現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu) 課件

一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)have/has(助動(dòng)詞)+done(過去分詞)說明：動(dòng)詞的過去分詞有規(guī)則形式和非規(guī)則形式兩種，規(guī)則形式同過去式的規(guī)則形式。非規(guī)則形式需要特殊記憶?？梢赃@樣分類：AAA、ABB、ABA、ABCAAAcost-cost-cost，hit-hit-hit，let-let-let，put-put-put，set-set-setABBbuy-bought-bought，catch-caught-caught，find-found-found，stand-stood-stoodABAcome-came-come，become-became-becomeABCbreak-broke-broken，fly-flew-flown，take-took-taken，write-wrote-written二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的基本句式肯定句：主語+have/has+其他否定句：在助動(dòng)詞have/has后加上否定詞not一般疑問句：將助動(dòng)詞have或has提到句首，肯定的簡略回答是：Yes，主語＋have/has.否定的簡略回答是：No，主語＋have/hasnot.特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的用法1、用來表示之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，而其結(jié)果卻和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系:動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去,但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在,可以和already,never,ever,just,before,yet等副詞連用。例如：Theyhaveleft.(他們已經(jīng)離開了,也就是說現(xiàn)在他們?nèi)瞬辉谶@里)Ihavehadmylunch.(我已經(jīng)吃過午飯了,也就是說我現(xiàn)在不餓)Ican’tfindmywatchnow.IthinkIhavealreadylostit.(丟手表發(fā)生在過去，但現(xiàn)在還沒有找到，即過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響。)Hehasseenthefilm.Sohewon’tgowithus.(看電影發(fā)生在過去，但現(xiàn)在仍然記得它的內(nèi)容。)說明：already與yet都有“已經(jīng)”的意思，但already常用于肯定句，并用于句中。yet常用于否定句和疑問句，并用于句末。例如：Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.Ihaven’tfinishedmyhomeworkyet.Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?(1)這本書我已經(jīng)買了三個(gè)月了。錯(cuò)誤：Ihaveboughtthebookforthreemonths.正確：Ihavehadthebookforthreemonths.(2)你哥哥參軍多長時(shí)間了？錯(cuò)誤：Howlonghasyourbrotherjoinedthearmy?正確：Howlonghasyourbrotherbeeninthearmy/beenasoldier?四、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)與一般過去時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別1一般過去時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。Isawthisfilmyesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過了。）Ihaveseenthisfilm.（強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）2一般過去時(shí)常與具體的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用;現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語連用，或無時(shí)間狀語。一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語:yesterday,lastweek,ago,in1990,inOctober,justnow,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語:for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inthepastfewyears,recently句子中如有過去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如yesterday,last,week,in1960）時(shí)，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過去時(shí)（錯(cuò)）Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.

（對(duì)）Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.五．比較延續(xù)動(dòng)詞與瞬間動(dòng)詞延續(xù)動(dòng)詞表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)、經(jīng)歷；瞬間動(dòng)詞表示行為的結(jié)果，不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。Hehasfinishedthework.他已完成了那項(xiàng)工作。(表結(jié)果)I’veknownhimsincethen.我從那時(shí)起就認(rèn)識(shí)他了。(表經(jīng)歷)注意延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和短暫性動(dòng)詞的用法1.短暫性動(dòng)詞與短暫性時(shí)間(時(shí)間點(diǎn))連用。如：HejoinedthePartythreeyearsago.他入黨三年了。(他三年前入黨的)2.用“Itis/hasbeen＋時(shí)間段＋since…”句型。如：Itis/hasbeenthreeyearssinceIboughtthebook.這本書我買了三年了。(從買這本書起到現(xiàn)在已三年了)3.用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞替換短暫性動(dòng)詞，句中謂語動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，時(shí)間狀語為“for＋時(shí)間段”或“since＋時(shí)間點(diǎn)”。如：HehasbeenintheGreenChinaforthreeyears.HehasbeenamemberoftheGreenChinaforthreeyears.他加入“綠色中國”已經(jīng)三年了。Theoldmandied4yearsago.----Theoldmanhasbeendeadfor4years.HejoinedtheParty2yearsago.----HehasbeeninthePartyfor2years.Iboughtthebook5daysago.----Ihavehadthebookfor5days.英語延續(xù)動(dòng)詞與非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動(dòng)作,如：learn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live,stay等。延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以與表示時(shí)間段的狀語連用表示時(shí)間段的短語有:for+一段時(shí)間(for2years),since+從句(sincehecamehere),since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)名詞(sincelastyear,since5daysago),howlong;foralongtime等。非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞也稱終止性動(dòng)詞、瞬間動(dòng)詞,表示不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作,這種動(dòng)作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。如:open,die,close,begin,finish,come,go,move,borrow,lend,buy等。非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在肯定句中與表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)的狀語連用，如：twoyearsago;at5o'clock;例:Hedied5yearsago.比較since和forsince用來說明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間—“自從……”,for用來說明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長度—“長達(dá)……”。在有for和since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語的句子中不能用短暫性動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)用與之相應(yīng)的表示狀態(tài)的詞Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.

IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.

Myaunthasworkedinacompanysince1949.

Ihavenotheardfrommyuncleforalongtime.注意：并非有for作為時(shí)間狀語的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Iworkedhereformorethantwentyyears.(我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。)Ihaveworkedhereformanyyears.(現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作。)比較have/hasbeento、have/hasgoneto和havebeeninhave(has)been表示“曾去過某地，已經(jīng)從那里回來了”，可以和ever、never、twice等連用。have(has)gone表示“已經(jīng)去了某地，在去那里的途中或到達(dá)那里還沒有回來”。have(has)beenin表示“在某地呆多長時(shí)間”，常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，如：since,for,howlong等HewenttoShanghailastweek上周他去了上海HehasbeentoShanghai.他(曾經(jīng))到/去過上海.(但他人現(xiàn)在肯定不是在上海而是回來了)HehasgonetoShanghai.他已經(jīng)去上海了.(也許剛動(dòng)身出發(fā),也許已經(jīng)到了,也許還在路上,反正他人不在這里)Mr.BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays.布朗先生來上海已經(jīng)有三天了延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和瞬間性動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化Hedied10yearsago.——He______________for10years/since10yearsago.2.Heborrowedthebook2weeksago.——He_____________thebookfor2weeks.3.Heboughtthemotorbikeamonthago.——He___________themotorbikeforamonth.4.Hearrivedherethreedaysago.——He____________heresincethreedaysago.5.Theyturnedoffthelight2hoursago.——Thelight__________for2hours.6.Helefthere2yearsago.———He____________fromherefor2years.7.Thefilmbegan30minutesago.——Thefilm__________for30minutes.8.Theyopenedthedooranhourago.——Thedoor__________foranhour.9.Theyclosedthedooranhourago.——Thedoor___________foranhour.10.Hejoinedthearmylastyear.——He_________a____forayear.He_____________thearmyforayear.It____ayear____hejoinedthearmy.8、HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I_____twice.Ａ.willseeＢ.haveseenＣ.sawＤ.see9、—ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.—Really?When_____there?Ａ.willtheygoＢ.didtheygoＣ.dotheygoＤ.havetheygone10、—______you___yourhomeworkyet?—Yes.I_____itamomentago.Ａ.Did;do;finishedＢ.Have;done;finishedＣ.Have;done;havefinishedＤ.will;do;finish11、Hisfather______thePartysince1978.Ａ.joinedＢ.hasjoinedＣ.wasinＤ.hasbeenin12、—Doyouknowhimwell?—Sure.We______friendssincetenyearsago.Ａ.wereＢ.havebeenＣ.havebecomeＤ.havemade13、—Howlonghaveyou____here?—Abouttwomonths.Ａ.beenＢ.goneＣ.comeＤ.arrived14、Hurryup!Theplay__________fortenminutes.Ａ.hasbegunＢ.hadbegunＣ.hasbeenonＤ.began15、It___tenyearssinceheleftthearmy.Ａ.IsＢ.hasＣ.willＤ.was16、MissGreenisn'tintheoffice.She_______tothelibrary.Ａ.hasgoneＢ.wentＣ.willgoＤ.hasbeen17、Myparents______Shandongfortenyears.Ａ.havebeeninＢ.havebeentoＣ.havegonetoＤ.havebeen18、Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom,____?A.sotheyB.don’ttheyC.havetheyD.haven’tthey19、

hasMr.WhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasincehe

toChina?A.Howsoon,comesB.Howoften,gotC.Howlong,cameD.Howfar,arrived20、Hisunc