高中英語(yǔ)人教版Unit1Friendship unit1periodthree

PeriodThreeGrammar&Writing語(yǔ)法感知將下列直接引語(yǔ)改為間接引語(yǔ)1．Ourgeographyteachersaidtous，“Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.”→Ourgeographyteachertoldusthatthesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.2．Shesaidtome，“Icamebackanhourago.”→Shetoldme(that)shehadcomebackanhourbefore.3．“Canyouhelpmewithmychemistry？”TomaskedSara.→TomaskedSaraif/whethershecouldhelphimwithhischemistry.4．Thelawyersaid，“Iwillcomethismorning.”→Thelawyersaidthatshe/hewouldgothatmorning.5．“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays？”heasked.→HeaskedmewhereIhadbeenthosedays.語(yǔ)法精析對(duì)于直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)的掌握，我們可以遵循這樣一個(gè)原則：一個(gè)概念，兩種形式，三種句型，四種變化。一個(gè)概念：直接引述別人的原話，叫作直接引語(yǔ)；用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，叫作間接引語(yǔ)。兩種形式：直接引語(yǔ)前后要加引號(hào)；間接引語(yǔ)不用加引號(hào)。三種句型：陳述句、疑問句和祈使句。四種變化：人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)序和狀語(yǔ)。一、陳述句直接引語(yǔ)是陳述句，變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，由連詞that引導(dǎo)，that在口語(yǔ)中可以省略。Themansaid，“Iamverypoor.”→Themansaid(that)hewasverypoor.二、疑問句1．直接引語(yǔ)是一般疑問句，變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，由連詞whether或if引導(dǎo)。Heaskedme，“AreyouinterestedinWeChat？”→Heaskedmeif/whetherIwasinterestedinWeChat.2．直接引語(yǔ)是特殊疑問句，變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，由相應(yīng)的疑問詞who，whom，whose，how，when，why，where等引導(dǎo)。“Whydidsherefusetogothere？”theteacherasked.→Theteacheraskedwhyshehadrefusedtogothere.三、直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)的四種變化1．直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要注意人稱的變化。對(duì)于人稱的變化，可記住下面的順口溜：“一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不更新?！?1)“一隨主”是指在直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果直接引語(yǔ)中的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾，在間接引語(yǔ)中，從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語(yǔ)的人稱而變化。Shesaid，“Mybrotherwantstogowithme.”→Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogowithher.(2)“二隨賓”是指直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，若直接引語(yǔ)中的主語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)是第二人稱，或被第二人稱所修飾，在間接引語(yǔ)中，從句中的人稱要跟引號(hào)外的主句的賓語(yǔ)一致。如果引號(hào)外的主句沒有賓語(yǔ)，也可以用第一人稱。HeaskedKate，“Howisyoursisternow？”→HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen.(3)“第三人稱不更新”是指直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果直接引語(yǔ)中的主語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾，在間接引語(yǔ)中，從句中的人稱一般不需要變化。MrSmithsaid，“Jackisagoodworker.”→MrSmithsaidJackwasagoodworker.2．直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如果是過去時(shí)，從句(即間接引語(yǔ)部分)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在時(shí)態(tài)方面要做相應(yīng)的變化。變化如下：直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)一般過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)不變一般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)注意：直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)不發(fā)生變化的情況：(1)主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來時(shí)，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)不變。Hesays，“Iamveryhappy.”→Hesaysthatheisveryhappy.(2)直接引語(yǔ)是客觀真理、諺語(yǔ)和格言時(shí)，其時(shí)態(tài)不變。“Theearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth，”theteachertoldme.→Theteachertoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth.(3)直接引語(yǔ)中有具體的過去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。Tomsaid，“IwasbornonApril21,1980.”→TomsaidhewasbornonApril21,1980.3．直接引語(yǔ)是一般疑問句或特殊疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)要把疑問句的語(yǔ)序變?yōu)殛愂鼍涞恼Z(yǔ)序。Heaskedme，“Doyoureallyunderstandthemeaningofthesentence？”→HeaskedmeifIreallyunderstoodthemeaningofthesentence.4．時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、指示代詞及方向性動(dòng)詞的變化。引語(yǔ)用詞直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)指示代詞thisthatthesethose時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)nowthentodaythatdaythismorningthatmorningtomorrowthenext/followingdayyesterdaythedaybeforelastnightthenightbeforenextweekthenext/followingweekagobefore地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)herethere方向性動(dòng)詞bringtakecomego如果轉(zhuǎn)述時(shí)是在原來的地方或說話的當(dāng)天，就不必改變指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等。[題組訓(xùn)練]Ⅰ.將下列直接引語(yǔ)改為間接引語(yǔ)1．Hesaid，“Thesebooksaremine.”→Hesaidthosebookswerehis.2．Myteacherasked，“Ishecoming？”→Myteacheraskedwhether/ifhewascoming.3．Shesaid，“Mymothertookmetoanexhibitionyesterday.”→Shesaidthathermotherhadtakenhertoanexhibitionthedaybefore.4．MrWangsaid，“IwillleaveforShanghaionbusinessnextmonth，children.”→MrWangtoldthechildrenthathewouldleaveforShanghaionbusinessthenextmonth.5．ZhangHongsaidtome，“DoctorWangpassedawayin1948.”→ZhangHongtoldmethatDoctorWangpassedawayin1948.Ⅱ.將下列間接引語(yǔ)改為直接引語(yǔ)1．Janetoldmeshewasgoingtoinviteallherfriendstohaveaget-together.→“I’mgoingtoinviteallmyfriendstohaveaget-together，”Janetoldme.2．Sheaskedmeifmyfatherwasanengineer.→Sheaskedme，“Isyourfatheranengineer？”3．Iaskedherwhereshewasgoingandwhatshewasgoingtodothenextday.→Iaskedher，“Whereareyougoingandwhatareyougoingtodotomorrow？”4．Thestrangeraskedmewhatmynamewas.→Thestrangerasked，“What’syourname？”5．Shesaidthatshewouldfinishherworkthenextday.→“I’llfinishmyworktomorrow，”shesaid.高考鏈接單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Theexhibitiontellsuswhyweshoulddosomethingtostopairpollution.(2023·四川)2．WemustfindoutwhenKarliscoming，sowecanbookaroomforhim.(2023·重慶)3．Youhavetoknowwhereyou’regoingifyouaretoplanthebestwayofgettingthere.(2023·湖南)4．Itrulybelievethatbeautycomesfromwithin.(2023·北京)5．Somepeoplebelievewhateverhashappenedbeforeorishappeningnowwillrepeatitselfinthefuture.(2023·北京)6．Jameshasjustarrived，butIdidn’tknowhewascoming(come)untilyesterday.(2023·重慶)7．Expertsbelievethatpeoplecanwastelessfoodbyshoppingonlywhenitisnecessary.(2023·北京)8．“Whatdoyouwanttobe？”askedMrsCrawford.“Oh，Iwillbe(be)president，”saidtheboy，withasmile.(2023·湖南)寫作指導(dǎo)建議信屬于應(yīng)用文。建議信是向收信人就某事提出自己的建議或忠告，以便讓對(duì)方接受自己的想法、主張并解決有關(guān)問題。建議信可以寫給個(gè)人，就其遇到的某個(gè)問題提出自己的看法或觀點(diǎn)；也可以寫給某個(gè)組織或者機(jī)構(gòu)，就改進(jìn)其服務(wù)等提出建議或忠告。建議信要給出寫信的原因、建議的內(nèi)容、提出建議的理由，而且提出的理由要合情合理，語(yǔ)氣一定要得當(dāng)，既要委婉禮貌，又要有說服力。1．信件的基本格式。(1)信頭(heading)：寫信人的姓名和地址要寫在右上角，收信人的姓名和地址要寫在左上角。(2)稱呼(salutation)，即對(duì)收信人的稱呼，一般用Dear/Mydear...。(3)正文(body)，即信件的主要內(nèi)容。(4)信尾客套語(yǔ)(complimentaryclose)，寫信人在信的右(或左)下角寫上表示自己對(duì)收信人一種禮貌客氣的謙稱，一般有Sincerelyyours，Yourssincerely，Yourstruly，Yours等。(5)信尾簽名(signature)，在信末寫上寫信人的姓名，如：LiHua。2．建議信的特點(diǎn)。簡(jiǎn)明扼要、目的明確，具有合理性和說服力。3．明確寫作意圖。簡(jiǎn)要陳述事由，簡(jiǎn)單介紹自己，注意語(yǔ)氣。4．寫作技巧與方法。針對(duì)具體情況提出善意的建議。首段：簡(jiǎn)單介紹自己，說明目的，注意語(yǔ)氣。主體：提出具體建議，時(shí)時(shí)提到你我，否則容易跑題寫成議論文。5．總結(jié)建議。對(duì)自己提出的所有建議，簡(jiǎn)要地作個(gè)小結(jié)，提出希望采納建議。常用表達(dá)1．Iamwritingtoexpressmyviewsconcerning...2．Iwouldliketosuggestthat...3．Youhaveaskedformyadvicewithregardto...andIwilltrytomakesomesuggestions.4．Whydon’tyoubuyacomputer?5．Haveyouconsidereddoing...?6．Maybeitwouldbebetterto...7．Thereareseveralthingswecoulddo.8．Ihopeyouwillfindtheseproposals/suggestionspractical/useful/helpful.典題示例假如你是你校英語(yǔ)報(bào)社的編輯MissWang，現(xiàn)在小冬因不善于交流在交友過程中遇到了困難，請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)給他寫一封80詞左右的回信，給他提出一些建議和意見。注意：開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。寫作步驟StepOne審題謀篇寫作要求是就如何交友提出建議。寫作時(shí)應(yīng)注意下面幾點(diǎn)：1．確定文體：這是一篇建議信。寫作時(shí)注意建議信的寫作特點(diǎn)。2．主體時(shí)態(tài)：文章應(yīng)以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般將來時(shí)為主。3．主體人稱：由于是給對(duì)方提出建議，所以人稱應(yīng)該以第二人稱為主。StepTwo聯(lián)想詞匯1．做某事有困難havetrouble/difficultyindoingsth.2．交朋友makefriends3．聽從建議follow/takeone’sadvice4．與……有共同點(diǎn)have...incommonwith...5．與……相處得好getalong/onwellwith6．積極參加takeanactivepartin7．逐漸認(rèn)識(shí)gettoknow8．處于困境中introubleStepThree句式升級(jí)1．首先，了解一下你的同學(xué)的好惡吧。First，you’dbetterlearnaboutyourclassmates’likesanddislikes.(hadbetter)First，whynotlearnaboutyourclassmates’likesanddislikes？(Whynot...？)2．其次，積極參加班里的討論有助于顯示你是友好的。Second，ifyoutakeanactivepartinthediscussionsinyourclass，itcanhelptoshowyouarefriendly.(if條件句)Second，takinganactivepartinthediscussionsinyourclasshelpstoshowyouarefriendly.(動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ))3．第三，當(dāng)人們遇到麻煩時(shí)，幫助他們會(huì)是個(gè)好主意。Third，whenpeopleareintrouble，helpingthemwillbeagoodidea.(動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ))Third，itwouldbeagoodideatohelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.(it作形式主語(yǔ))StepFour連句成篇DearXiaodong，I’msorryyouarehavingtroubleinmaking，thesituationiseasytochangeifyoutakemyaresometipstohelpyou.First，whynotlearnaboutyourclassmates’likesanddislikes？Thenyoucanfindyouhavemuchincommonwiththem，anditcanhelpyougetalongwellwith，takinganactivepartinthediscussionsinyourclasshelpstoshowyouare，youcangettoknowmoredifferentpeople，itwouldbeagoodideatohelpotherswhentheyareintroubleandshowthemyouarejustkind-heartedandhelpfultopeopleallaround.Withtimegoingon，peoplewillknowyoubetterandwillliketomakefriendswithyouifyoufollowthetipsabove.Yours，MissWangⅠ.單元語(yǔ)法A．將下列直接引語(yǔ)改為間接引語(yǔ)1．Thehistoryteachersaidtothem，“TheChineseCommunistPartywasfoundedonJuly1st,1921.”→ThehistoryteachertoldthemthattheChineseCommunistPartywasfoundedonJuly1st,1921.2．“Whereareyougoing？”thefatheraskedhisson.→Thefatheraskedhissonwherehewasgoing.3．“Ihaven’theardfrommyparentsthesedays，”saidMary.→Marysaid(that)shehadn’theardfromherparentsthosedays.4．“DidyouvisitBeijingtwoyearsago？”heaskedme.→Heaskedmeif/whetherIhadvisitedBeijingtwoyearsbefore.5．Hesaid，“I’mnotgoingtoinvitehertotheparty.”→Hesaidthathewasnotgoingtoinvitehertotheparty.B．將下列間接引語(yǔ)改為直接引語(yǔ)6．ItoldhimthatIhadlostmymoneyandthatIwouldfindit.→Isaidtohim，“Ihavelostmywillfindit.”7．Thedoctoraskedhimhowhewasfeelingthen.→“Howareyoufeelingnow？”thedoctoraskedhim.8．Thewomanaskedthepolicemanifhecouldtellherhowtogettothenearestrestaurant.→“Canyoutellmehowtogettothenearestrestaurant？”thewomanaskedthepoliceman.9．Thewomanaskedhimwhyhehadtosleepintheopenair.→Thewomanaskedhim，“Whydoyouhavetosleepintheopenair？”10．LeesaidthathejoinedtheLeaguein1959.→Leesaid，“IjoinedtheLeaguein1959.”Ⅱ.閱讀理解(2023·河北承德實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)高一上期中)WhenmydaughterSarawasinthefifthgrade，shecametomewithaproblem.“Marcyhatesme！”shecried.“BecauseKathyismyfriend，wantsmetobeherfriendandnobodyelse’talktotellherthatIwanttobeherfriend，butIcanhaveotherfriends，too！”O(jiān)h!Ilookedatherforafewmoments，wonderinghowIgotintothismess，whensuddenlyanideacametome.Pickinguptwobasketsfromthelivingroom，Iexplained，“Wheneveryoneisborn，heorshehasalittlelittleonehereisbigoneisyougrow，sodoesthecanseeyourlittlebasketisinsideminebecausewhenyouwereborn，thereweretoomanythingsyoucouldn’tdofordideverythingyoucouldn’tdoonyourown.”Shenodded.“Well，asyougrewolderandbegantodosomethingsonyourown，Ibeganplacingafewmorethingsinyouryoulearnedtotieyourshoes，thatwentinyourbasket.”Shesaidsoftly，“Icantiemyownshoes.”“yougrowolder，therewillbemoreandmorethingsyoumustdoonyourown.”AsIspoke，Igraduallytookherbasketoutofmineandhandedittoher.“Youwillfinallycarryyourownbasketwiththingsonlyyoucando.”Shelookedupatmeandsaid，“IaresomethingsthatIhavetodoformyselfbecausetheyareinmybasket.”語(yǔ)篇解讀上五年級(jí)的女兒向作者求助與朋友相處的問題，作者用兩個(gè)籃子的例子來教育女兒要學(xué)會(huì)自己解決一些問題。11．WhatwasSara’sproblem?A．Shedidn’thaveabasket.B．Shedidn’twantherownbasket.C．Hermotherwastoohardonher.D．Shecouldn’tdealwithherfriendship.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“‘Marcyhatesme！’shecried.‘BecauseKathyismyfriend，wantsmetobeherfriendandnobodyelse’talktotellherthat...’”可知，女兒遇到的麻煩是不會(huì)處理和別人的友誼。12．Whatdidtheauthorfeelwhensheheardherdaughter’sproblem?A．Angry. B．Crazy.C．Helpless. D．Proud.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Oh!Ilookedatherforafewmoments，wonderinghowIgotintothismess...”可知，作者在剛開始聽到女兒的麻煩時(shí)，是束手無策的。故選C項(xiàng)。13．WecaninferthatSara.A．wouldn’tmakefriendswithKathyB．wouldtalktoMarcyherselfC．wastooyoungtodealwithanythingD．managedtopersuadehermothertohelpher答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“TherearesomethingsthatIhavetodoformyselfbecausetheyareinmybasket.”可知，Sara在聽了作者的教導(dǎo)之后，應(yīng)該會(huì)自己去和Marcy談?wù)?。?語(yǔ)法填空(2023·杭州七校高一上期中聯(lián)考)I’mwritingthelettertorequestyourhelp.Atpresent，I’mbusy(prepare)foranEnglishplay，whichisbased(much)onschoollifethanonsocial’mplayingimportantpartin，IwanttomakethebestuseofthisopportunityenrichmyifIamrecognizedasafluentEnglishspeaker，someproblemshavecomebecauseofcultural(different)，suchasvocabularyandisthelatterhasgraduallybecomemoredifficultthanfarasIknow，youhaveagoodcommandofEnglishaswellaswonderyoucouldspareyourvaluabletimetooffermesome(practice)adviceonhowtoperformwellinit.Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Ⅳ.應(yīng)用文寫作假設(shè)你是李華，你的朋友Tony去了美國(guó)上高中，他寫信告訴你他很不習(xí)慣美國(guó)的校園生活，感到很孤獨(dú)。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)要求用英語(yǔ)寫一封信給他提建議：1．學(xué)好英語(yǔ)，多交一些朋友，從而增加和別人交流的機(jī)會(huì)；2．學(xué)會(huì)獨(dú)立學(xué)習(xí)，有困難向老師求助；3．積極參加各種活動(dòng)，使自己的生活更加豐富有趣；4．其他建議。注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；2．信的開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)；3．可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。DearTony，I’msorrytohearthatyoufeelitdifficulttoaccustomyourselftoyournewschoollifeinAmerica.Whatdoyouthinkofmyopinion?Believeinyourselfandyouwillenjoyyournewschoollifetheresoon.Yours，LiHua參考范文DearTony，I’msorrytohearthatyoufeelitdifficulttoaccustomyourselftoyournewschoollifeinyourbestfriend，I’dliketogiveyousomesuggestions.Firstofall，learningEnglishwellisawhenyouspeakEnglishfluentlycanyoufindmoreopportunitiestocommunicatewith，youshouldlearntostudydon’tbeafraidofaskingtheteacherforhelpwhenyoumeetsome’smore，trytomakemorefriendsandtakepartinsomeschoolactivitiesactively，whichwillhelpyouforgetyourlonelinessandmakeyourlifemoreinterestingascourse，sometimesreadingsomeinterestingbookscanalsogiveyougreatfun.Whatdoyouthinkofmyopinion?Believeinyourselfandyouwillenjoyyournewschoollifetheresoon.Yours，LiHuaⅤ.讀后續(xù)寫(2023·溫州中學(xué)高一上期中)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所給情節(jié)進(jìn)行續(xù)寫，使之構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的故事。Iwasrespondingtoacallfromasmallbrickflat(用磚做的公寓)inaquietpartofassumedIwasbeingsenttopickupsomeparty-goers，orsomeonewhohadjusthadafightwithalover，oraworkerheadingtoanearlyshiftatsomefactoryfortheindustrialpartoftown.WhenIarrivedat2：30a．m.,thebuildingwasdarkexceptforasinglelightinagroundfloorsuchcircumstances,manydriversjusthonk(按喇叭)onceortwice，waitaminute，thendriveIhadseentoomanyweakpeoplewhodependedontaxisastheironlymeansoftransportation.Unlessasituationsmelledofdanger，Ialwayswenttothedoor.Thispassengermightbesomeonewhoneedsmyassistance，IreasonedtoIwalkedtothedoorandknocked.“Justaminute，”answeredafrail，elderlycouldhearsomethingbeingdraggedacrossthealongpause，thedoorsmallwomaninher80sstoodbeforewaswearingaprintdressandapillboxhat，likesomebodyoutofa1940shersidewasasmallnylonsuitcase.Theapartmentlookedasifnoonehadlivedinitforthefurniturewascoveredwithwerenoclocksonthewalls,noequipmentonthethecornerwasacardboardboxfilledwithphotosandglassware.“Wouldyoucarrymybagouttothecar？”shetookthesuitcasetothecab，thenreturnedtoassistthetookmyarm，andwewalkedslowlytowardthecab.Shekeptthankingmeformykindness.“It’snothing，”Itoldher.“IjusttrytotreatmypassengersthewayIwou