名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。Allofus_____goingtoseethegame.Allofhistime________spentongambling.Mostofthemembers__________there.Someofthemoney______beenstolen.Halfofthebuilding______damagedinthe

explosion.Halfofthestudents______girls.areis/wasare/werehaswasare3.主語(yǔ)是由分?jǐn)?shù)(或百分?jǐn)?shù))+of+名詞構(gòu)成，如果名詞是復(fù)數(shù)，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，反之如果是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞或代詞，則動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，即由后面的名詞決定。Thirty-fivepercentofthedoctorsarewomen.Ninetypercentoftheworkhasbeendone.Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthissea.Ⅳ就近原則的情況1.由or,nor,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…but(also)連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)，隨后的動(dòng)詞形式用就近原則處理。

Mysisterormybrotherislikelytobeathome.

Notonlyyoubutalsoheiswrong.2.therebe

句型中，如名詞由and連接，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由靠近動(dòng)詞的名詞決定單復(fù)數(shù)形式。Therearesaidtobealotofscenicspots.Thereisacarandtwotrucksinfrontofmyhouse.Ⅴ.從句中主謂一致的情況1.強(qiáng)調(diào)句中Itis/was….that….,

如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是原句的主語(yǔ)，則that后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人稱與數(shù)上應(yīng)與原句一致。

ItisIthatamwrong.

Itisyou