新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大學(xué)英語綜合教程第二冊(cè)重點(diǎn)文章及翻譯

Unit1AreYoua1960sTypeStudent?Ifyoucanrememberanythingaboutthe1960s,youweren'treallythere,"sothesayinggoes.Itmaybetrueforthosewhospenttheircollegeyearsinahazeofmarijuanasmoke.Butthereisonethingeveryoneremembersaboutthe1960s:Goingtocollegewasthemostexcitingandstimulatingexperienceofyourlife.Inthe1960s,California'scollegesanduniversitieshadtransformedthestateintotheworld'sseventhlargesteconomy.However,Berkeley,theUniversityofCalifornia'smaincampus,wasalsowell-knownforitsstudentdemonstrationsandstrikes,anditsatmosphereofpoliticalradicalism.WhenRonaldReaganranforofficeasgovernorofCaliforniain1966,heaskedifCalifornianswouldallow"agreatuniversitytobebroughttoitskneesbyanoisy,dissidentminority".Theliberalsrepliedthatitwastheabilitytotoleratenoisy,dissidentminoritieswhichmadeuniversitiesgreat.OnuniversitycampusesinEurope,masssocialistorcommunistmovementsgaverisetoincreasinglyviolentclashesbetweentheestablishmentandthecollegestudents,withtheirnewandpassionatecommitmenttofreedomandjustice.MuchoftheprotestwasabouttheVietnamWar.ButinFrance,thestudentsoftheSorbonneinParismanagedtoformanalliancewiththetradeunionsandtolaunchageneralstrike,whichultimatelybroughtabouttheresignationofPresidentdeGaulle.Itwasn'tjusttheactivismthatcharacterizedstudentlifeinthe1960s.Everywhere,goingtocollegemeantyourfirsttasteofrealfreedom,oflatenightsinthedormorintheJuniorCommonRoom,discussingthemeaningoflife.Youusedtohavetogotocollegetoreadyourfirstforbiddenbook,seeyourfirstindiefilm,orfindsomeonewhosharedyourpassion,forJimiHendrixorLennyBruce.Itwasamomentofunimaginablefreedom,themostliberatinginyourlife:Butwhere'sthepassiontoday?What'sthematterwithcollege?Thesedayspolitical,socialandcreativeawakeningseemstohappennotbecauseofcollege,butinspiteofit.Ofcourse,it'struethathighereducationisstillimportant.Forexample,intheUK,PrimeMinisterBlairwasclosetoachievinghisaimofgetting50percentofallunderthirtiesintocollegeby2010(eventhoughacynicwouldsaythatthiswastokeepthemofftheunemploymentstatistics).Yetcollegeeducationisnolongeratopicofgreatnationalimportance.Today,collegeisseenasakindofsmalltownfromwhichpeoplearekeentoescape.Somepeopledropout,butthemostapatheticstaythecoursebecauseit'stoomuchefforttoleave.Insteadoftheheadyatmosphereoffreedomwhichstudentsinthe1960sdiscovered,studentstodayaremuchmoreserious.TheBritishCouncilhasrecentlydoneresearchintothefactorswhichhelpinternationalstudentsdecidewheretostudy.Indescendingordertheseare:qualityofcourses,employabilityprospects,affordability,personalsecurityissues,lifestyle,andaccessibility.Collegehasbecomeameanstoanend,anopportunitytoincreaseone'schancesontheemploymentmarket,andnotanendinitself,whichgivesyouthechancetoimagine,justforashortwhile,thatyoucanchangetheworld.Thegapbetweenchildhoodandcollegehasshrunk,andsohasthegapbetweencollegeandtherealworld.Oneofthereasonsmaybefinancial.Inanuncertainworld,manychildrenrelyontheirparents'supportmuchlongerthantheyusedto.Studentsleavinguniversityinthe21stcenturysimplycannotaffordtosetuptheirownhomebecauseit'stooexpensive.Anotherpossiblereasonisthecommunicationsrevolution.Gonearethedayswhenasonordaughterranghomeonceortwiceaterm.Todaystudentsareumbilicallylinkedtotheirparentsbytheircellphones.Andasforfindinglike-mindedfriendstoshareapassionforobscureliteratureormusic,well,wehavetheInternetandchatroomstohelpusdothat."Blisswasitinthatdawntobealive,Buttobeyoungwasveryheaven!"WordsworthmayhavewrittentheselinesabouttheFrenchRevolution;buttheywerealsotrueforthestudentsofthe1960s.Sowhyaren'ttheytrueforthestudentsoftoday?大學(xué)已經(jīng)不再特別了有這么一種說法：“要是你能記得20世紀(jì)60年代的任何事情，你就沒有真正經(jīng)歷過那段歲月?！睂?duì)于在大麻煙霧中度過大學(xué)時(shí)光的那些人，這話可能是真的。但是，20世紀(jì)60年代有一件事人人都記得，那就是：上大學(xué)是你一生中最激動(dòng)人心、最刺激的經(jīng)歷。20世紀(jì)60年代，加州的高校把本州變成了世界第七大經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)體。然而，加州大學(xué)的主校園伯克利分校也以學(xué)生示威、罷課以及激進(jìn)的政治氛圍而著名。1966年，羅納德·里根競選加州州長，他問加州是否允許“一所偉大的大學(xué)被喧鬧的、唱反調(diào)的少數(shù)人征服?！弊杂膳扇耸炕卮鹫f，大學(xué)之所以偉大正是因?yàn)樗鼈冇心芰θ萑绦[的、唱反調(diào)的少數(shù)人。在歐洲的大學(xué)校園里，大學(xué)生以新的姿態(tài)和激情投人到爭取自由和正義的事業(yè)中去，大規(guī)模的社會(huì)主義或共產(chǎn)主義運(yùn)動(dòng)引發(fā)了他們與當(dāng)權(quán)者之間日益升級(jí)的暴力沖突。許多抗議是針對(duì)越南戰(zhàn)爭的?？墒窃诜▏屠璐髮W(xué)的學(xué)生與工會(huì)聯(lián)盟，發(fā)動(dòng)了一場大罷工，最終導(dǎo)致戴高樂總統(tǒng)辭職。20世紀(jì)60年代大學(xué)生活的特點(diǎn)并不僅僅是激進(jìn)的行動(dòng)。不論在什么地方，上大學(xué)都意味著你初次品嘗真正自由的滋味，初次品嘗深更半夜在宿舍或?qū)W生活動(dòng)室里討論人生意義的滋味。你往往得上了大學(xué)才能閱讀你的第一本禁書，看你的第一部獨(dú)立影人電影，或者找到和你一樣癡迷吉米·亨德里克斯或蘭尼·布魯斯的志同道合者。那是一段難以想象的自由時(shí)光，你一生中最無拘無束的時(shí)光。可如今那份激情哪兒去了？大學(xué)怎么了？現(xiàn)在，政治、社會(huì)和創(chuàng)造意識(shí)的覺醒似乎不是憑借大學(xué)的助力，而是沖破其阻力才發(fā)生的。當(dāng)然，一點(diǎn)不假，高等教育仍然重要。例如，在英國，布萊爾首相幾乎實(shí)現(xiàn)了到2010年讓50％的30歲以下的人上大學(xué)的目標(biāo)（即使憤世嫉俗的人會(huì)說，這是要把他們排除在失業(yè)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)之外）。不過，大學(xué)教育已不再是全民重視的話題了。如今，大學(xué)被視為人們急于逃離的一種小城鎮(zhèn)。有些人輟學(xué)，但大多數(shù)已經(jīng)有些麻木，還是堅(jiān)持混到畢業(yè)，因?yàn)殡x開學(xué)校實(shí)在是太費(fèi)事了。沒有了20世紀(jì)60年代大學(xué)生所發(fā)現(xiàn)的令人頭腦發(fā)熱的自由氣氛，如今的大學(xué)生要嚴(yán)肅得多。英國文化協(xié)會(huì)最近做了一項(xiàng)調(diào)查，研究外國留學(xué)生在決定上哪所大學(xué)時(shí)所考慮的因素。這些因素從高到低依次是：課程質(zhì)量、就業(yè)前景、學(xué)費(fèi)負(fù)擔(dān)、人身安全問題、生活方式，以及各種便利。大學(xué)已變成實(shí)現(xiàn)目的的手段，是在就業(yè)市場上增加就業(yè)幾率的一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，上大學(xué)本身不再是目的，不再是給你提供一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，讓你暫時(shí)想象一下：你能夠改變世界。童年與大學(xué)之間的距離已縮小了，大學(xué)與現(xiàn)實(shí)世界之間的距離也縮小了。其中的一個(gè)原因可能和經(jīng)濟(jì)有關(guān)。在一個(gè)沒有保障的世界里，現(xiàn)在的許多孩子依賴父母資助的時(shí)間比以前的孩子更長。21世紀(jì)的學(xué)生大學(xué)畢業(yè)后根本無法自立門戶，因?yàn)槟翘嘿F了。另一個(gè)可能的原因是通訊革命。兒子或女兒每學(xué)期往家里打一兩回電話的日子一去不復(fù)返了。如今，大學(xué)生通過手機(jī)與父母保持著臍帶式聯(lián)系。至于尋找癡迷無名文學(xué)或音樂的同道好友，沒問題，我們有互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和聊天室來幫助我們做到這一點(diǎn)?！靶腋０?，活在那個(gè)黎明之中，．年輕更是如進(jìn)天堂！華茲華斯的詩句說的可能是法國大革命，但是對(duì)于20世紀(jì)60年代的大學(xué)生而言，這樣的詩句同樣真實(shí)生動(dòng)。可是為什么對(duì)于如今的大學(xué)生來說，它們就不真實(shí)了呢？Unit2ThisisSandyIloveitwhenmyfriendsintroducemetonewpeople,althoughIneverleton.Ilovetheproudandhonorableexpressiontheywearwhentheysay“ThisisSandy—she'sdeaf”,asifIwereevidenceoftheirbenevolence.Ialsolovethesplit-secondshockedexpressiononthenewpeople,thehastysmilesandtheirbestimitationsofwhattheythinkofastheir“normalfaces”.IftheydotheritualwellenoughIturnmyheadeversoslightlyandtuckmyhairbehindoneofmyears,whicheverone'sclosertothem.Theyneverfailtosaysomethingniceaboutmypinkhearingaids,whilemyregularfriendsbeamon.I'mthinkingofstartingahearingaidcollection,actually.They'dmakebetteraccessoriesthanearrings:Ioncesawacatalogforclip-onhearingaidsandhearingaidcovers,andtheproductsweremostdefinitelyfashionstatementsinvariousshapesandhues.It'dbeliketheexquisitelyexpensivehandbagEsther'sdadgotherwhenwewereinhighschool.Therestofuscouldonlyadmire,butcouldnot,imitate,becauseourdadsweren’trichenoughtospoilusthatway.Andnow,onlyIcanwearhearingaids:Myfriendscandonothingbutgush.Tobehonest,Iquitelikemydeafness.Itwasn'teasythefirstfewyearsafterthecaraccidentandthestupidexplodingairbag,butnowit'sbecomesomethingthatmakesmespecialamongmyfriends.Noneofmyclosefriendsarehearing-impaired;simplybecauseIwasn’tborndeaf.BythetimeIlostmyhearing;I'dalreadyaccumulatedafixedcircleofpeople,andtheymostlyrushedtoparticipateinthedrama.Youknowhowwhenyoutalkaboutyourfriends,yourefertothemasDrewtheBartender,CaroltheFeminist,GregtheGuyWhoCanKnotaCherryStemwithHisTongueandsoon?I'mSandytheDeafGirl.Ilikeit.Idon’thaveanyotherparticularlyoutstandingtraitsorskills.Neverdid.It'smorethanjuststandingout;too:I'msurealotofimportanteventsinmylifewouldn'thavehappenedorworkedoutquitethesamewayifIweren'twearingpinkhearingaids.Forexample,thethingwithColin.IfirstmetColinatanapartmentparty.WhenCaroltheFeministintroducedustoeachother,Ituckedmyhairbehindbothmyearsandleanedcloser,notbecausehedidtheritualparticularlywell;butbecausehewasastud:Youshouldhaveseenhisrecoverysmileaftertheinevitablesurprise.Wewentinsearchofdrinksafterthehandshakes,andsomewherebetweenwhatwasfunctioningasthewinebarandthecouch,welostCarol.“Doyouusuallyreadlipslikethis?Ordoyousign,too?”heaskedafterawhile.“Imostlyjustreadlipsbecauseitwaseasiertopickupthansigning,althoughthat'snottheonlyreasonIwasstaringatyourlips,"Itoldhim.Helaughed.Wetalkedmore,andthenthehostuppedthemusicvolumeanddimmedthelightsforthe“dancefloor”;andIhadtoleaninmuch,muchclosertobeabletocontinuereadinghislipsinthesemi-darkness.AndreadhislipsIdid.Wedidtheusualandexchangednumbers,andaweeklaterColindidtheunthinkableandcalled.Wewentout,satisfiedourselvesthattheotherpersonstilllookedgoodinsoberdaylight,andreadmorelips.WithintwomonthsColinandIweredating.這位是桑迪我的朋友向生人介紹我的時(shí)候，雖然我嘴上從不說什么，但我心里喜歡得很。我喜歡他們說“這位是桑迪—她是聾子”的時(shí)候臉上那副驕傲和榮耀的表情，就好像我證明了他們的仁德善心一樣。我也喜歡生人臉上那瞬間的震驚表情、匆忙的微笑和他們竭力裝出的“正常臉色”。如果他們這套儀式做得夠好，我就會(huì)微微轉(zhuǎn)過頭，把頭發(fā)掖到離他們較近的那只耳朵后面。他們總會(huì)說些好話，夸我的粉紅色助聽器，我的朋友們則在一旁燦爛地微笑。實(shí)際上，我在考慮開始收藏助聽器。它們是比耳環(huán)更好的首飾。我曾經(jīng)看到過一款“一夾得”帶罩助聽器的廣告圖片，產(chǎn)品有各種各樣的形狀和顏色，絕對(duì)時(shí)髦。那就像我們上高中的時(shí)候，埃斯特的爸爸給她買的精美昂貴的手提包一樣。那時(shí)，我們其他人只有羨慕的份兒，卻無法仿效，因?yàn)槲覀兊睦习譀]那么多錢去嬌慣我們。而現(xiàn)在，只有我能戴助聽器。朋友們也就只有羨慕的份兒了。說實(shí)話，我挺喜歡耳聾的。在那次車禍和愚蠢的安全氣囊破裂之后的頭幾年，日子不好過，但是現(xiàn)在，耳聾讓我在朋友中顯得很特別。我的好朋友沒有一個(gè)是聽力殘障的，因?yàn)槲也皇翘焐@，在我失去聽覺的時(shí)候，我已經(jīng)有了一個(gè)固定的朋友圈。他們中的多數(shù)人都熱心積極地參加這場“表演”。你知道，在你談?wù)撆笥褧r(shí)，你會(huì)把稱他們?yōu)椤熬瓢墒陶叩卖敗?、“女?quán)主義者卡羅爾”、‘能用舌頭給櫻桃梗打結(jié)的家伙格雷格”等等。我是“聾女桑迪”。我喜歡這個(gè)稱呼。我沒有任何其它突出的個(gè)性或能耐。從來沒有過。還不僅僅是與眾不同。我確信，假如我不戴粉紅色助聽器的話，我生活中的許多重大事件就不會(huì)以同樣的方式發(fā)生或產(chǎn)生同樣的結(jié)果。例如，跟柯林之間的事兒。我初次遇見柯林是在一次公寓派對(duì)上。女權(quán)主義者卡羅爾給我們彼此做了介紹之后，我把頭發(fā)攏到兩耳之后，湊得更近些，不是因?yàn)樗涯翘變x式做得特別好，而是因?yàn)樗莻€(gè)情種。誰都能注意到在不可避免的驚訝之后他臉上恢復(fù)的微笑。握手之后，我們?nèi)ツ煤鹊?。在臨時(shí)搭建的吧臺(tái)和沙發(fā)之間的某個(gè)地方，卡羅爾不見了。“你通常都像這樣讀唇語嗎？還是也用手語？”過了一會(huì)兒他問。我告訴他說：“我多數(shù)時(shí)間只讀唇語，因?yàn)檫@比用手語更容易，但這不是我一直盯著你的嘴唇的唯一原因?！彼笮ζ饋?。我們又說了一會(huì)兒話。后來，主人放大音樂的音量，調(diào)暗“舞池”的燈光；我不得不湊近他，很近很近，以便能在昏暗中接著讀他的唇語。我的確讀到了他的唇語。我們照例交換了電話號(hào)碼。一周之后，柯林做了件不可思議的事：他打來了電話。我們出去玩了，發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)方在大白天依然好看，因此彼此感覺滿意。我又讀了更多的唇語。在兩個(gè)月之內(nèi)，柯林和我就開始約會(huì)了。Unit3StolenIdentityCatchMeIfYouCan“Frankneverwenttopilotschool,medicalschool,lawschool,...becausehe'sstillinhighschool.”Thatwasthestraplineofthe2002filmCatchMeIfYouCan,whichtellsthestoryofFrankAbagnale,Jr.(LeonardoDiCaprio),abrilliantyoungmasterofdeceptionwhoatdifferenttimesimpersonatedadoctor,alawyer,andanairplanepilot,forgingchecksworthmorethansixmilliondollarsin26countries.HebecametheyoungestmantoevermaketheFBI’smost-wantedlistforforgery.HuntedandcaughtinthefilmbyfictionalFBIagentCarlHanratty(TomHanks),Abagnalelaterescaped.HeeventuallybecameaconsultantfortheFBIwherehefocusedonwhite-collarcrime.It'sagreatfilm,butcouldithappeninreallife?Infact,CatchMeIfYouCanisbasedonthetruestoryofFrankAbagnale,whosecareerasafraudsterlastedaboutsixyearsbeforehewascaught,whoescapedfromcustodythreetimes(oncethroughanairplanetoilet),andwhospentatotalofsixyearsinprisoninFrance,SwedenandtheUS.Henowrunsaconsultancyadvisingtheworldofbusinesshowtoavoidfraud.Hehasraisedenoughmoneytopaybackallhisvictims,andisnowamulti-millionaire.Since2003,identitythefthasbecomeincreasinglycommon.Fewpeoplecouldimaginehowimportantthingsliketakingmailtothepostofficeandnotleavingitinthemailboxforpickup,shreddingdocumentsinsteadofthrowingthemoutwiththetrash,evenusingapencostingacoupleofbucks,havebecometoavoidlife-changingcrimes.Moreandmorepeoplearebecominganonymousvictimsofidentitytheft.Wespendmanyhoursanddollarstryingtorecoverourname,ourcredit,ourmoneyandourlives.Weneedtolookfordifferentwaystoprotectourselves.Wecanimproveourchancesofavoidingthiscrime,butitwillnevergoaway.It'snotjustalistofdo'sanddon'ts,weneedtochangeourmindset.Althoughonlinebankingisnowcommonplace,there'sasignificantgroupofpeopleinthecountry—thebabyboomers,15percentofthepopulation—whostillprefertousepaper.What'smore,30percentofcasesoffraudoccurwithinthisgroup.Acheckhasalltheinformationaboutyouthatanidentitythiefneeds.Ifyouuseaballpointpen,theinkcanberemovedwiththehelpofaregularhouseholdchemicalandthesumofmoneycanbechanged.Morethan1.2millionbadchecksareissuedeveryday,morethan13persecond.Checkfraudisbigbusiness...andgrowingby25percenteveryyear.Criminalscountonourmistakestomaketheirjobseasier.Sohowcanwepreventidentitytheftbeforeithappenstous?Takeafewprecautions.Don'tleaveyourmailinyourmailboxovernightorovertheweekend.Thieveswaitfortheredflagtogoup,sotheycanlookthroughyouroutgoingmailforusefulpersonalinformationorchecks.Useagelpenforchecksandimportantforms,theinkistrappedinthefiberofthepaper,anditcan’tberemovedwithchemicals:Also,shredortearupalldocumentswhichcontainpersonalinformationbeforeyouputtheminthetrash.Rememberthatthereareplentyofonlineopportunitiesforthievestocreateafalseidentitybasedonyourown.We’reallawareoftheriskstopersonalinformationoncomputerdatabasesbyhackingandTrojanhorses.ButchoosingsomeoneanddoingaGooglesearchcanalsoyieldlargeamountsofpersonalinformation,andsocanonlinesocialnetworkingsitessuchasMySpace,FacebookandBebo.Andjustaswetakeourpocketbookwithuswhenweleavetheofficetogotothebathroom,it'salsoworthloggingoffyourcomputertoavoidopportunistictheft.Finally,ifyougetrobbedinamoretraditionalway—inthestreet—cancelingyourcreditcardsisobviouslythefirstthingtodo.Butdon'tforgetthatevenafterthey’rereportedlost,theycanbeusedasidentificationtoacquirestorecards...andyougetthecriminalrecord.Identityfraudcangoonforyearswithoutthevictim’sknowledge.Thereisnoescapingthefactthatrightnowfraudstersarefindingidentitycrimealltooeasy.Ifyouhaven’thadyouridentitystolen,it'sonlybecausetheyhaven’tgottoyouyet.Yourturnwillcome.竊取的身份“弗蘭克從未上過飛行學(xué)院、醫(yī)學(xué)院、法學(xué)院……因?yàn)樗€在上高中?！边@是2002年的電影《有種來抓我》的劇情簡介。影片講述了小弗蘭克·阿巴格納爾（萊昂納多·迪卡普里奧飾演）的故事。影片主人公是一位聰明絕頂?shù)哪贻p騙術(shù)大師，曾在不同時(shí)間扮演醫(yī)生、律師和飛行員的角色，在26個(gè)國家偽造了價(jià)值600萬美元以上的支票。他成了聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局有史以來偽造罪頭號(hào)通緝令名單上最年輕的通緝犯。在影片中，阿巴格納爾被虛構(gòu)的聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局特工卡爾·漢拉提（湯姆·漢克斯飾演）追捕，但后來逃脫了。他最終成了聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局專攻白領(lǐng)犯罪的顧問專家?！队蟹N來抓我》是一部很棒的電影，但影片中的事情會(huì)在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中發(fā)生嗎？其實(shí)，《有種來抓我》是根據(jù)弗蘭克·阿巴格納爾的真實(shí)故事改編的，他的行騙生涯持續(xù)了大約六年；被抓后，曾三次逃脫監(jiān)管（有一次是從飛機(jī)的廁所逃走的）；在法國、瑞典和美國的監(jiān)獄中總共度過了六年時(shí)光。他現(xiàn)在經(jīng)營一家咨詢事務(wù)所，為企業(yè)界提供防造假咨詢。他掙到了足夠的錢，賠付了所有的受害者，如今已是大富豪。2003年以來，身份盜竊案變得越來越常見。很少有人會(huì)想象到，為了預(yù)防這種改變?nèi)松姆缸?，采取一些預(yù)防措施有多么重要，比如把郵件拿到郵局去寄而不是丟在信箱里等人來取、把文件切碎而不是直接把它們連同垃圾一道扔出去，甚至使用幾美元一支的（特效）筆等等。越來越多的人正在成為身份盜竊案的無名受害者。我們花費(fèi)許多時(shí)間和金錢，去努力挽回我們的姓名、我們的信用、我們的錢和我們的生活。我們需要想方設(shè)法來保護(hù)自己。我們可以減少此類犯罪的機(jī)會(huì)，但是它永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)消失。這不僅僅是要求我們列一份“該做”和“不該做”事項(xiàng)的清單，我們還需要改變心態(tài)。雖然網(wǎng)上銀行現(xiàn)在很常見，但國內(nèi)有一大群人—即占人口15％的生育高峰時(shí)期出生的一代人—還是更喜歡用紙。而且，30%的詐騙案都發(fā)生在這群人當(dāng)中。支票上有身份盜賊所需的你的全部信息。如果你用圓珠筆，筆跡可以用一般的家用化學(xué)藥品除去，錢數(shù)可以更改。每天發(fā)出的空頭支票高達(dá)120萬張以上，平均每秒13張以上。支票造假是個(gè)大產(chǎn)業(yè)……每年以25％的速率增長。犯罪分子指望我們犯錯(cuò)誤，好讓他們更容易得手。那么我們?cè)鯓硬拍芊阑加谖慈荒?？采取一些預(yù)防措施。不要把你的郵件留在郵箱里過夜或過周末。小偷就等著看你家信箱的小紅旗（注：在美國，信箱上插上小紅旗表示有郵件需要投遞），以便通過你要投遞的郵件找尋有用的個(gè)人信息或支票。要用簽字筆填寫支票和重要表格，（因?yàn)椋┖炞止P的墨水會(huì)滲進(jìn)紙張的纖維中，無法用化學(xué)藥品除去。還有，切碎或撕碎含有個(gè)人信息的所有文件，然后再把它們丟進(jìn)垃圾桶。記住，網(wǎng)上有大量機(jī)會(huì)可以被小偷利用。他們根據(jù)你的身份偽造假身份。我們都知道黑客行為和木馬軟件對(duì)電腦數(shù)據(jù)庫中個(gè)人信息的威脅。但是在谷歌上搜索某人也會(huì)透露大量個(gè)人信息，在線社交網(wǎng)站（如“我的空間”、“相冊(cè)”和“畢波”）也一樣。正如我們離開辦公室去廁所時(shí)要隨身帶上錢包一樣，離開電腦時(shí)也應(yīng)該注銷你的電腦以防臨時(shí)起意的盜竊。最后一點(diǎn)，假如你遭遇較傳統(tǒng)方式的搶劫一比如在大街上一掛失你的信用卡顯然是要做的第一件事。但是別忘了，即使掛了失，信用卡也可以用作身份證件來獲得購物卡……那你就有了犯罪記錄。身份偽造可以肆行多年而不為受害者所知。一個(gè)無法回避的事實(shí)是：現(xiàn)在的詐騙者覺得身份犯罪簡直是太容易了。如果你的身份尚未失竊，那只是因?yàn)樗麄冞€沒有對(duì)你動(dòng)手。就會(huì)輪到你的。Unit4ThedeathofNewspaperForyearsitstartedthedayformillionsofpeople:thesoundofthenewspaperhittingthefrontdoor,thewindowortheneighbor'sdog.Withacupofcoffee,maybesomebreakfast,theritualofreadingthenewspaperwasthequietbeforethestorm,amomentofpleasureandpeacebeforetheworkingdaybegan.ButallovertheEnglish-speakingworld,newspapereditorsarefacingthesameproblem:Circulationhasdeclined,asmoreandmorereadersturntotheInternetfortheirnews.Thismeansthattherevenuefromadvertisingisalsodeclining,andthecoverpriceofthenewspaperisrising,sotheycanmakethesameamountofmoney.Andofcourse,aprice-sensitiveproductlikeanewspapercouldlosereaders,andtheviciouscirclecontinues.Sowhatdoesthefuturehold?Isitthedeathofthenewspaper?Thedeclineisalong-termtrendof20ormoreyears,predatingtheInternet.Four-fifthsofAmericansoncereadnewspapers.Today,itseemsthatfewerthanhalfdo.Amongadults,between1990and2000,dailyreadershipfellfrom52.6percentto37.5percent.Amongtheyoung,thesituationisevenworse:Only19percentofthosebetweentheagesof18and34claimtoreadadailynewspaper.Amereninepercenttrustedtheinformationthenewspapercontains.AdvertisingontheInternetworksdifferentlythaninprint.Theadvertisercanmonitorminutebyminuteiftheiradsareworking,andnolongerhastorelyoncirculationfigures.ThegreaternumberofoutletswhichtheInternetcanofferencouragesferociouscompetitionforadvertisingrevenue,whileprintingandproductioncostshaverisenremorselessly.Asaresult,TheNewYorkTimesCompanyhasdownsizedby700jobsamongitsvariouspapers.TheBaltimoreSunisclosingdownitsforeignnewsbureaux.IntheUKmostnewspapershavereducedthenewspapertotabloidsize,inabidtocaptureyoungerreaders,althoughbecause"tabloid"hasaconnotationof"downmarket",someofthepapersrefertothenewsizeas"compact’.Alllargecirculationnewspapershaveestablishedstrongwebsites.TheInternetprovidesaneasyoutletforanyonewithanopinion,andthere'snothinganewspapereditorlikesmoreforreassuranceabouttheirworkthanfeedbackandopinions,asdiverseaspossible.Teenagerstodaydon'trememberatimewhentheydidn'thavetheInternet,andreadinganewspaperissomethingtheyonlydoiftheyhaveanassignmenttowriteaboutthespecificmediumofprintjournalism.It'shardtodenytheenvironmentalimpactofnewspapers.Nearlyfourbilliontreesworldwidearecutdownannuallyforpaper,representingabout35percentofallharvestedtrees.Ithastobesaidthatmanyofthetreesusedforpapercomefromspecialestateswherethey'replantedandreplacedonaregularbasis.Furthermore,yesterday'snewspaperisoftenrecycledandturnedbackintotoday's.Nevertheless,papermillsareamongtheworstpolluterstoair,waterandlandofanyindustryintheUS.Butthedailyorweekendnewspaperisstillagreattraditionformanypeople."Sundaywouldn'tbeSundaywithouttheSundaynewspapers,"isacommentwhichoccursregularlyinUK-basedsurveys.Otheropinionsdrawattentiontotheconvenienceofthepaperoverthelaptop:"Mynewspaper'sbatteryneverdies,""IfIdropmynewspaper,itdoesn'tbreak,""Theflightattendanthasnevertoldmetoputmynewspaperaway,"and,remindingusofthetraditionalwrappingoftheUK'snationaltakeawayfood,"Youcanswatflieswiththem,andtheycanstillbeusedtowrapfish."Somaybethenewspaperwon'tdiewithoutastruggle.Trendsforthefutureofnewspaperincludeanincreaseddemandforlocalnews,andthecontinuedexploitationoflifestylejournalism,whichbeganinthelate1980s,especiallywithinpersonalfinanceandtravel,willcreatenewrevenuestreams.Somecommentatorsrecommendthat,insteadofdumbingdown,whichistheusualwayofincreasingone'smarketshare,newspapersshouldsmartenup,thatistosay,honortheprinciplesofintegrityandimpartialityoftheircoverage.AnewspaperwitheditorialpositionswhicharerespectedbyitsreaderswillsurelyhavemoreinfluenceandprestigethanthesamereportsreadonebyoneontheInternet.Moreover,thesmall-townnewspaperwillalwaysbemeaningfulfortheparentswhosechild'sphotoisnewsforafewdays.AndreadingthetraditionalSundaynewspapersinanarmchairwhileeveryoneelsetakesthedayoffisgoingtobeahardhabittobreak.Butisitenough?Orwillweonedayseethedeathofthenewspaper?報(bào)紙的末日？多年來，數(shù)以百萬計(jì)的人在報(bào)紙擊中前門、窗戶或鄰居的狗的叫聲中開始了一天的生活。對(duì)著一杯咖啡，也許還有早餐，看報(bào)的儀式是風(fēng)暴之前的平靜，是工作日開始之前的愉快安寧?？墒?，在所有講英語的國家，報(bào)紙編輯們正面臨著同一個(gè)問題：發(fā)行量下滑了，因?yàn)樵絹碓蕉嗟淖x者轉(zhuǎn)向互聯(lián)網(wǎng)閱讀新聞。這意味著同時(shí)下滑的廣告收入，以及隨之上漲的報(bào)紙定價(jià)，因?yàn)橹挥羞@樣他們才能掙到一樣多的錢。當(dāng)然，像報(bào)紙這樣價(jià)格敏感的產(chǎn)品可能會(huì)失去讀者，惡性循環(huán)會(huì)不斷加劇。那么將來會(huì)怎樣？報(bào)紙是否走上了末路？這種下滑是20多年來的長期趨勢(shì)，在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)問世之前就已出現(xiàn)。從前，五分之四的美國人看報(bào)，而如今似乎只有不到一半。1990至2000年間，成年人每天看報(bào)的人數(shù)從52.6%下降到37.5%。年輕人中情況更槽：18至34歲的年輕人只有19%自稱每天看報(bào)。而僅有9%的人相信報(bào)紙上的信息?；ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)廣告的運(yùn)作方式與報(bào)紙廣告不同。廣告商可以逐分逐秒地監(jiān)視廣告是否在起作用，而不再需要依賴報(bào)紙的發(fā)行量?；ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)可提供的更多的窗口使廣告收入之戰(zhàn)更加激烈，印刷和生產(chǎn)成本卻不可遏制地上漲。結(jié)果，《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》公司旗下各種報(bào)紙已裁減了700份工作?！栋蜖柕哪μ枅?bào)》即將關(guān)閉其駐外新聞機(jī)構(gòu)。在英國，多數(shù)報(bào)紙都縮版成為小報(bào)開本，意在吸引年輕讀者，但是因?yàn)椤靶?bào)”有“低檔廉價(jià)”之嫌，有些報(bào)紙就稱新開本為“縮編版”。所有發(fā)行量大的報(bào)紙都建立了強(qiáng)大的網(wǎng)站?；ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)為任何有意見的人提供了一個(gè)便利的窗口；報(bào)紙編輯最喜歡的莫過于給他們提供各種不同的反饋和意見，他們能從中得到安慰。如今十幾歲的少年已不記得曾經(jīng)沒有互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的日子了；只有在寫關(guān)于印刷新聞這一特定媒體的作業(yè)時(shí)他們才去看報(bào)紙。不可否認(rèn)報(bào)紙對(duì)環(huán)境的影響。世界上每年有近40億裸樹木被砍伐用來造紙，約占全部木材砍伐量的35%。但必須承認(rèn)，許多用來造紙的樹木是在特別的種植園出產(chǎn)的，它們是定期砍伐和栽種的。而且，舊報(bào)紙常被回收利用，變成新的報(bào)紙。盡管如此，在美國，造紙廠是對(duì)空氣、水體和土地污染最嚴(yán)重的行業(yè)之一。但是，對(duì)于許多人來說，日?qǐng)?bào)或周報(bào)依然是個(gè)偉大的傳統(tǒng)?！皼]有周日版報(bào)紙的周日就不是周日，”這樣的評(píng)語常見于在英國所做的調(diào)查。其他評(píng)語則提到報(bào)紙比筆記本電腦更方便之處：“我的報(bào)紙永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)沒電，”“假如我的報(bào)紙掉到地上，它不會(huì)摔破，”“空姐從來不會(huì)叫我把報(bào)紙收起來，”此外，還有評(píng)語讓我們想到英國全國的外賣食品的傳統(tǒng)包裝方式，“你可以用它們來打蒼蠅，還可以用來包魚。”如此看來，報(bào)紙是不會(huì)輕易消失的。未來報(bào)紙發(fā)展的趨勢(shì)包括對(duì)本地新聞需求的日益增長，而始于20世紀(jì)80年代后期的對(duì)生活方式新聞的持續(xù)開發(fā)利用—尤其在個(gè)人理財(cái)和旅游方面—將會(huì)創(chuàng)造新的收入來源。有些評(píng)論者建議，報(bào)紙不應(yīng)粗制濫造（盡管這是增加市場份額的通常做法），而應(yīng)該精工細(xì)作。也就是說，尊崇以正直、誠實(shí)和不偏不倚的態(tài)度從事新聞報(bào)道的原則。具有為讀者所敬重的辦報(bào)立場的報(bào)紙肯定比互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上零散閱讀的同類報(bào)道享有更大的影響力和聲望。此外，小城鎮(zhèn)報(bào)紙對(duì)于為人父母者總是意味深長，因?yàn)槠渥优恼掌苍S會(huì)在上面刊登，幾天都是新聞。人人都放假的時(shí)候，坐在扶手椅上看傳統(tǒng)的周日版報(bào)紙，這將是難以打破的習(xí)慣。但是這樣是否足夠？或者，有朝一日我們一定會(huì)看到報(bào)紙的消亡？Unit5TheStoryofAnneFrank’sDiary“13June1944.AnotherbirthdayhasgonebysonowI'm15.I'vereceivedquiteafewpresents,anarthistorybook,asetofunderwear,twobelts,andahandkerchief,twopotsofyogurt,apotofjamandtwosmallhoneybiscuits...PeterandIhavebothspentyearsintheannexe—weoftendiscussthefuture,thepastandthepresent,but...Imisstherealthing,andyetIknowitexists.”AnneFrankwrotethesewordsinhernowfamousdiarywhilesheandherfamilywereinhidingin"thesecretannexe",afewroomsinthebackofherfather'sofficeinAmsterdam,Holland.TheFrankswereinfactrefugees,JewsfromGermanywhohademigratedtoHolland,settlinginAmsterdamtoescapefromNazipersecution.Butwhen,inMay1940theGermanarmyinvadedandoccupiedHolland,thepersecutionoftheDutchJewsveryquicklybegantheretoo.LikeallJews,AnneandhersisterMargotwereforbiddentoattendschool,toridetheirbikes,eventotravelinacar.Theywereonlyallowedtogointocertainshops,andatalltimestheyhadtowearayellowstarontheirclothingtoshowtheywereJewish.ThestarofDavid,animportantreligioussymbol,wastransformedintoabadgeofshamebytheNazis.By1941,theNaziswerearrestinglargenumbersofJewishpeople,andsendingthemtolaborcampswhichquicklybecamedeathcamps.OttoFrank,Anne'sfather,decidedtoconcealhisfamily,andthefamilyofhisbusinesspartner.TheFrankswentintohidingon6July1942,justafewweeksafterAnnestartedherdiary,andwerejoinedbythesecondfamily,theVanPelsaweeklater.Forthenexttwoyears,eightpeoplewereconfinedtojustsixsmallroomsandcouldnevergooutside.Therewasrarelyenoughtoeat,andthefamilieslivedinastateofpoverty.Throughouthertimeinhiding,Annecontinuedtowriteherdiary.Shedescribetheday-to-dayactivityintheannexebutshealsowroteaboutherdreamsandaspirations.Itwasveryhardforhertoplanforafuture;sheandtheothersknewwhatwashappeningtotheJewswhohadbeencaught."OurmanyJewishfriendsandacquaintancesarebeingtakenawayindroves.TheGestapoistreatingthemveryroughlyandtransportingthemincattlecarstoWesterbork,thebigcampinDrenthetowhichthey'resendingalltheJews...Ifit'sthatbadinHolland,whatmustitbelikeinthosefarawayanduncivilizedplaceswheretheGermansaresendingthem?Weassumethatmostofthemarebeingmurdered.TheEnglishradiosaysthey’rebeinggassed."—October9,1942Despitebeinganordinaryteenagerinmanyways,curious,self-criticalandmoody,Annewasalsoanhonestwriterofconsiderabletalentwhofoughtfortherighttoliveandthisiswhatgivesthediarysuchpower:"It'sawonderIhaven'tabandonedallofmyideals,theyseemsoabsurdandimpractical.Yet,IclingtothembecauseIstillbelieveinspiteofeverythingthatpeoplearetrulygoodatheart...Imustholdtomyideals.PerhapsthedaywillcomewhenIwillbeabletorealizethem.It'sutterlyimpossibleformetobuildmylifeonafoundationofchaos,sufferinganddeath.Iseetheworldbeingslowlyturnedintoawilderness,Iheartheapproachingthunderthat,oneday,willdestroyustoo,Ifeelthesufferingofmillions.Andyet,whenIlookupatthesky,Isomehowfeelthateverythingwillchangeforthebetter,thatthiscrueltytooshallend,thatpeaceandtranquilitywillreturnoncemore...Imustupholdmyideals,forperhapsthetimewillcomewhenIshallbeabletocarrythemout."—July15,1944Writingthesewords,Annewasnotdisplayingsimplechildishoptimism.Itwasmoreadeclarationofherprinciplesandoftherighttohumandignity.Thevoicethatcomesacrossisofasolitaryyounggirlwritingforherself,yetatthesametimeitisthecryofallthoseinnocentvictimsofevilwhosefatewastosufferintheSecondWorldWar.ThatiswhyAnneFrank'sdiaryhasachievedfameasthevoiceoftheHolocaustinwhichsixmillionJewsweremurdered:Shespeaksforallofhumanity.InAugust1944,thehidingplacewasstormed,andNaziofficersarrestedeveryone.Theyweretakentoatransitcampandforcedtodohardlabor.FromtheretheyweretakenbytraintoaconcentrationcampatAuschwitz.Amonthlater,AnneandMargotweremovedtoBergen-BelsencampinGermany.TheybothdiedoftyphusandstarvationinMarch1945.AnneFrankwas15,hersisterwas19.Outoftheeightpeopleinhiding,OttoFrankwastheonlysurvivor,andwhenhefoundhisdaughter'sdiaryafterthewar,hearrangedforitspublicationinrecognitionofhercourage.WhenAnnewroteinherdiary"Ihopethatyouwillbeagreatsupportandcomforttome",shecouldn'thaveknownthatherwritingwouldalsobeasupportandcomforttothewholeworldafterherdeath.安妮·弗蘭克日記的故事“1944年6月13日。又一個(gè)生日過去了，我現(xiàn)在15歲了。我收到了不少禮物：一本藝術(shù)史、一套內(nèi)衣、兩根腰帶、一幅手帕、兩罐酸奶、一罐果醬和兩小塊蜂蜜餅干……彼得和我在藏身所里待了兩年了一我們經(jīng)常談?wù)搶?、過去和現(xiàn)在，可是……我想念外面真實(shí)的世界，而且我知道它存在。”安妮·弗蘭克在她現(xiàn)已出名的日記中寫下了這些話，當(dāng)時(shí)她和她的家人躲在“秘室”里，那是她父親在荷蘭阿姆斯特丹的辦公室后面的幾間屋子。弗蘭克一家實(shí)際上是難民，是從德國移民到荷蘭的猶太人，定居在阿姆斯特丹以逃避納粹的迫害，但是在1940年5月，當(dāng)?shù)聡婈?duì)入侵并占領(lǐng)了荷蘭之后，對(duì)荷蘭猶太人的迫害也很快就開始了。像所有的猶太人一樣，安妮和姐姐瑪戈被禁止上學(xué)、騎自行車、甚至坐汽車。德軍只允許他們進(jìn)有些店鋪，任何時(shí)候都要在衣服上帶著一顆黃星以表示他們是猶太人。大衛(wèi)之星，一種重要的宗教象征，被納粹變成了一種恥辱的標(biāo)志。到1941年，納粹開始大量逮捕猶太人，把他們送往勞改集中營，勞改集中營很快就變成了死亡集中營。安妮的父親奧托·弗蘭克決定把家人和生意伙伴的家人藏起來。1942年，7月6日，就在安妮開始寫日記數(shù)周后，弗蘭克一家躲了起來，一周后，范·佩爾一家人也加入進(jìn)來。在其后的兩年里，八個(gè)人就關(guān)在六個(gè)小房間里，絕不能外出。兩家人生活在貧困狀態(tài)之中，連足夠的食物都沒有。在躲藏的日子里，安妮一直堅(jiān)持寫日記。她逐日敘述“秘室”里的日常活動(dòng)，也記述自己的夢(mèng)想和憧憬。她很難設(shè)想未來；她和別的人都清楚，猶太人被捉住會(huì)有什么下場。“我們的許多猶太人朋友和熟人都被成群地帶走了。蓋世太保對(duì)他們非常粗暴，用運(yùn)牲口的拖車把他們運(yùn)送到德倫特最大的集中營威斯特伯克，他們把所有猶太人都遣送到那里?！绻f在荷蘭都這么槽，那么在德國人送他們?nèi)サ哪切┻b遠(yuǎn)的蠻荒之地又會(huì)是什么樣呢？我們猜想他們中的大多數(shù)正在