測繪工程專業(yè)英語第一單元

Unit1WhatisGeomatics?TermsHighlightsGeomatics—測繪學(xué)

EnglishforGeomaticsEngineering(測繪工程專業(yè)英語)Geodesy—大地測量學(xué)Informatics—信息學(xué)，情報(bào)學(xué)GEODESY+GEOINFORMATICS=GEOMATICS將大地測量學(xué)和地球信息學(xué)兩詞合成后就成為測繪學(xué)Surveyor—測量員Hydrographic—海道測量，水道測量TermsHighlightsSurveyingandmapping—測繪Photogrammetry—攝影測量學(xué)Remotesensing(RS)—遙感Globalpositioningsystem—全球定位系統(tǒng)

Satellitepositioning—衛(wèi)星定位Geographicinformationsystems(GIS)—地理信息系統(tǒng)landmanagement—土地管理computergraphics—計(jì)算機(jī)圖形學(xué)WhatisGeomatics?GeomaticsDefinedBranchesofGeomaticsOtherDefinitionsofGeomaticsGeomaticsDefinedGeodesy+Geoinformatics=GeomaticsGeoEarth;maticsMathematicalGeo

Geoscience;maticsInformaticsGeomaticsDefinedThetermgeomaticsemergedfirstinCanadaandasanacademicdiscipline,

ithasbeenintroducedworldwideinanumberofinstitutesofhighereducationduringthepastfewyears,

mostlybyrenamingwhatwaspreviouslycalled“geodesy”or“surveying”,andbyaddinganumberofcomputerscience-and/orGIS-orientedcourses.測繪工程首次出現(xiàn)于加拿大并被當(dāng)作一門學(xué)科，許多高校的學(xué)術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)在過去的幾年當(dāng)中廣泛的推薦了這個(gè)詞，這個(gè)詞來源于過去稱為“大地測量學(xué)”或“測量學(xué)”，并且加入了很多計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)及GIS方面的課程。GeomaticsDefinedMoreexplicitjobdescriptionssuchasLandSurveyor,EngineeringSurveyororHydrographicSurveyorforexample,arecommonlyusedbypractitionerstomoreclearlydescribeandmarkettheirspecializedexpertise.更具體的工作如土地測量員、工程測量員和水道測量員，一般被業(yè)內(nèi)人士用來更準(zhǔn)確的描述他們的專門技術(shù)。Asaresult,bothcourseandawardtitlesinthetraditionalLandSurveyingsectoratmanyoftheworld’

sleadinguniversitiesarebeingchangedto“DegreeinGeomatics”.

結(jié)果，世界上許多一流大學(xué)的傳統(tǒng)的測量專業(yè)的無論是課程還是授予學(xué)位名稱都改為“測繪學(xué)位”。

GeomaticsDefinedInthelastdecade,therehasbeendramaticdevelopmentandgrowthintheuseofhardwareandsoftwaresolutionstobothmeasureandprocessgeo-spatialdata.在過去的十年中，在應(yīng)用硬件和軟件的方法來測量和處理地球空間數(shù)據(jù)工作時(shí)有著戲劇性的發(fā)展和增長。GeomaticsDefinedInaddition,recentadvancesinthetechnologyofdatacollectionandprocessinghaveblurredtheboundariesofpracticeandactivitybetweenwhatwerepreviouslyregardedasrelatedbutseparateareas.另外，最近的數(shù)據(jù)采集和處理技術(shù)的發(fā)展模糊了以前被認(rèn)為有聯(lián)系卻分離的領(lǐng)域的界限。GeomaticsDefinedGeomaticsDefinedThescienceandtechnologyofacquiring,storing,processing,managing,analyzing,andpresentinggeographicallyreferencedinformation(geo-spatialdata).

Thisbroadtermappliesbothtoscienceandtechnology,andintegratesthefollowingmorespecificdisciplinesandtechnologiesincludingsurveyingandmapping,geodesy,satellitepositioning,photogrammetry,remotesensing,geographicinformationsystems(GIS),landmanagement,computersystems,environmentalvisualizationandcomputergraphics.測繪學(xué)是關(guān)于捕獲、存儲、處理、分析以及顯示地理學(xué)相關(guān)信息（地球空間數(shù)據(jù)）的科學(xué)技術(shù)。這個(gè)廣泛的詞匯適用于以下的科學(xué)和技術(shù)，并且整合了以下的一些特定科目和技術(shù)，包括測繪學(xué)，大地測量學(xué)，衛(wèi)星定位，攝影測量學(xué)，遙感，GIS，土地管理，計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)，環(huán)境可視化及計(jì)算機(jī)圖形等內(nèi)容。Dataacquisitiontechniquesincludefieldsurveying,globalpositioningsystem(GPS),satellitepositioning,andremotelysensedimageryobtainedthroughaerialphotographyandsatelliteimagery.數(shù)據(jù)獲取技術(shù)包括普通野外測量，GPS測量，衛(wèi)星定位和遙感圖像獲取，通過航空攝影和衛(wèi)星成像。Italsoincludestheacquisitionofdatabasematerialscannedfromoldermapsandplansanddatacollectedbyrelatedagencies.它還包括數(shù)據(jù)庫資料的獲取―通過掃描就有地圖和設(shè)計(jì)圖，還有有關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)收集的數(shù)據(jù)。BranchesofGeomaticsDatamanagementandprocessarehandledthroughtheuseofcomputerprogramsforengineeringdesign,digitalphotogrammetry,imageanalysis,relationaldatabasemanagement,andgeographicinformationsystems(GIS).

通過計(jì)算機(jī)程序，數(shù)據(jù)管理和處理應(yīng)用于工程設(shè)計(jì)，數(shù)字?jǐn)z影測量，圖像分析，相關(guān)資料庫的管理和GIS。BranchesofGeomaticsDataplotting(presentation)

ishandledthroughtheuseofmappingandotherillustrativecomputerprograms;thepresentationsaredisplayedoncomputerscreens(whereinteractiveeditingcanoccur)andareoutputonpaperfromdigitalplottingdevices.數(shù)據(jù)成圖是通過制圖和其他直觀的計(jì)算機(jī)程序進(jìn)行的；其表達(dá)顯示在計(jì)算機(jī)屏幕上（交互式編輯處理），也可以通過數(shù)字繪圖儀輸出到紙上。BranchesofGeomaticsDataplotting(presentation)BranchesofGeomaticsAsdefinedbytheCanadianInstituteofGeomaticsintheirquarterlyjournal“Geomatica”:Geomaticsisafieldofactivitieswhich,usingasystemicapproach,integratesallthemeansusedtoacquireandmanagespatialdatarequiredaspartofscientific,administrative,legalandtechnicaloperationsinvolvedintheprocessoftheproductionandmanagementofspatialinformation.加拿大測量學(xué)會在他們的季刊“地球空間信息學(xué)”中這樣定義：測繪學(xué)是利用系統(tǒng)的方法，為生產(chǎn)和處理科學(xué)的，行政的，法律的和技術(shù)的業(yè)務(wù)所需的空間信息，將所有獲取和管理空間信息的方法整合在一起的活動領(lǐng)域。OtherDefinitionsofGeomaticsThedefinitionofGeomaticsisevolving.測繪學(xué)定義在發(fā)展。Aworkingdefinitionmightbe“theart,scienceandtechnologiesrelatedtothemanagementofgeographically-referencedinformation.”現(xiàn)行的一個(gè)定義是“涉及工藝、科學(xué)和技術(shù)的地理信息的處理”。OtherDefinitionsofGeomaticsGeomaticsincludesawiderangeofactivities,fromtheacquisitionandanalysisofsite-specificspatialdatainengineeringanddevelopmentsurveystotheapplicationofGISandremotesensingtechnologiesinenvironmentalmanagement.Itincludescadastralsurveying,hydrogr