高中高一英語(yǔ)必修三Unit 4 Astronomy language point

1.Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.Nooneknowswhathewassaying,asitwastoohard.仿寫(xiě)：沒(méi)人明白他在說(shuō)什么，因?yàn)槟翘y理解了。as在這里表示原因,意思是“因?yàn)椤?/p>

Ashewasill,heneededmorehelp.

2.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang”thatthrewmatterinalldirections.1)widelyaccepted

被廣泛接受的2)beginwith=startwith：“以……開(kāi)始”.Theclassbeginswithaninterestingstory.tobeginwith=tostartwith“首先;最初”，在句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ).e.g.Tobegin/startwith,tokeephealthyweneedabalanceddiet.=Firstlyinalldirections

朝四面八方譯：Theenemiesranawayinalldirections.

敵人四處逃竄。direction

n.方向，指示拓展：①

I’mterriblewithdirections.②asenseofdirection.③在某人的指導(dǎo)下______one’sdirection方向感under3.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.地球?qū)⒊蔀槭裁礃幼右恢笔莻€(gè)謎，直到45~38億年以前這些塵埃凝聚成一個(gè)固體球體。4.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Whatisevenmoreimportantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface.[考點(diǎn)]what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，第一句what在從句中作become的賓語(yǔ)，第二句what在從句中作主語(yǔ)。[考例1]_____wasmostimportanttoher,shetoldme,washerfamily.（山東2008）A.It B.This C.What D.As[點(diǎn)撥]選C。[考例2]______isknowntousallisthatthe2008OlympicGameswilltakeplaceinBeijing.（福建2008）A.It B.WhatC.As D.Which[點(diǎn)撥]what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句并且在從句中作sayanddo的賓語(yǔ)。1.______________________（使大家吃驚的是）isthathedidn’tcometothemeeting.Whatsurprisedeverybody2.___________（他所做的）addedtoourdifficulty.Whathedid仿寫(xiě):李老師明天將去北京，直到那時(shí)才能知道誰(shuí)將代替她給我們上課。___________________________________________________________________________WhowillgiveuslessonsinplaceofMissLiisn’tknownuntiltomorrowwhenshewillgotoBeijing.5.Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhetherthesolidshapewouldlastornot.地球開(kāi)始變得激烈動(dòng)蕩，不知道這個(gè)固體形狀是否會(huì)繼續(xù)下去。

lastvi.持續(xù)好天氣只持續(xù)了幾天。

Thefineweatheronlylastedforafewdays.

友誼長(zhǎng)存

Friendshiplastsforever.引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句既可以用whether,也可以用if,兩者?？梢曰Q。

Heaskedmewhether/ifIcouldlendhimmybike.Couldyoutelluswhether/ifitsnowsinwinterinAustralia?①

whether和if都可以和ornot連用,但是whether之后可以直接跟ornot,而if則不能②whether可以引導(dǎo)從句作介詞的賓語(yǔ),而if則不能③

whether可以直接跟動(dòng)詞不定式連用,而if則不能④在個(gè)別動(dòng)詞之后,如discuss等,只跟用whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句(包括從句在句首的位置)應(yīng)當(dāng)用whether,不用if,如：

Whetheritistrueremainsaproblem.Whetherhewillcome,Iamnotsure.引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句用whether,不用if,如:Thequestioniswhetheryoushouldacceptit.Thequestioniswhetherhewillspeakatthemeeting.引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句用whether,不用if,如:Thequestionwhetherhe’llattendthemeetingisessential.IamindoubtwhetherIshouldagreetotheplan.【模擬翻譯】

不知道她是否能成功地通過(guò)駕駛考試。It’snotclearwhethershewillpassthedrivingtest.1.(08石家莊市高中畢業(yè)班復(fù)習(xí)教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè))Weallknowtherearealotoftroublesinourlives，butasuccessfullifedependson

theycontrolusorwecontrolthem.A.that B.whether C.how D.which2.(05天津2)Elephantshavetheirownwaytotelltheshapeofanobjectand

itisroughorsmooth.A./ B.whether C.how D.what3.(09浙江12)－Isthereanypossibility______youcouldpickmeupattheairport?

－Noproblem.A.WhenB.that C.whether D.what高考鏈接BBB7.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.【探究】①Thebombexploded

inIraqlastnight.②Thechildrenexplodedinto/withlaughter.③Thecity'spopulationhas

exploded

inthelastfewyears.

【拓展】adj.explosive

爆炸性的

n.explosion

爆炸Unemploymentbecamean_________

issue(一個(gè)爆炸性問(wèn)題).

thetheoryofpopulation__________:人口大爆炸理論v.爆炸，炸開(kāi)v.（指感情）迸發(fā)(=burstinto…)v.（指人口）突然或迅速增加explosiveexplosion8.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’ime:①

最終/遲早(=finally/soonerorlater)譯:我遲早會(huì)回來(lái)的.I’llcomebackintime.②

及時(shí)；不遲(=notlate)A.她會(huì)及時(shí)回來(lái)準(zhǔn)備晚餐.Shewillbeback______________preparedinner.B.你認(rèn)為我們能及時(shí)趕上火車(chē)嗎?Doyouthinkwecangetthere__________thetrain?intimetointimefor拓展：與time相關(guān)的短語(yǔ):ontime__________attimes__________innotime

___________onceuponatime__________killtime______________

fromtimetotimeaheadoftimetakeone’stime準(zhǔn)時(shí)有時(shí);偶爾立刻；馬上從前消磨時(shí)間不時(shí)地提前別著急；慢慢來(lái)情系考場(chǎng)1.________，IlostheartinEnglishlearning，butmyteacheroftensaidtome，“Keeponstudyinghard,andyou’llsucceed________.”A．Atatime；intime

B．Atatime；ontimeC．Atonetime；intimeD．Atonetime；ontimeC2．(2009年江西景德鎮(zhèn)模擬)—Doesheoftenaskyouforhelp?—Oh，no，only________.A．a(chǎn)llthetimeB．a(chǎn)tonetimeC．a(chǎn)tatimeD．a(chǎn)ttimesD3．—IamafraidIcan’treturnthebooktoyoubeforeFriday.—________.A．Don’tbeafraidB．BecarefulC．NotatallD．TakeyourtimeD(L.13)…whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.

①大氣層②會(huì)談在友好的氣氛下進(jìn)行。

Thetalkwasconductedinafriendlyatmosphere.9.…astheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface.

隨著地球的冷卻,地球的表面就開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)了水。1)cooldown變涼,冷卻,平息,冷靜曬了一天的太陽(yáng)之后,他喜歡在海水中涼快一下。Afteradayinthesun,helikedto__________inthesea.他的話平息了她的怒氣。Hiswords_____________heranger.cooldowncooleddownappear“出現(xiàn),似乎”，不及物動(dòng)詞“似乎,好像”系動(dòng)詞,該詞無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

OurteacherappearedonTVthismorning.10.WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.

unlikeprep.dislikev.likelyadj.unlikelyadj.11.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.

水會(huì)對(duì)于生命的發(fā)展起關(guān)鍵作用,這一點(diǎn)在當(dāng)時(shí)并不太明顯。fundamentaladj.基礎(chǔ)的，基本的

12.Thecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintooceansandseas.harmfuladj.___________

beharmfulto…對(duì)…有害e.g.Smokingisharmfultoyourhealth.=Smoking_____________yourhealth.【拓展】

①harmless__________

聯(lián)想：useless,helpless,homeless,…②Thereisnoharminreadingmorebooks.Thereisnoharmindoingsth.做某事沒(méi)有壞處

有害的無(wú)害的doesharmto=doharmtoTheharmthemodernfarmingmethodshavedone____thecountrysideisconsiderable.A.onB.toC.atD.for

解析

doharmtosb./sth.為固定短語(yǔ),意為“對(duì)……有害”，且“themodernfarming...countryside”為定語(yǔ)從句修飾harm。故選B項(xiàng)。B13.Thisproducedachainreactionwhichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.

譯:這產(chǎn)生了________，使生命的發(fā)展________.

注:

makeit+adj.+(forsb.)todosth.:使得(某人)做某事…

(形式賓語(yǔ))(真正的賓語(yǔ))連鎖反應(yīng)

成為可能BBGLearningMachineeasylearnEnglish

BBGlearningmachinemakesiteasyforstudentstolearnEnglish.students①TheforeignMinistersaid,“_____ourhopethatthetwosideswillworktowardspeace.”(2004BJ)A.ThisisB.ThereisC.ThatisD.Itis②Ilike____intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.(NMET2004)A.thisB.thatC.itD.one③Whydon’tyoubring___tohisattentionthatyouaretoobusytodoit?A.thisB.thatC.whatD.it④Wasitattheschool____wasnamedafterahero_____hespenthischildhood?A.which;thatB.where;whereC.that;whereD.which;whereDDC組長(zhǎng)讓我們可以一起合作.Thegroupleader_____________________老師讓他們?nèi)菀椎孛靼啄莻€(gè)問(wèn)題.Theteacher_________________________________.madeitpossibleforustoworktogether.madeiteasyforthemtounderstandthequestion14.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthethelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.multiplyv.乘,增加,繁殖蚊子在夏天繁殖得很快.Mosquitoesmultiplyrapidlyinsummer.2)encouragev.鼓勵(lì),促進(jìn)encouragesb.todosth老師鼓勵(lì)我們課后多做英語(yǔ)練習(xí).Theteacherencouragesustodomoreexerciseafterclass.

1（10四川10）Aftergraduatingfromcollege，Itooksometimeofftogotravelling，

turnedouttobeawisedecision．

A．thatB．whichC．whenD．where2.10全國(guó)Ⅰ24）Asachild,Jackstudiedinavillageschool,_____isnamedafterhisgrandfather.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that15.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.另外一些叫作兩棲動(dòng)物,它們既能在陸地上生活也能在水里生存.

aswellas

表示“(除….之外)也;既……又”.

如:I’mlearningFrenchaswellasEnglish.我學(xué)英語(yǔ)之外還學(xué)法語(yǔ).Hegrowsflowersaswellasvegetables.他既種菜也種花.“就遠(yuǎn)原則”：HeaswellasI______(like)rockmusic.Iaswellashe______(like)rockmusic.likeslike16.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylaying

eggs.它們一般是通過(guò)孵蛋而繁衍后代的.lie,lie,lay的區(qū)別如下:動(dòng)詞原形第三人稱單數(shù)過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞中文釋義

lielies撒謊;謊話

lielies躺;位于

laylays放置;下蛋l(fā)iedliedlyinglaylainlyinglaidlaidlayingTheyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.

It’sgenerallybelievedthat…一般認(rèn)為…

generallyspeaking一般而言，概括來(lái)說(shuō)

1)It’sgenerallybelievedthatgirlsworkharderthanboysdo.

2)Generallyspeaking,womencrymoreeasilythanmen.

Thenaughtyboy______tomethatthehenthat____therejustnowhad____twoeggsthedaybefore.A.laid;laid;laidB.laid;lay;lainC.lied;laid;lainD.lied;lay;laid及時(shí)練17.(L.40)Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.exist:v.①Couldlifeexistinthedesert?_________②ThereexistsabeautifulgardeninourSchool.=There______abeautifulgardeninourSchool.【拓展】

n.existence:存在搭配:comeintoexistence=comeintobeing開(kāi)始存在、成立譯:Whendidthisworldcomeintoexistence?Attention：exist不用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)！存在isThereexist=Therebe(某處存在…/有…)existon/by靠…為生Itwasimpossibleforthemto________suchasmallincome.Peopledonotnowbelieveinthe________ofghosts.A．birthB．evidenceC．existenceD．occurrence解析：選C?？疾槊~辨析。birth“出生”；evidence“證據(jù)”；existence“存在”；occurrence“發(fā)生”。句意：如今人們不信有鬼存在。由句意知應(yīng)選C。existon18.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheygavebirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandproducemilktofeedthem.

bedifferentfrom

與…不同

givebirthto

1)生（孩子）

She’sjustgivenbirthtoahealthybabygirl.

她剛剛生了個(gè)健康的女?huà)搿?/p>

2)產(chǎn)生

Theextraordinaryexperiencegavebirthtohislatestnovel.

這段奇特的經(jīng)歷促成了他的最新的一部小說(shuō)的誕生。spread,spread,spread（1）vi.（消息等）傳開(kāi)，流傳。如：Thenewsspreadthroughtheschoolveryquickly.Thefirespreadfromthefactorytothehousenearby.19.smallcleveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.

（2）v.“使伸展，延伸，張開(kāi)”，常與out連用。Hespreadouthisarmstowelcomeus.Ispreadanewclothonthetable.我在餐桌上鋪上一條新桌布。他張開(kāi)手臂歡迎我們。20.(L.41)Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.remain用法小結(jié)：1)remain作系動(dòng)詞(看作“be”理解),意為“仍然；依舊”①

Peter成為了一個(gè)經(jīng)理，而Jack仍然是個(gè)工人。

Peterbecameamanager,butJackremained___________.②盡管外面很冷，房間里還是那么暖和。

Thoughitiscoldoutside,theroomremained______.③

他不得不繼續(xù)住在醫(yī)院，直到身體好轉(zhuǎn)。

Hehadtoremain_____________untilhewasbetter.④雖然我們?nèi)宕蔚卣?qǐng)她坐下，她還是站著。

Thoughwerepeatedlyaskedhertositdown,sheremained___________.⑤他們?nèi)匀槐绘i在房間里。

Theyremained__________intheroom.aworkerremain+n.作表語(yǔ)remain+adj.作表語(yǔ)warminhospitallockedremain+介詞短語(yǔ)standingremain+分詞作表語(yǔ)(doing表主動(dòng)；done表被動(dòng))2)remain作vi(不及物動(dòng)詞)①表示“留下；剩下”

e.g.Theywent,butIremained.②表示某事“尚待、有待于以后被處置”，后加“tobedone.”e.g.Oneproblemremains_______________(solve).e.g.Thatremains________________(prove).3)remains:n.表示“遺跡；剩余物”e.g.The

remains

ofthesupperweretakenaway.

4）remaining:adj.“剩余的”tobesolvedtobeprovedHavingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_______whethertheywillenjoyit.

A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen2.Theladysaidshewouldbuyagiftforherdaughterwiththe_______.

A.20dollarsremainedB.20dollarstoremain

C.remained20dollarsD.remaining20dollars3.Itwasalreadypastmidnightandonlythreeyoungmen_______intheteahouse.

A.leftB.remained

C.delayedD.deserted4.Pleaseremain_______untiltheplanehascometoacompletestop.

A.toseatB.tobeseated

C.seatingD.seated21.Thus,theyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.inone’sturn:輪到某人譯:Whenitisinmyturn,Iamtooexcitedtospeak.【拓展】

inturn:依次；反過(guò)來(lái)

(≠inreturn--作為回報(bào))taketurnstodo/doingsth.:輪流做某事

turn______:調(diào)小音量；拒絕

turn______:調(diào)大音量；出現(xiàn)

turn______:(使)…變成敵人downupagainst【即時(shí)演練】用“up/down/in/against”填空①Thehelpwegivetootherswill____turngiveourselvespleasure.②Hesaidthathewoulddiethantoturn_______hiscountry.③Hetriedtojointhearmybutwasturned______becauseofpoorhealth.④Mybo