簡(jiǎn)單句句子結(jié)構(gòu)

簡(jiǎn)單句五種基本句型廣饒英才學(xué)校

基本句型一：Ｓ+Ｖ（主＋謂）基本句型二：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｐ

（主＋系＋表）基本句型三：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ（主＋謂＋賓）基本句型四:Ｓ+Ｖ+InO+DＯ(主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓）基本句型五:

Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ+OＣ（主＋謂＋賓＋賓補(bǔ)）組成句子的各個(gè)部分叫句子成分：1.主語:是一個(gè)句子的主干部分之一,主語表明是“什么人”，“什么事”.通常由名詞,代詞,動(dòng)詞不定式,動(dòng)名詞來充當(dāng).1.Lucylikeshernewbike.2.Weworkhard.3.To

learnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.4.Playingfootballafterschoolisgreatfun.主謂賓定狀補(bǔ)表2.謂語:說明主語做什么或怎么樣。通常由動(dòng)詞充當(dāng).1.theyworkveryhard.2.Tomfeelsmuchbetternow.

(系動(dòng)詞:表示狀態(tài),后面往往接形容詞或名詞。常見的系動(dòng)詞：is,am,are,become,keep,feel,look,smell,sound,taste,grow,get,go,turn,seem)注意：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)充當(dāng)謂語,必須和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語.動(dòng)詞常分為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,連系動(dòng)詞,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞.3.表語：跟在連系動(dòng)詞后面的詞語或從句,用來說明主語的身份,特征,狀態(tài).

Mysisterisanurse.Thetreesturn

green.Thefloweris

beautiful.Toseeis

tobelieve.Thereasonwhyherabsenceis

thatheisill3.賓語：動(dòng)作行為的對(duì)象，說明主語做什么。一般放在及物動(dòng)詞或介詞后面.由名詞,代詞,數(shù)詞,動(dòng)詞不定式,動(dòng)名詞和賓語從句構(gòu)成.1.Westudy

English.

2.Isawhimyesterday.3.Hewantedtohaveapen.4.Shelikes

playingbasketball.5.Ourteacher

said

thathewouldgothere.注意：雙賓語指人的是間接賓語，指物的是直接賓語。Hegavemetwobooks.4.定語:用來修飾名詞或代詞的詞.形容詞,形容詞性物主代詞,名詞,不定式,介詞短語,不定代詞,從句等.1、Thisisaredcar.2、Thebuildingistheirteachingbuilding.3、Thewomandoctorismywife.4、Ihavesomethingtotellyou.5、ThemaninfrontofthegateisMr.Li.6、EverystudenthasanEnglishbook.7、Iknowtheboywhoisplayingbasketballontheplayground.5.狀語:說明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征，用來修飾動(dòng)詞,形容詞,副詞或整個(gè)句子.1.Igotobedlateeverynight

andIhavebreakfastquicklyeverymorning.2.Youarequiteright.3.Allthestudentsarelisteningtotheteacherverycarefully.4.Theyoftendrawinthepark.5.WecamehereinordertolearnEnglish.6.Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillstayathome.6.賓補(bǔ)：補(bǔ)充說明賓語。(賓語和賓補(bǔ)之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系）賓語+賓補(bǔ)叫復(fù)合賓語，復(fù)合賓語有以下幾種類型

1名詞（代詞）+不定式

2名詞（代詞）+分詞

3名詞（代詞）+名詞

4名詞（代詞）+形容詞

1、名詞（代詞）+不定式Johnaskedme

tohelphim.Lethim

gohome.Isawher

comeoutoftheroom.名詞（代詞）+分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，過去分詞表示被動(dòng)）I

foundhim

standingatthegate.Shecouldfeelherheart

beatingviolently.Hespokeslowlyinordertomakehimself

understood.Hespokeloudlyinordertomakehimself

heard.名詞（代詞）+名詞（作賓補(bǔ)的表示獨(dú)一無二的職位前不加the.)Theyappointedher

headoftheEnglishDepartment.Theymadehim

captainoftheship.基本句型一Ｓ(subject)

+V(verb)（主＋謂）特點(diǎn):句子的謂語動(dòng)詞都能表達(dá)完整的意思。

這類動(dòng)詞叫做不及物動(dòng)詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等。1.Hecame.2.Shedances.3.Hiswordsworks.4.Youshouldworkhard.5.Hergrandpadiedlastnight.6.Myunclegetsupearlyeverymorning.

基本句型二Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｐ（主＋系＋表）

系動(dòng)詞可分四類：

1）be

本身沒有什么意義,只起連系主語和表語的作用,后可接動(dòng)詞外的任何詞；2）感官動(dòng)詞類look,feel,smell,taste,sound等

3）表示變化：get,grow,become,turn,go等

4）表示狀態(tài)延續(xù)：stay,keep,prove,remain,stand等

Everythinglooksdifferent.Theweatherbecomescooler.3.ThisisanEnglishdictionary.4.Thesoupsmellsgood.5.Thegirllooksbeautiful.6.Themusicsoundsgreat.7.Thetreesturngreen.8.Toseeistobelieve.9.Mybrotherisadoctor.

基本句型三Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ（主＋謂＋賓）

特點(diǎn)：謂語動(dòng)詞都是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，但不能表

達(dá)完整的意思，必須跟賓語，即動(dòng)

作的承受者，才能使意思完整。

這類動(dòng)詞叫做及物動(dòng)詞。e.g.Welikethemovie.

S

Vo

1.

Iwrotealetterlastnight.

2.

Iwanttotalkwithyouthisafternoon.

3.

Hehasreadthisbookmanytimes.

4.

Theyhavecarriedouttheplansuccessfully.

5.

Youmustfinishreadingthesebooksintwoweeks.6.Isawher.7.TheylikewatchingTV.

基本句型四Ｓ+Ｖ+InO+DＯ（主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓）

特點(diǎn)：謂語動(dòng)詞必須跟有兩個(gè)賓語才能表達(dá)

完整的意思。這兩個(gè)賓語一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的

直接承受者，另一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的間接承受

者。Shegavemeabook=Shegaveabooktome.

常跟雙賓語的動(dòng)詞有：（需借助to的）give,lend,offer,pass,promise,

return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask,等。（需借助for的）buy,make。

SV(Vt.)InODOShepassedhimanewdress.Johntoldmehis

idea.She

showed

her

friends

all

the

pictures4.

Hesendmeabirthday'spresent.

基本句型五Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ+OＣ（主＋謂＋賓＋賓補(bǔ)）特點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞，但是只跟一個(gè)賓語還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一

個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來補(bǔ)足賓語，才能使意思完整。判斷原則：能表達(dá)成—賓語是…/做…

e.g.Wemadehimthemanager.

SVOOCSV(Vt.)OOCWekeepthetableclean.Isawthemgetting

on

thebus.

他讓我馬上回來。Heaskedmeto

come

backsoon.

4.I

asked

Mary

to

help

me.5.We

call

our

headmaster

a

wise

man

.典型例題分析1.Plantsneedwater.

S+V+O

(

主+謂+賓)2.Theflowerissofresh.

S+V+P(主+系+表)3.Theyworkhard.

S+V(主+謂)4.Hegivesmesomeseeds.

S+V+InO+DO(主+謂+直賓+間賓)5.Weshouldkeeptheplantsintheshade.

S+V+O+OC(主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ))6.Manyanimalsliveintrees.S+V(主+謂)同一個(gè)動(dòng)詞使用的句型也不盡一樣，因此在學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，

應(yīng)掌握動(dòng)詞的類型。以get為例：

He'sgettingangry.(SVP)You'llgetasurprise.(SVO)Hegothisshoesandsockswet.(SVOC)

在句子中詞類和詞的位置也影響句子的句型和意思:Ifoundthebookeasily.

我很容易地找到了這本書。(SVO）

Ifoundthebookeasy.

我覺得這本書很容易。（SVOC）

按結(jié)構(gòu)英語句子主要可以分成三種：

簡(jiǎn)單句，并列句，復(fù)合句

e.g.1)Theteacher’snameisSmith.2)Theteacher’snameisSmithandthestudent’snameisJohn.3)HeisSmithwholikesgoinghiking.--4)HeisSmithandhelikesgoinghiking.5)Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.6)IsawhimwhenIwalkedpastthestreet.7)Heoftengetsupearlybecausehewantstocatchtheearlybus.簡(jiǎn)單句并列句復(fù)合句并列句并列句

復(fù)合句

復(fù)合句選擇填空：()1.____willleaveforBeijing.A.NowtherethemanB.ThemanherenowC.ThemanwhoisherenowD.Themanisherenow()2.Theweather____.A.wetandcold B.iswetandcold C.notwetandcold D.werewetandcold()3.Theappletasted____.A.sweetsB.sweetly C.nicelyD.sweet()4.Hegotup____yesterdaymorning.A.lat