英語復(fù)合句的用法及解題技巧-1

英語復(fù)合句的用法及解題技巧在高考試題中，復(fù)合句占有較大的比例，復(fù)習(xí)時應(yīng)該注意：１．倡發(fā)散思維，忌單向思維，考各種從屬句，常常是不同類型的連接詞語正誤連綴而至，如果不抓住這一點(diǎn)，不從多方面思考選擇，就容易以偏概全，誤入歧途。２．弄清主從復(fù)合句中的每一個從屬連接詞的意思、用法、主句與從句在時態(tài)上的呼應(yīng)、語氣、是否需要倒裝、固定搭配及邏輯常識等。３．熟記句型及特殊表達(dá)形式。４．注意各分句之間的特點(diǎn)以及區(qū)別。５．注意有些連接詞的省略情況及省略后某些語序發(fā)生的變化?？傊谧隽?xí)題時，不能生搬硬套，一成不變，要全方位的思考，摸清出題者的意圖，靈活機(jī)動，隨著不同的語言而變化。一、狀語從句：狀語從句又可分為時間、地點(diǎn)、目的、原因、結(jié)果、行為方式、條件、讓步及比較等幾種形式。１．I'llgowithyouassoonasI____mywork.A.willfinishB.shallfinishC.finishD.finished選Ｃ．在時間、條件狀語從句中，主句可能是祈使句、一般將來時或帶情態(tài)動詞，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。如果主句是過去將來時，從句可以用一般過去時。能夠引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句的從屬連接詞，常見的有：when,until〔tiy,directly,unless,aslongas,suppose等。如：〔１〕Unlesshecomes,wewon'tbeabletogo.〔２〕Supposeitgoesonraining,whatshallwedo?〔３〕LuXunoftensaid,"AslongasIamalive,Ishallgoonstudying."２．Nosooner_____thenewsthantheyrushedoutintothestreet.A.theyheardB.theyhadheardC.didtheyhearD.hadtheyheard選Ｄ．nosooner…than,hardly…when,scarcely…before表示"—…就"，主句一般用過去完成時〔had+V-ed〕，從句用一般過去時，如果hardly,nosooner,scarcely放句首，主謂倒裝。３．Althoughheisconsideredagreatwriter,____(MET'91)A.hisworksarenotwidelyreadB.buthisworksarenotwidelyreadC.howeverhisworksarenotwidelyreadD.stillhisworksarenotwidelyread選Ａ．這是一個讓步狀語從句，主句與從句之間有一個從屬連詞although(though)，不能再加but,however,still等，但可以和yet連用。４．Nomatterhowhardheworked,____〔８４年〕A.hecouldnotdoanybetterB.andhecouldnotdoanybetterC.sohecoulddoanybettesD.buthecouldnotdoanybetter選Ａ．由nomatter引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，其主句也不能再用but,and,so等并列連接詞。５．____hemight,hefailed,A.TryasB.AstryC.TriedasD.Astried選Ａ．為了強(qiáng)調(diào)讓步的意義，表示出非常強(qiáng)烈的對照，用as或though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，從句的語序要作部分調(diào)整，即把句子受強(qiáng)調(diào)的表語、狀語或動詞原形置于從句的句首。如果表語是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，移置句首時，名詞前不用冠詞。如：〔１〕MuchasIlikeit,Iwillnotbuyit.〔２〕Childassheis,sheknowsalotofEnglish.６．Didthetwoboyslooksomuchalike____noonecouldtellthemapart?A.andB.thatC.asD.sothat選Ｂ．目的狀語從句的表達(dá)："主＋謂＋that(sothat,inorderthat)＋主＋may(might,can,could,shouldn't等)＋謂"。７．____MrSmithiswellagain,hecantravel.A.NowthatB.ButthatC.AndthatD.Sincethat選Ａ．nowthat相當(dāng)于since。表示原因狀語從句的連接詞常見的有because,as,since,nowthat,seeingthat,consideringthat等。８．Itwas____ahundredpeoplelookedlostinit.A.solargearoomthatB.solargearoomC.suchlargearoomthatD.asuchlargeroom選Ａ．引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句：so＋adj(adv)＋that從句so＋adj＋a(an)＋n＋that從句such＋a(an)＋adj＋n＋that從句表示"這樣……〔一個〕……以至于……"。９．Theharderheworked,____hefelt.A.happierB.thehappierC.thehappyD.thehappiest選Ｂ．the＋比較級＋主＋謂，the＋比較級＋主＋謂，意思是"越……越……"。二、定語從句定語從句是在復(fù)合句中使其修飾的某一名詞或代詞代表一個〔些〕或一類特定的人或東西。在做定語從句的練習(xí)時，首先應(yīng)該找出先行詞，然后再確定選擇關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞。能夠引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞有who,whom,whose,that,which,when,why,where。１．Sheheardaterriblenoise,____broughtherheartintobermouth.(MA.itB.whichC.thisD.that選Ｂ．在非限定性定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞用which不能用that。２．Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwiondows,mostof____hadn'tcleanedforatleastayear.(MET'90)A.theseB.thoseC.thatD.which選Ｄ．如果選Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ，整個句子不符合語法要求，因為有一個"逗號"，不是并列句，因此只能是一個非限定性定語從句，在非限定性定語從句中關(guān)系代詞一般用which。３．Hisparentswouldn'tmarryanyone____familywaspoor.(MET'88)A.ofwhomB.whomc.ofwhoseD.whose選Ｄ．因為whose作family的定語。４．Finallythethiefhandedineverything____hehadstolentothepolice.(MET'87)A.afterB.whatC.whateverD.that選Ｄ．因為Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。先行詞everything，關(guān)系代詞that在從句中作賓語。當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞all,anything,nothing,everything,something等，關(guān)系代詞只能由that引導(dǎo)。５．All____isneededisasupplyofoil.(MET'89)A.thethingB.thatC.whatC.which選Ｂ．All作先行詞，關(guān)系代詞由that引導(dǎo)。６．InfacttheSwededidnotunderstandthethreequestions____wereaskedinFrench.〔８５年〕A.whereB.whoC.inwhichD.which選Ｄ．question是先行詞，在從句中作主語，所以which引導(dǎo)。７．Theman____talkedtoyoujustnowisanengineer.〔８０年〕A.whoB.whereC.whichD.what選Ａ．先行詞是man。在從句中作主語，所以選who。８．Theword"write"hasthesamepronunciation____thework"right".〔８４年〕A.ofB.asC.toD.from選Ｂ．先行詞中含有such,thesame時，或先行詞被such,thesame修飾時，關(guān)系代詞用as引導(dǎo)。９．Watchthegirlandherdog____arecrossingthebridge.A.whichB.whoC.theyD.that選Ｄ．當(dāng)先行詞含有"人"和"物"時，關(guān)系代詞用that。１０．Thisdictionary,afewpages____aremissing,isofnouse.A.amongwhichB.ofwhichC.whichD.inwhich選Ｂ．dictionary是先行詞，which是關(guān)系代詞，afewpagesofwhich(diciotnary)。１１．Youmaytake____bookyoulike.A.whichB.onlyc.whicheverD.what選Ｃ．復(fù)合關(guān)系代詞本身兼有先行詞。whichever=anythingthat,whatever=anythingthat,whoever=anyonewho,whomever=anyonewhom,whosever=anyonewhose。１２．Thisisthebestdictionary____I'veeverbought.A.withwhichB.thatC.whichD.when選Ｂ．先行詞是dictionary，因為先行詞前有最高級、序數(shù)詞、only,very,any等修飾時，關(guān)系代詞用that。１３．Istillremembertheday____IfirstcametoBeijing.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where選Ｃ．先行詞theday，在定語從句中作狀語，所以選when。當(dāng)先行詞是時間名詞或地點(diǎn)名詞時，關(guān)系詞選用when或where,that或which，主要取決于在定語從句中所作成份，如果作賓語，用that或which，作狀語用when或where。如：〔１〕Istillrememberthedaysthat/whichwespentinthecountryside.先行詞是thedays,spent是及物動詞，that/which作spent的賓語?！玻病砊hisistheplacewhereIlivedthreeyearsago.先行詞是place,lived是不及物動詞，where在從句中作狀語?！玻场砊hisistheplacethat/whichwevisitedthreeyearsago.先行詞是place,visited是及物動詞，that/which在從句中作賓語。１４．____,CharlesDickenswasanEnglishwritetr.A.It'sknownntoallB.It'sknownthatC.WeallknowD.Asisknowntoall選Ｄ．a(chǎn)s引出非限定性定語從句，表示"正如……那樣〞。類似的還有：asyouknow,asyousee,ascanbeknown,ashasbeenpointedout,asisknowntoall等。１５．Idon'tliketheway____youlaughedather.A.whichB.inthatC.whereD.that選Ｄ．先行詞是theway，表示方式，可用that〔可省〕或inwhich來引導(dǎo)一個定語從句。如果先行詞是時間或原因，也可用that〔可省〕或when或why來引導(dǎo)定語從句。如：〔１〕Thiswasthereasonthat/whyhewaslateyesterday.〔２〕ThisisthelasttimethatIshallgiveyoualesson.三、名詞性從句：在句子中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語與同位語的句子分別叫做主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句，這些統(tǒng)稱為名詞性從句。１．Canyoumakesure____thegoldring?(MET'90)A.whereAlicehadputB.wherehadAliceputC.whereAlicehasputD.wherehasAliceput選Ｃ．在賓語從句中，須用陳述句自然語序〔即疑問詞＋主語＋謂語〕。主句是現(xiàn)在時，從句也亦用相應(yīng)的一類時態(tài)，現(xiàn)在完成時。２．Thesephotographswillshowyou____(MET'89)A.whatdoesoutvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike選Ｂ．"show"后面接一個賓語從句，Ａ，Ｃ語序不合，Ｄ答案:中的how是副詞，不能作like的賓語。３．Theywanttoknow____dotohelpus.(MET'88)A.whatcantheyB.whattheycanC.howtheycanD.howcanthey選Ｂ．know后面接一個賓語從句，Ａ，Ｄ語序不合，Ｃ答案:中的how是副詞，不能作do的賓語。４．Theyhavenoideaatall____.(MET'87)A.wherehehasgoneB.wheredidhegoC.whichplacehashegoneD.wherehashegone選Ａ．根據(jù)賓語從句語序。５．Canyoutellme____?〔８５年〕A.Whoisthatgentlema