一、國(guó)際私法概述

國(guó)際私法PrivateInternationalLaw明月E-mail:mingyue_amy@126.com一、教材及學(xué)者韓德培：《國(guó)際私法新論》（上、下）章尚錦，徐青森：《國(guó)際私法》（第三版）李雙元，歐福永等著：《中國(guó)國(guó)際私法通論》（第三版）課程要求考試課平時(shí)：20%，期末：80%平時(shí)成績(jī)構(gòu)成：出勤10%，課堂表現(xiàn)30%，兩次平時(shí)測(cè)驗(yàn)60%；關(guān)于考試第一章國(guó)際私法概述第二章國(guó)際私法發(fā)展史第三章國(guó)際私法主體第四章沖突規(guī)范與準(zhǔn)據(jù)法第五章沖突規(guī)范的運(yùn)用第一編總論（GeneralTheories）第一章國(guó)際私法概述國(guó)際私法概述國(guó)際私法的概念國(guó)際私法的范圍和性質(zhì)國(guó)際私法的淵源國(guó)際私法的調(diào)整對(duì)象法律沖突調(diào)整方法國(guó)際私法的定義國(guó)內(nèi)法淵源國(guó)際法淵源國(guó)內(nèi)立法國(guó)內(nèi)判例司法解釋國(guó)際公約國(guó)際慣例中國(guó)西安某進(jìn)出口公司有一批電纜。1998年5月15日向老客戶美國(guó)公司發(fā)出要約，規(guī)定15日內(nèi)承諾有效。美國(guó)公司5月27日以郵政快件形式承諾。由于郵政部門工作失誤，將“西安”誤作“西寧”，致使該郵件遲至6月1日才到達(dá)西安進(jìn)出口公司。該西安公司已于5月31日將該電纜授予一家中日合資企業(yè)。美國(guó)公司起訴西安進(jìn)出口公司，要求其承擔(dān)違約責(zé)任。理由是：依照美國(guó)法律，承諾一經(jīng)發(fā)出，即產(chǎn)生法律效力，合同就正式成立。西安公司將貨物轉(zhuǎn)售他人，顯屬違約行為。西安進(jìn)出口公司抗辯稱：要約規(guī)定的15天承諾期限應(yīng)至5月30日屆滿。依照貿(mào)易慣例，5月30日之前未收到承諾，該承諾即失效，合同尚未成立，更談不上違約問(wèn)題。問(wèn)題：根據(jù)本案，回答國(guó)際私法的調(diào)整對(duì)象是什么？案例：美國(guó)公司訴西安公司國(guó)際貨物買賣合同糾紛案一、調(diào)整對(duì)象（P3）(一)國(guó)際民商事法律關(guān)系(InternationalCivil&CommercialLegalRelations)/涉外民商事法律關(guān)系（CivilLegalRelationswithForeignFactors）1、國(guó)際/涉外（特殊：港澳臺(tái)）2、民商事法律關(guān)系：主體、客體和法律事實(shí)3、特征：國(guó)際性、廣泛性、沖突性（P5）定義：法律沖突；屬地管轄權(quán)；屬人管轄權(quán)；間接調(diào)整（沖突規(guī)范或沖突規(guī)則）;直接調(diào)整。（二）范圍（P7）法律沖突；外國(guó)人法律地位、當(dāng)事人國(guó)籍、住所問(wèn)題；有關(guān)國(guó)際民事訴訟及仲裁程序問(wèn)題。（三）調(diào)整國(guó)際民商事法律關(guān)系的途徑（P9）間接調(diào)整（沖突法調(diào)整）與直接調(diào)整（實(shí)體法調(diào)整）思考題1、就“不動(dòng)產(chǎn)所有權(quán)適用不動(dòng)產(chǎn)所在地法”這一規(guī)定而言，下列哪些說(shuō)法正確？A、該規(guī)定屬于統(tǒng)一實(shí)體私法規(guī)范B、該規(guī)定屬于沖突規(guī)范C、該規(guī)定所采取的調(diào)整方法為直接調(diào)整D、該規(guī)定所采取的調(diào)整方法為間接調(diào)整思考題2、下列哪些法律規(guī)范屬于間接調(diào)整規(guī)范？A、結(jié)婚年齡，男不得低于二十二周歲，女不得低于二十周歲B、傷害他人身體者，應(yīng)賠償受害人醫(yī)藥費(fèi)、誤工損失C、法定繼承，適用被繼承人死亡時(shí)住所地法D、結(jié)婚的方式符合婚姻締結(jié)地法的，應(yīng)當(dāng)認(rèn)定為有效1、法則區(qū)別說(shuō)（TheoryofStatutes）（P32-37）13、14世紀(jì)意大利法律注釋學(xué)家巴托魯斯（Bartolus）提出的2、沖突法（Conflictoflaws）1653年荷蘭學(xué)者羅登伯格提出的3、私國(guó)際法（PrivateInternationalLaw）1834年，美國(guó)國(guó)際法奠基人（JosephStory）教授提出的。4、國(guó)際私法（InternationalPrivateLaw）1851年，德國(guó)學(xué)者謝夫納（Schaffner）最早使用。二、國(guó)際私法常用的名稱國(guó)際私法是以解決涉外民事關(guān)系法律適用為核心，包括規(guī)定外國(guó)人民事法律地位規(guī)范、沖突規(guī)范、統(tǒng)一實(shí)體規(guī)范和國(guó)際民事訴訟程序和國(guó)際商事仲裁程序規(guī)范在內(nèi)的一個(gè)獨(dú)立的法律部門。三、國(guó)際私法的定義第二章國(guó)際私法發(fā)展史國(guó)際私法學(xué)說(shuō)發(fā)展史法則區(qū)別說(shuō)意大利法國(guó)荷蘭巴托魯斯杜摩蘭達(dá)讓特萊胡伯法律關(guān)系本座說(shuō)薩維尼既得權(quán)說(shuō)本地法說(shuō)結(jié)果選擇說(shuō)政府利益分析說(shuō)最密切聯(lián)系說(shuō)戴西庫(kù)克凱弗斯柯里里斯Babcockv.Jackson(Citeas:12N.Y2d473-477;191N.E2d279-280;240N.Y.S.2d743-745;1963N.Y.LEXIS1185;95A.L.R.261)OnFriday,September16,1960,MissGeorgiaBabcockandherfriends,Mr.andMrs.WilliamJackson,allresidentsofRochester,leftthatcityinMr.Jackson’sautomobile,MissBabcockasguest,foraweekendtriptoCanada.Somehourslater,asMr.JacksonwasdrivingintheProvinceofOntario,Canada,heapparentlylostcontrolofthecar;itwentoffthehighwayintoanadjacentstonewall,andMissBabcockwasseriouslyinjured.UponherreturntoNewYorkState,shebroughtthepresentactionagainstWilliamJackson,allegingnegligenceonhispartinoperatinghisautomobile.Jacksonhavingdiedafterthecommencementofthesuit,hisexecutrixwassubstitutedinhisplaceasdefendant.Atthetimeoftheaccident,therewasinforceinOntarioastatuteprovidingthat‘theownerordriverofamotorvehicle,otherthanavehicleoperatedinthebusinessofcarryingpassengersforcompensation,isnotliableforanylossordamagesresultingfrombodilyinjuryto,orthedeathofanypersonbeingcarriedinthemotorvehicle’EventhoughnosuchbarisrecognizedunderthisState’ssubstantivelawoftorts,thedefendantmovedtodismissthecomplaintonthegroundthatthelawoftheplacewheretheaccidentoccurredgovernsandthatOntario’sgueststatutebarsrecovery.ThecourtatSpecialTerm,agreeingwiththedefendant,grantedthemotionandtheAppellateDivision,overstrongdissentbyJusticeHalpern,affirmedthejudgmentofdismissalwithoutopinion.OnMay9th,1963,CourtofAppealsofNewYork,theJudge,Fuld,whowrotetheopinion:thereisnoreasonwhyallissuesarisingoutofatortclaimmustberesolvedbyreferencetothelawofthesamejurisdiction.Wheretheissueinvolvesstandardsofconduct,itismorethanlikelythatitisthelawoftheplaceofthetortwhichwillbecontrollingbutthedispositionofotherissuesmustturn,asdoestheissueofthestandardofconductitself,onthelawofthejurisdictionwhichhasthestrongestinterestintheresolutionoftheparticularissuepresented.Thejudgmentappealedfromshouldbereversed,withcosts,andmotiontodismissthecomplaintdenied.1. Question:Shallthelawoftheplaceofthetortinvariablygoverntheavailabilityofreliefforthetortorshalltheapplicablechoiceoflawrulealsoreflectaconsiderationofotherfactorswhicharerelevanttothepurposesservedbytheenforcementordenialoftheremedy?2.RelevantLaw(1)Conflictoflaws---lawgoverningtortactions---traditionalchoiceoflawrule---lawofplaceoftortinvariablygoverns.(2)“centerofgravity”and“groupingofcontracts”doctrineappliedbecause“itgivestotheplace‘havingthemostinterestintheproblem’paramountcontroloverthelegalissuesarisingoutofaparticularfactualcontext”for“thepolicyofthejurisdiction‘mostintimatelyconcernedwiththeoutcomeoftheparticularlitigation.’”(FromAutenv.Auten)(3)merelyfortuitouscircumstancethatthewrongandinjuryoccurreddidnotgivethatstateacontrollingconcernorinterestintheamountofthetortrecovery.(Competinginterestsintortswithmulti-Statecontracts.)(fromKilbergv.NortheastAirlines)(4)ConflictofLawsRestatementinthefieldoftorts---“thelocallawofthestatewh