高考英語閱讀理解解題技巧【備課精準(zhǔn)教研】推理判斷題課件

Howtodealwithquestionsofinference如何解閱讀理解的推理判斷題全國卷推斷題所占比例考查年份推理判斷題2022年I卷7個2021年I卷7個2020年I卷7個2019年I卷6個2018年I卷5個2017年I卷5個2016年I卷5個2015年I卷5個2014

年I卷3個1.

推斷隱含意義

2.推斷作者觀點或態(tài)度

3.推斷寫作目的

4.推斷文章出處

推理判斷題的分類

1.問題形式:1）Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat

.2）Fromthetextweknowthat…ismostlikely

.3）Whenthewritertalksabout…,whatthewriterreallymeansis

.4）Thewritersuggeststhat

.5）Thestoryimplies/indicatesthat

.6)Wecaninfer/concludefromthepassagethat

.

這類題干中通常含有infer,suggest,imply,concludeindicate(暗示)等標(biāo)志性詞語。一、如何推斷隱含意義2.技巧點撥:

（1）針對細(xì)節(jié)推斷

(2)針對主題思想查讀細(xì)節(jié)理論依據(jù)分析評價推理判斷以主題為核心分析邏輯關(guān)系借助常識3.解推斷題應(yīng)注意：

(1)不能以自己的觀點代替作者的觀點；

(2)推理的根據(jù)來自于上下文。高考鏈接—2022年新高考·全國I卷·BProducingfoodthatnooneeatswastesthewater,fuel,andotherresourcesusedtogrowit.

Thatmakesfoodwasteanenvironmentalproblem.Infact,Roytewrites,“iffoodwastewereacountry,itwouldbethethirdlargestproducerofgreenhousegasesintheworld.”25.Whatisa

consequenceoffoodwaste

accordingtothetext?A.Moraldecline.

B.Environmentalharm.C.Energyshortage.D.Worldwidestarvation.解析：本題為直接推斷題，根據(jù)第三段第二句【Thatmakesfoodwasteanenvironmentalproblem.】可知浪費食物導(dǎo)致環(huán)境問題，因此選B。高考鏈接—2022年新高考·全國I卷·C“It’sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus.

Peoplehavebeenbringingtheirchildrenintoseethehensandresidentscomeandsitoutsidetowatchthem.

I’menjoyingthecreativeactivities,

anditfeels

greattohavedonesomethinguseful.”29.Howhastheproject

affectedRuthXavier?A.Shehaslearnednewlifeskills.

B.Shehasgainedasenseofachievement.C.Shehasrecoveredhermemory.D.Shehasdevelopedastrongpersonality.解析：本題為推斷題，根據(jù)第五段最后一句話【I’menjoyingthecreativeactivities,anditfeelsgreattohavedonesomethinguseful】可知該項目讓她做了有意義的事情，因此是有成就感，所以選B。高考鏈接—2020年新高考·全國I卷·B

TherearethreebooksIrereadannually.Thefirst,whichItaketoreadingeveryspringisErnestHemingway'sAMoveableFeast.Publishedin1964,it'shisclassicmemoirof1920sParis.Thelanguageisalmostintoxicating(令人陶醉的)，anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime.AnotherisAnnieDillard'sHolytheFirm,herpoetic1975ramble(隨筆)abouteverythingandnothing.ThethirdbookisJulioCortázar'sSaveTwilight:SelectedPoems,becausepoetry.AndbecauseCortázar.27.WhatCanWeinferabouttheauthorfromthetext?Helovepoetry.B.He’saneditor.C.He'sveryambitious.D.Heteachesreading.通讀全文，作者經(jīng)?？吹氖侨緯?，第三本是ThethirdbookisJulioCortázar'sSaveTwilight:SelectedPoems,becausepoetry.AndbecauseCortázar.推測作者喜歡詩，答案選A二、如何推斷作者觀點和態(tài)度：1.問題形式:1）Thewriter’sattitudetoward…is______.2）Thewriterthoughtthat______.3）Accordingtotheauthor______.2.技巧點撥注意作者表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞、副詞、動詞、名詞推斷出作者的弦外之音。說明文中作者的態(tài)度:objective

neutral在議論文中，有：(1)positive(2)negative(3)neutral(4)approval

(5)disapproval(6)indifferent(7)ironic(8)critical(9)optimistic(10)pessimistic(11)cautious(12)admiring客觀的消極的漠不關(guān)心的贊成的不贊成的樂觀的悲觀的中立的積極的諷刺的批評的中立的謹(jǐn)慎的崇拜的Brainstorming高考鏈接—2021年·新高考全國Ⅰ卷·DAlthoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmfulThemostpositiveaspectofthispopularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasis(重視)onemotionbyemployerseducatorsandothersinterestedinpromotingsocialwell-being.Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchersre-evaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.34.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence?A.Favorable.B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful.D.Unclear.根據(jù)題干attitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence定位到第三段Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful可知，作者認(rèn)為盡管關(guān)于情商的流行觀點遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過了研究所能合理支持的，但宣傳的總體效果一直是利大于弊，再根據(jù)Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularization及Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelped等內(nèi)容判斷，作者對情感普及總體上贊成的，答案選擇A項。高考鏈接—2020年·全國Ⅰ卷·CRacewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.31.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetoracewalking?A.Skeptical.B.Objective.C.Tolerant.D.Conservative.解析:推理判斷題。文章第一段即提出競走運動既有好處(Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning)，也有問題(Itdoeshowever,haveitsownproblem.)。整個文章描述也很客觀(第二段客觀描述，第三段客觀描述和跑步消耗熱量的對比，第四、五段還是和跑步對比，既寫到了好處，也提到了不好的地方。)所以得出的結(jié)論就是作者的態(tài)度很客觀。故答案選擇B三、如何推斷寫作目的1.Questionforms:(1)考查整篇文章的寫作目的1)Thewriter’s

purposeofwritingthispassageisto_____.2)Whatisthepurposeofwritingthisarticle?3)Inwritingthepassage,theauthorintendsto_____.(2)考查某處細(xì)節(jié)的寫作意圖1)Thewriterusestheexampleof…toshowthat_____.2)Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto_____.3)…arementionedinthefirstparagraphto_____.TointroducesthTosellaproductorserviceToarractreaders’attentionToattractreaderstopayforatriptosomeattractionpurposeTocallon…ToresiststhToamusereadersToargueagainst…andsupportone’sownideaBrainstorming高考鏈接—2022年新高考·全國I卷·DMorethan30yearsago,thescholar

CharlesHockettnoted

that

speechsounds

calledlabiodentals,suchas“f”and“v”,weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.Nowateamof

researchers

ledby

DamiánBlasi

attheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,has

found

how

andwhythistrendarose.32.Which

aspect

ofthehumanspeechsounddoes

Damián

Blasi’s

research

focuson?A.Itsvariety.B.Itsdistribution.C.Itsquantity.

D.Itsdevelopment.解析：本題為推斷題，需要進(jìn)行概括總結(jié)，根據(jù)第二段的實驗結(jié)論【

hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.】可知他的團(tuán)隊研究項目是語言中聲音轉(zhuǎn)變的現(xiàn)象發(fā)生的原因和方式，因此選擇D。高考鏈接—2021年·新高考全國Ⅰ卷·CAbout98centsofeveryduckstampdollargoesdirectlyintotheMigratoryBirdConservationFundtopurchasewetlandsandwildlifehabitatforinclusionintotheNationalWildlifeRefugeSystem-afactthatensuresthislandwillbeprotectedandavailableforallgenerationstocome.Since1934,betterthanhalfabilliondollarshasgoneintothatFundtopurchasemorethan5millionacresofhabitat.LittlewondertheFederalDuckStampProgramhasbeencalledoneofthemostsuccessfulconservationprogramseverinitiated30.WhatisadirectresultoftheActpassedin1934?A.Thestamppricehasgonedown.B.Themigratorybirdshaveflownaway.C.ThehuntershavestoppedhuntingD.Thegovernmenthascollectedmoney推理判斷題------(1934年通過的法案的直接結(jié)果是什么?)定位要精準(zhǔn):1)由于31題是對全文的考查，故30題對應(yīng)2、3兩段。2)由題干中的in1934可以定位到第二段，但由題干中的theresult可以定位到第三段。所以第二段跳過不讀，直接看第三段。3)第三段三句話，通過掃讀，可以看出前兩句都和錢相關(guān)，而且通過第三句中的themostsuccessful說明結(jié)果一定是好的，所以選擇D。4)如果仍不敢確認(rèn)，可細(xì)讀下第二句:Since1934,betterthanhalfabilliondollarshasgoneintothatFundtopurchasemorethan5millionacresofhabitat.自1934年以來，已有超過5億美元的資金投入該基金會，用于購買超過500萬英畝的棲息地5)再看下選項:A.郵票價格下跌了。(此選項已經(jīng)脫離了文章的環(huán)保主題，故排除。B.候鳥已經(jīng)飛走了(這是不好的事情，與最后一句中的themostsuccessful基調(diào)相反，排除。)C.狩獵者已經(jīng)停止打獵了。(與第二段最后一句“Hunterswillinglypaythestamppricetoensurethesurvivalofournaturalresources.為了保護(hù)自然資源的生存，狩獵者都愿意掏錢購買鴨票"矛盾，故排除。D.政府已經(jīng)募集到錢了。高考鏈接--2018·全國Ⅰ卷·DWemaythinkwe'reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices(裝置)wellaftertheygooutofstyle.That'sbadnewsfortheenvironment—andourwallets—astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?A．Theyareenvironment－friendly.B．Theyarenobetterthantheold.C．Theycostmoretouseathome.D．Theygooutofstylequickly.解答:根據(jù)選段的“That’sbadnewsfortheenvironment...thatdothesamethings.”可知，人們?nèi)匀簧岵坏萌拥裟切┡f設(shè)備，對于環(huán)境和我們的錢包都是一個壞消息，因為這些過時的設(shè)備比新設(shè)備要消耗更多的能源，從而說明了新設(shè)備更加環(huán)保，所以選A。

1.Questionforms:1)Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom______.2)Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?3)Thepassageismostlikelyapartof___.四、如何推斷文章出處BrainstormingwhereApplicationTextbook…NewsreportAgeographybookAnadAwebsite/ablogAbooklet小冊子TV/RadioprogrammeAguidebook高考鏈接—2022年新高考·全國I卷·AGradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiteratureGradingScale90-100,A;80-89,B;70-79,C;60-69,D;Below60,E.Essays(60%)Yourfourmajoressayswillcombinetoformthemainpartofthegradeforthiscourse:Essay1=10%;Essay2-15%;Essay3=15%;Essay4=20%.GroupAssignments(30%)21.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Atextbook.B.Anexampaper.C.Acourseplan.D.Anacademicarticle.解析:本題為推斷題，屬于推斷文章體裁:根據(jù)大標(biāo)題GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiterature(文學(xué)課評分規(guī)則介紹)得知該短文和學(xué)業(yè)有關(guān)聯(lián)，因此為課程計劃，選C高考鏈接(2019·全國卷ⅠC)Asdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon,themarketisgrowingforbiometric(生物測量)technolog