名詞性從句講義教師版

環(huán)球雅思學(xué)校輔導(dǎo)講義授課日期：2015.01. 時(shí)段：10：00-12：00輔導(dǎo)科目：英語 學(xué)員姓名： 年級：初三學(xué)科教師：王碩楠 課時(shí)數(shù)：3k 第次課課題名詞性從句教學(xué)目標(biāo)了解名詞性從句的一般用法和特殊用法教學(xué)重點(diǎn)主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句教學(xué)難點(diǎn)同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別教學(xué)內(nèi)容名詞性從句一、主語從句.主語從句的語序主語從句要求使用陳述句語序，而非一般疑問句語序。如：Whatsurprisedmemostwasthatthelittlegirlcouldplaytheviolinsowell.使我感到驚訝的是這個(gè)小女孩的小提琴拉得太好了。Howhewassuccessfulisstillapuzzle.他是如何成功的仍然是個(gè)謎。.連接詞的選用（1）that和what的選用that和what都可引導(dǎo)主語從句。what除起連接作用外，還在名詞性從句中充當(dāng)某些成分，可作從句的主語、賓語或表語。而that在名詞性從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，無詞義，只起連接詞作用。如：Whathewantsisabook.他想要的是，本書。Thatlighttravelsinstraightlinesisknowntoall.眾所周知，光線沿直線運(yùn)行。（2）if和whether的選用引導(dǎo)主語從句，不能用if，只能用whether。如：Whetherwewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.我們明天是否在戶外開晚會要看天氣而定。（3）其它連接代詞和副詞的選用根據(jù)主語從句的具體意義，正確的選擇who,which,when,where,why,how等連接詞，這些連接詞既有疑問含義，又起連接作用，同時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)各種成分。如：Whenweshallholdoursportsmeetisnotdecided.我們何時(shí)舉行運(yùn)動(dòng)會還沒有決定。Whobroketheglassyesterdayisnotclear.還不清楚昨天誰打破了玻璃。Whichcaryouwillchoosetobuymakesnodifference.你決定買哪一輛車都不會有任何區(qū)別。（4）whatever/whoever的功用whatever,whoever在主語從句中不含疑問意義。它引導(dǎo)主語從句，并在從句中作主語、賓語、表語等。whatever一anythingthat;whoever=anyonewho。要注意和whatever,whoever引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句的區(qū)別。如：

Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepunished.(主語從句)(=Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.)Whoeverbreaksthelaw,heshouldbepunished.(讓步狀語從句)(=Nomatterwhobreaksthelaw,heshouldbepunished.)it構(gòu)成的主語從句(1)由連詞that引導(dǎo)的主語從句，在大多數(shù)情況下會放到句子的后面，而用代詞it作形式主語。謂語是seem,appear,becertain,beapity,beawonder,beone'shope,belikely等詞或短語時(shí)。Itiswell-knownthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.眾所周知，地球圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)。需要注意的是，it作形式主語代替主語從句時(shí)，要注意和as引導(dǎo)的定語從句的區(qū)別。試比較：ItwasreportedthattheUSwasundertheterroristattack.(主語從句，有that，無逗號)Aswasreported,theUSwasundertheterroristattack.(定語從句，無that，有逗號)上兩句意為“據(jù)報(bào)道，美國遭到恐怖分子的襲擊”。用于Itissuggested/required/ordered/demandedm2匕..句型中，動(dòng)詞為表示命令、建議、要求等意義的詞。主語從句應(yīng)使用虛擬語氣，謂語動(dòng)詞用"should+動(dòng)詞原形”,should可以省略。例如：Itissuggestedthatyou(should)spendmoretimeinstudyingEnglish,你應(yīng)該花更多的時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)英語。(2)常見用it作形式主語的復(fù)合句結(jié)構(gòu)1.Itisafact(agoodidea/apity/ashame/nowonder/goodnews...)that…如：It'sapitythatyoumissedthefilm.你沒有看那部電影真是太遺憾了。(3)Itisnecessary(clear/true/strange/important/wonderful/possible/likely…)that…需要注意的是，這類主語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞很多為‘(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”，即要用虛擬語氣。如：Itisnecessarythatyou(should)masterthecomputer.你很有必要掌握電腦。ItisimportantthatastudentlearnEnglishwell.學(xué)生學(xué)好英語很重要。It'sclearthattheybadlyneedhelp.很明顯，他們急需援助。Itislikelythatahurricanewillarrivesoon.颶風(fēng)很可能馬上就要到達(dá)了。Itisreported(well-known/hoped/thought/expected/said/believed/decided/suggested/ordered.)that…如：Itissaidthathewaskilledintheearthquake.據(jù)說他在地震中喪生了。.Itseems(happened/appears/doesn'tmatter/makesnodifference/…)that…如：Itseemsthattheywillwinthegame.看起來他們好像會贏得這場比賽。Itmakesnodifferencewhetherhewillattendthemeetingornot,他是否會參加會議都無關(guān)緊要。TheForeignMinistersaid,"ourhopethatthetwosideswillworktowardspeace."A.ThisisB.ThereisC.ThatisD.Itis句式用形式主語句式用形式主語it引導(dǎo)的主語從句相當(dāng)多，Itissaidthat...據(jù)說 Itiswellknownthat...眾所周知 Itisbelievedthat...人們相信 Itisunderstoodthat...自不待言 Itmustbeadmittedthat...必須承認(rèn)….有些已形成固定的語法和譯法。常見的有:Itisreportedthat...據(jù)報(bào)導(dǎo) Itisannouncedthat...據(jù)宣布 Itisthoughtthat...人們認(rèn)為 Itmustbepointedoutthat...必須指出 否定轉(zhuǎn)移1）將think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,imagine等動(dòng)詞后面賓語從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，即主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用否定式，而從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用肯定式。Idon'tthinkIknowyou.我想我并不認(rèn)識你。Idon'tbelievehewillcome,我相信他不回來。注意：若謂語動(dòng)詞為hope,賓語從句中的否定詞不能轉(zhuǎn)移。Ihopeyouweren'till.我想你沒有生病吧。2）將seem,appear等后的從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移到前面。Itdoesn'tseemthattheyknowwheretogo.看來他們不知道往哪去。Itdoesn'tappearthatwe'llhaveasunnydaytomorrow.看來我們明天不會碰上好天氣。3）有時(shí)將動(dòng)名詞，介詞短語或整個(gè)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閷χ^語動(dòng)詞的否定。Idon'trememberhavingeverseensuchaman.我記得從未見過這樣一個(gè)人。（not否定動(dòng)名詞短語having...）It'snotaplacewhereanyonewouldexpecttoseestrangecharactersonthestreet.在這里，人們不會想至U在街上會碰上陌生的人。（anyone作主語，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞不能用否定形式。）4）有時(shí)狀語或狀語從句中否定可以轉(zhuǎn)移到謂語動(dòng)詞前。Theantisnotgatheringthisforitselfalone.（否定狀語）螞蟻不只是為自己采食。HewasnotreadytobelievesomethingjustbecauseAristotlesaidso.（否定because狀語）他并不因亞里斯多德說過如何如何，就輕信此事。Shehadnotbeenmarriedmanyweekswhenthatman'syoungerbrothersawherandwasstruckbyherbeauty.（否定狀語manyweeks）她結(jié)婚還不到幾個(gè)月，這個(gè)人的弟弟就看見她了，并對她的美貌著了迷。.youdon'tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,ourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinspace.A.whereB.whatC.thatD.howeavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who二、表語從句表語從句在復(fù)合句中作表語的名詞性從句，放在系動(dòng)詞之后，一般結(jié)構(gòu)足主語+連系動(dòng)詞+表語從句”?？梢越颖碚Z從句的連系動(dòng)詞有be,look,remain,seem等。引導(dǎo)表語從句的that?？墒÷浴Ａ硗?，常用的還有thereasonisthat...和Itisbecause等結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Thequestioniswhetherwecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime.Thisiswhywecan'tgetthesupportofthepeople.ButthefactremainsthatwearebehindtheotherclassesThereasonheislateforschoolisthathemissedtheearlybus.三、同位語從句同位語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句。.同位語從句的功能同位語從句對于名詞進(jìn)一步解釋，說明名詞的具體內(nèi)容，一般由that引導(dǎo)，例如：Theking'sdecisionthattheprisonerwouldbesetfreesurprisedallthepeopleTheorderthatallthesoldiersshouldstaystillisgivenbythegeneral..同位語在句子中的位置同位語從句有時(shí)可以不緊踉在它所說明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開。例如：HegotthenewsfromMarythatthesportsmeetingwasputoff..同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別（1）定語從句中的that既代替先行詞，同時(shí)以在從句中作某個(gè)成分（主語或賓語），而同位語從句中的that是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當(dāng)句中任何成分。（2）定語從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對先行詞加以限定，描述定的性質(zhì)或特征；同位語從句是名詞性的，其功能是對名詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。例如：ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear.（他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國。）（第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的從句是定語從句，that在從句中作賓語）

2)ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim.(湯姆將出國的消息是他講的。)(同位語從句，that在句中不作任何成分)四、賓語從句一.賓語從句的種類賓語從句是一種名詞性從句，在句中作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語，或介詞的賓語，或形容詞的賓語。根據(jù)引導(dǎo)賓語從句的不同連詞，賓語從句可分為三類。.由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。That只有語法作用，沒有實(shí)在的意義，在口語和非正式文體中可以省略。例如：Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.Shedoesn,tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed..由連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,which和連接副詞when,where,why,how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語從句中充當(dāng)某個(gè)成分。例如：Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfoe?Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?Idon,tknowwhythetrainislate..由if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.二.賓語從句的語序賓語從句的語序應(yīng)為陳述句的語序。例如：Ihear(that)physicsisn,teasy.Ithink(that)youwilllikethisschoolsoon.CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo?Pleasetellmewhenwe,llhavethemeeting.三.賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài).如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，賓語從句該用什麼時(shí)態(tài)就用什麼時(shí)態(tài)。如：Idon,tthink(that)youareright.Pleasetelluswhereheis.CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?.如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí)，賓語從句只能用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)(一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去將來時(shí)，過去完成時(shí))。例如：Heaskedwhattimeitwas.Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeet.HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon..如果賓語從句所陳述的是客觀真理，其時(shí)態(tài)常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如：OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.【中考范例】MissGreendidn'ttellusin2002.A.wheredoessheliveB.WhereshelivesC.wheredidsheliveD.whereshelivedWouldyoupleasetellme?A.whendidhecomehomeC.ifhehadseenthefilmA.whendidhecomehomeC.ifhehadseenthefilmD.whyhedidn,twatchthegameIdon,tknowwhen.A.willthetrainleaveB.thetrainwillleaveC.wouldthetrainleaveD.thetrainleave---Wedon,tknow.---ItissaidthathewasborninSweden.A.whatheisB.ifheliveshereC.wherehecomesfromD.whichcountryishefrom賓語從句練習(xí)Doyouknowduringthecomingsummerholiday?A.whatwillTomdo B.whatdidTomdoC.whatTomwilldo D.whatTomdidIwanttoknow.A.whatishisname B.what,shisnameC.thathisnameis D.whathisnameisDoyouknowIcouldpasstheexam?A.thatB.whetherC.whatD.whichJimdoesn,tunderstand.whichisthewaytothemuseumwhyhiswifealwaysgoesshoppingwhatisthewaytothemuseumwhydoesshealwaysgoshopping---Couldyoutellmesheislookingfor?A.thatB.whoseC.whoD.whichMr.Kingdidn,tknowyesterdayevening.whendoeshissoncomehomewhenhissoncomeshomewhendidhissoncomehomewhenhissoncamehomeCouldyoutellmethebikethismorning?A.howdoeshemendB.howhemendsC.howhemendedD.howdidhemend---I'mwaitingforthemail.Doyouknowitwillarrive?---Usuallyitcomesby4:00.A.howB.whereC.whenD.what---Excuseme,wouldyoupleasetellme?---Certainly.Gostraightalonghere.Ifsnexttoahospital.howwecangettothepostofficehowcanwegettothepostofficehowgettothepostofficehowcouldwegettothepostoffice---CanIhelpyou?---Yes.I,dlikeatickettoMountEmei.Canyoutellmetaketogetthere?A.howsoonwillit B.howsoonitwillC.howlongitwill D.howlongwillitHewantedtoknow.whetherhespeaksatthemeetingwhenthemeetingwouldstartwhathe,sgoingtodoatthemeetingwherewouldthemeetingbeheld---CouldyoutellmetheBambooGarden?---Thedayaftertomorrow,Ithink.A.whenwillyouvisit B.whenyouwillvisitC.whenwouldyouvisit D.whenyouwouldvisitWouldyoupleasetellmenext,MrWang?A.whatshouldwedo B.weshoulddowhatC.whatweshoulddo D.shouldwedowhatYoucan,timaginewhentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.A.howtheywereexcited B.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedwerethey D.theywerehowexcitedIwanttoknowyouwillcomebackat8:00tomorrow.A.thatB.whenC.whereD.whether---Couldyoutellme?---Sorry,Idon,tknow.Iwasnotatthemeeting.whatdoeshesayatthemeetingwhatdidhesayatthemeetingwhathesaysatthemeetingwhathesaidatthemeeting---Couldyoutellmelastnight?---Er,IwaswatchingEuro2004athome.A.whatyouweredoingB.whatwereyoudoingC.whatyouaredoingD.whatareyoudoingTheteacheraskedthestudents.iftheywereinterestedindinosaurswhenwasAlbertEinsteinbornwhattheywilldowiththecomputershowmanytreestheyhaveplantedEverymorningthepatientsareaskediftheirtemperaturetaken.A.theyhadhad B.havetheyhadC.theyhavehad D.hadtheyhadIt,suptoyoutodecideyou,llgothere,byairorbyroad.A.howB.whyC.thatD.when二.根據(jù)漢語句子的意思完成下列英語句子.李明說他對玩電腦游戲感興趣。LiMingsaysinterestedinplayingcomputergames..我認(rèn)為瑪麗不回來了。Idon,tthinkMary..山姆給我說他準(zhǔn)備去上海。SamtoldmethatheforShanghai..請你告訴我去鐘樓怎麼走嗎？CouldyoutellmeIcangettotheBellTower?.父親說他買了一臺新電腦。Fathersaidthatheanewcomputer...我想知道今天晚上還有沒有去北京的火車。IwanttoknowthereisatraintoBeijing..你知道一個(gè)雙人間多少錢嗎？Doyouknowadoubleroom?.請你告訴我我們外出多長時(shí)間好嗎？Couldyoutellmewe'regoingtobeaway?.叔叔說他正在寫一本新小說。Unclesaidthatheanewnovel..杰克說他有重要事情要做。Jacksaidhesomethingimportanttodo.【練習(xí)答案】一.1.C2.D3.B4.B5.C6.D7.C8.C9.A10.C11.B12.B13.C14.B15.D16.D17.A18.A19.C20.A二.1.heis2.willcome3.wasleaving4.how5.hadbought6.if(whether)7.howmuch8.howlong9.waswriting10.had中考英語名詞性從句習(xí)題精選.Hissuccesswasbecauseofhehadbeenworkinghard.A.thatB.thefactwhichC.thefactthatD.thefact."IsMaryfromNewYorkCity""Idon'tknow."fromwhatcitydoesshecomefromfromwhatcityshecomewhatcitydoesshecomefromwhatcityshecomesfrommakesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoeverD.WhateverThereasonwhyIdidn'tgotoShanghaiwasanewjob.A.becauseIgotB.becauseofgettingC.IgotD.thatIgotItworriedherabitherhairwasturninggrey.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.forHenrykilledthedog.I'llaskhimwhy.A.didhedothatB.hedidthatC.hedidD.hehasdonesoHaveyouseenHenrylatelyMybosswantstoknow.A.howheisgettingalonghowishegettingalongwhatheisgettingalongwhatishegettingalongItisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildheorshewants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.wheneverHeaskedmewithme.A.whatisthetroubleB.whatwrongwasC.whatwasthematterD.whattroubleitisIamsurehesaidistrue.A.thatB.aboutthatC.ofthatD.thatwhatWhenandwhyhecamehereyet.A.isnotknownB.arenotknownC.hasnotknownD.havenotbee12.Iwonderhowmuch.A.doesthewatchcostB.didthewatchcostC.thewatchcostedD.thewatchcostsMaryissomeonemightrecognizeher.A.afraidofB.afraidaboutC.afraidthatD.afraidfor14.isnoreasonfordismissingher.BecauseshewasafewminuteslateOwingtoafewminuteslateThefactthatshewasafewminuteslateBeingafewminuteslateTheycametotheconclusionbyacomputer.thatnotallthingscanbedonebecauseofnotallthingsbedonebeingnotallthingscanbedonebecausenotallthingscanbedoneWhytheexplosionoccurredwasthelaboratoryattendanthadbeencareless.A.forB.becauseC.sinceD.thatIdon'tdoubthe'llcome.A.thatB.ifC.whatD.whether"Whydidyougotothewrongclass,Mr.Wang""Well,IforgetIwassupposedtogoto."A.whichtheroomB.whichroomC.whatwastheroomD.whatroomwasitOutputisnowsixtimesitwasbeforeliberation.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.ofwhichMary:Helenisamerewasherwoman,yetshe'snowbuy