2023版高三英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)第1部分基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)解讀Unit4Cyberspace教師用書北師大版必修2

Unit4Cyberspace(對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生用書第26頁)[單詞拼寫應(yīng)用]Ⅰ.考綱單詞——會(huì)拼寫、要識(shí)記1．likelyadj.有可能的adv. 可能2．focusvi.集中注意3．a(chǎn)ffectvt.影響4．offern．&vt.提供，提議；優(yōu)惠5．packvt.收拾(行李)，打包6．fancyvt.(非正式)想要做；夢(mèng)想7．rejectvt.拒絕，不接受8．view/sceneryn. 景色，風(fēng)景9．a(chǎn)verageadj.平均的n. 平均數(shù)10．concept n. 概念11．skip vt.跳過12．gallery n. 畫廊13．a(chǎn)rtificial adj.人造的14．climate n. 氣候15．rapidly adv. 快，迅速地16．growth n. 增長(zhǎng)；生長(zhǎng)17．chaos n. 混亂，無秩序18．crash vt.(汽車、飛機(jī)等)撞毀；墜毀19．nuclear adj.原子能的20．network n. 網(wǎng)絡(luò)21．project n. 課題；方案；工程22．destination n. 目的地23．flesh n. 肉，肉體24．historical adj.歷史的，有關(guān)歷史的25．central adj.中央的，中心的26．harbour n. 海港Ⅱ.派生單詞——能區(qū)分1．realityn. 真實(shí)，現(xiàn)實(shí)→realizevt.實(shí)現(xiàn)；意識(shí)2．crimen. 犯罪；罪行→criminaln. 罪犯3．terrorn. 恐怖→terrifyvt.使恐怖；使驚嚇→terroristn. 恐怖分子→terrorismn. 恐怖主義4．a(chǎn)ttackn．&vt.攻擊，進(jìn)攻→attackern. 攻擊者5．optimismn. 樂觀；樂觀主義→optimisticadj.樂觀的6．harmvt.&n. 傷害，損害→harmfuladj.有傷害的→harmlessadj. 無害的7．obviousadj.明顯的，顯而易見的→obviouslyadv. 明顯地8．sciencen. 科學(xué)→scientificadj.科學(xué)的→scientistn. 科學(xué)家9．suggestvt.建議，提議→suggestionn. 建議，提議10．a(chǎn)rrangevt.安排→arrangementn. 安排11．tourn. 旅游，旅行→tourismn. 觀光，游覽→touristn. 旅行者，觀光者12．guiden. 指南；導(dǎo)游，向?qū)t.指導(dǎo)，引路→guidancen. 指導(dǎo)；引導(dǎo)；領(lǐng)導(dǎo)13．settlevi.定居→settlementn. (新)定居地14．regularadj.定期的；規(guī)那么的→regularlyadv. 定期地；規(guī)那么地15．a(chǎn)ttractvt.吸引→attractiveadj.吸引人的，有魅力的→attractionn. 吸引力；具有吸引力的事物或人Ⅲ.語境應(yīng)用(用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)1．Onesolutionisobviously(obvious)toimportforeignworkersviaimmigration.(2023·江蘇高考)2．PaulandIdidn'tseeeachotherallthatregularly(regular)，butsharingthatbroughtustogether.(2023·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)3．Thisattractive(attract)tourtakesyoutosomeofSanFrancisco'smostcheerfulholidayscenes.(2023·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)4．I'dliketothinkaboutyoursuggestion(suggest)beforeIgiveadefinitereply.5．Thedestruction(destroy)oftheenvironmentisoneofthemostseriouschallengesweface.6．Theyprovideanenvironmentwhereyoucanpracticeundertheguidance(guide)ofsomeonewho'sgoodatthelanguage.7．Thechiefengineertogetherwithhiscolleagueshasbeenlookingfornewscientific(science)methodsoffarmingsincefiveyearsago.8．Robberyisacriminalact，sonoonewantstocommitthecrime．(crime)9．Theharmfulmaterialsbecameharmlesstotheenvironmentafterbeingconducted(處理)．(harm)10．JamielookedonJohnashisonlyrealfriend，butinrealityJohnoftenspokeillofhim.(real)[拓展聯(lián)想]“可怕的〞高頻形容詞①terrifying ②frightening③alarming ④awful⑤fearful ⑥horrible⑦terrible ⑧scary“建議，勸說〞單詞小結(jié)①advise ②recommend③suggest ④persuade[短語多維應(yīng)用]Ⅰ.短語回憶——會(huì)默寫1．makeup編造；構(gòu)成2．cometrue 實(shí)現(xiàn)3．findout 發(fā)現(xiàn)；弄明白4．hangon (用語)別掛斷；別放棄5．getintouch 取得聯(lián)系6．beupto 做，從事于；取決于7．intheflesh 本人親身8．a(chǎn)swellas 也，又9．beknownas 被認(rèn)為是10．takeaction 采取行動(dòng)11．what'smore 而且12．takeover 接收，接管13．consistof 由……組成14．cutoff 切掉，切斷15．haveproblemswith 在……方面有困難Ⅱ.語境應(yīng)用(用上述短語的適當(dāng)形式填空)1．Itishightimewetookactiontopreventtheriverfrombeingpolluted.2．Hisappearanceinthefleshendedtherumourabouthisdeath.3．Tryyourbest，andIthinkyouridealwillcometruesomeday.4．—WhoshouldIinvitetomybirthday?—Itisuptoyou，dear.5．Nowhangonaminute—Ican'treallybelievewhatyoujustsaid.6．I'mtryingtogetintouchwithTom，butIfailed.Doyouknowhistelephonenumber?7．Thispopulationshiftisbringingproblemsaswellasbenefitstothepeoplewholiveinthisarea.8．GuoJingjingisknownasagreatChinesedivingathlete，whonowhasababy.9．Thinktwicebeforeeatingspicyfoods；youmayhaveproblemswithyourstomach.10．Thearmyisthreateningtotakeoverifcivilunrestcontinues.11．Hehadhisfingercutoffinanaccidentatwork.[拓展聯(lián)想]make短語集匯①makeup 構(gòu)成；編造②makeout 理解；識(shí)別出③makefor 走向；促成④makeupfor 彌補(bǔ)；補(bǔ)償⑤makeupone'smindtodo下定決心做[句式結(jié)構(gòu)仿寫]教材原句——會(huì)背誦句式仿寫——能應(yīng)用1.Itis＋adj.＋that...句型，其中it作形式主語...“itisclearthatwearegoingtoseeahugegrowthinshoppingontheInternet.〞1.很明顯，?爸爸去哪兒?很受年輕人的喜愛。ItisobviousthatDad，WhereAreWeGoing？ispopularwiththeyoungpeople.2.havesth.done“讓某物遭受〞，過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)DoyouhaveanythingplannedforSaturdayandSunday？2.到了我們?cè)摳戮W(wǎng)頁的時(shí)候了。It'stimeforustohaveourwebsitepageupdated.3.asif引導(dǎo)表語從句...theuseofcomputerswithsoundsandpicturesthatmakeyoufeelasifyouareinarealsituation.3.這肉嘗起來似乎已經(jīng)壞了。Thismeattastesasifithasalreadygonebad.4.動(dòng)詞＋it＋形容詞＋todosth.ButIstillfindithardtoimagine.4.許多專家認(rèn)為讓學(xué)生有足夠的睡眠很重要。Manyexpertsthinkitimportanttoletstudentshaveenoughsleep.(對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生用書第28頁)精講8個(gè)考綱單詞likelyadj.有可能的adv.(與most，very連用)可能[高考佳句]AgreatdeclineinyoungworkforceislikelytooccurinChina,forinstance.(2023·江蘇高考)例如，年輕勞動(dòng)力的急劇下降有可能發(fā)生在中國(guó)。belikelytodosth.很可能做某事Itislikelythat... 很可能……Notlikely. 絕不可能。(表示強(qiáng)烈反對(duì))①It'smorethanlikelythatthethievesdon'tknowhowmuchitisworth.盜賊很可能不知道此物的價(jià)值。②Thebosssaidwewerelikelytoworkovertimetoday.老板說今天我們很可能要加班。鏈接寫作【導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)：33220013】(普通表達(dá))Theyarelikelytobefiredbythecompanybecauseoftheirfault.(高級(jí)表達(dá))Itislikelythattheywillbefiredbythecompanybecauseoftheirfault.(用it作形式主語)focusvi.集中注意；(使)聚集n.焦點(diǎn)，焦距，聚焦；(活動(dòng)、興趣等的)中心，集中點(diǎn)[教材原句]Inabookwithlotsofpicturesandcharts，Iamlikelytofocusmainlyonthewrittentext.在一本有很多圖畫和圖表的書里，我很可能主要注意書面文字。(1)focuson/uponsth./sb.集中注意力于某物/某人focusone'sattention/eyeson 注意力集中于(2)infocus 焦距對(duì)準(zhǔn)；清晰outoffocus 焦距沒對(duì)準(zhǔn)；模糊①M(fèi)ostofusaremorefocusedonourtasksinthemorningthanwearelaterintheday.(2023·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ·語法填空)我們大多數(shù)人在上午比在一天的晚些時(shí)候要能集中精力工作。②Thechildren'sfaceswerebadlyoutoffocusinthephotograph.照片上孩子們的面部非常模糊。[聯(lián)想發(fā)散]表示“集中(注意力、精力等)于……〞的短語還有：①payattentionto②putone'sheartinto③fixone'sattentionon④concentrateon鏈接寫作【導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)：33220014】他集中精力學(xué)習(xí)。①Hefocusedhisattentiononhisstudy.(focus)②Hefixedhisattentiononhisstudy.(fix)③Hewasabsorbedinhisstudy.(absorb)④Heappliedhimselftohisstudy.(apply)⑤Heconcentratedhisattentiononhisstudy.(concentrate)offern．&vt.提供，提議；出價(jià)；優(yōu)惠[教材原句]Already，userscanbuybooks，findoutaboutholidayoffers，booktickets，andgetallsortsofinformationfromtheInternet.用戶已經(jīng)可以從因特網(wǎng)上買書，找到有關(guān)假期安排、票務(wù)預(yù)訂以及各種各樣的信息。(1)offersb.sth.＝offersth.tosb.主動(dòng)把某物給某人offertodosth.主動(dòng)提出做某事(2)makeanoffertodosth.想要做某事makeanofferofhelp/food 主動(dòng)提供幫助/食物①Thecoupleofferedus120，000yuanforthehouse，whichweboughtfiveyearsago.這對(duì)夫婦出價(jià)12萬來買我們五年前買的房子。②KnowingthatTomwasintrouble，Mikeofferedtohelp(help)him.得知湯姆陷入了困境，邁克主動(dòng)來幫助他。[聯(lián)想發(fā)散]表示“提供應(yīng)某人某物〞的常見短語還有：①supplysb.withsth.＝supplysth.tosb.②providesb.withsth.＝providesth.forsb.鏈接寫作【導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)：33220015】如果你主動(dòng)幫助別人，你最終會(huì)得到回報(bào)。①Ifyouoffertohelppeopleyou'lleventuallyberewarded.(offerv．)②Ifyoumakeanoffertohelppeopleyou'lleventuallyberewarded.(offern．)harmvt.&n.傷害，損害[高考佳句]Foranother，drinkingtoocoldortoohotwaterdoesnothingbutharmtoourhealth.(湖南高考·書面表達(dá))其次，飲用太冷或太熱的水只會(huì)對(duì)健康造成傷害。(1)do/causeharmto對(duì)……造成傷害dosb.harm＝doharmtosb.傷害某人；對(duì)某人有害meannoharm 無惡意Thereisnoharmindoingsth.做某事無害處。(2)harmfuladj.有害的beharmfultosth. 對(duì)事物有害①Thesedays，breakingtrafficrulesandlitteringarenotuncommon，causingseriousharmtolifeandtheenvironment.近來，違反交通規(guī)那么和亂扔垃圾的現(xiàn)象很常見，對(duì)生活和環(huán)境都造成了極大的危害。②Ifyouwanttosolvetheprobleminthisway，thereisnoharmincalling(call)him.如果你想以這種方式來處理問題，你不妨給他打個(gè)。鏈接寫作【導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)：33220016】如果使用不當(dāng)，這種藥物會(huì)對(duì)你造成傷害。①Ifusedimproperly，themedicinewilldo/causeharmtoyou/willdoyouharm．(harmn．)②Ifusedimproperly，themedicinewillbeharmfultoyou．(harmfuladj.)suggestvt.建議，提議；推薦；說明，暗示[教材原句]Tom，canyousuggestanygoodbooksformyproject？湯姆，你能提供一些和我做的工程有關(guān)的好參考書嗎？(1)suggest(sb.'s)doingsth.建議(某人)做某事suggest(that)...(should)do 建議……(從句用虛擬語氣)(2)suggestionn. 提議，建議；意見；暗示make/offer/giveasuggestion 建議，提議askforasuggestion 征求建議①SomeonesuggestedsendinghisbrothertotheUSfortreatment.有人建議送他弟弟去美國(guó)治療。②Myfathersuggestedwe(should)climb(climb)thehillandhaveamatch.我的父親建議我們進(jìn)行一次爬山比賽。[名師點(diǎn)津]suggest表示“暗示，說明〞時(shí)，其主語往往是事物，而不是人。這時(shí)suggest后的賓語從句不用虛擬語氣。鏈接寫作【導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)：33220017】在昨天的會(huì)議上我建議他放棄那個(gè)方案。①Isuggestedhisgivingtheplanupatthemeetingyesterday.(suggestdoing...)②Isuggestedthathe(should)givetheplanupatthemeetingyesterday.(suggestthat...)③Imadeasuggestionthathe(should)giveuptheplanatthemeetingyesterday.(同位語從句)settlevi.定居，安家；停留vt.安排，處理；決定；安放；使定居[教材原句]Thehistoryofthecitygoesback650yearswhentheMaorissettledinthearea.這座城市的歷史追溯到650年前，當(dāng)時(shí)毛利人在這一地區(qū)定居下來了。(1)settledown/getsettled定居；穩(wěn)定；平靜下來settle(down)tosth. 開始專心于某事，著手認(rèn)真做某事settlein/into 定居；遷入(新居)；適應(yīng)(新工作)settleon 決定，選定；停留，降落(2)settlern. 移居者settlementn. 解決；住宅區(qū)①Backfromabroad，thecoupledecidedtosettledowninNanning.從國(guó)外回來后，夫婦倆決定在南寧定居。②Theysettleddowntoaseriousdiscussionovercoffee.他們喝著咖啡，開始認(rèn)真討論問題。③Buthefinallysettledonliterature，particularlydramaandpoetry.但是，他最終決定(選擇)文學(xué)，尤其是戲劇和詩歌。viewn．景色，風(fēng)景；視野；觀點(diǎn)；意見vt.眺望；觀察；觀看；看作；考慮[教材原句]Inthecity，youcanenjoyanamazingviewfromtheSkyTower，whichisthecity'stallestTower.在這座城市里，你可以享受從天空塔上看到的迷人風(fēng)景，它是這座城市最高的塔。(1)comeintoview看得見，進(jìn)入視野 inview 在視野范圍內(nèi) haveagoodviewof 清楚地看到；飽覽(2)inviewof 鑒于；考慮到 inone'sview 在某人看來(3)view...as 把……看作①Whenthecargoesaroundthecorner，ourhousewillcomeintoview.當(dāng)車?yán)@過拐角時(shí)，我們的房子就在眼前了。②Whenthecarwasfirstmade，thedesignwasviewedashighlyoriginal.當(dāng)這輛車剛造好時(shí)，其設(shè)計(jì)被認(rèn)為是獨(dú)具匠心。averageadj.平均的；普通的；正常的；平常的n．平均數(shù)；平均水平；一般水準(zhǔn)v．平均為；計(jì)算出……的平均數(shù)[經(jīng)典例句]Eachpersonraisedanaverageof￡60toplantanacreoftrees.(朗文辭典)平均每人籌集60英鎊來種一英畝的樹。(1)anaverageof平均有(后跟數(shù)詞)(2)on(the)average 平均起來above/below(the)average 在平均水平以上/以下(3)averageout 算出平均數(shù)①M(fèi)enloseanaverageof3—4cminheightastheyage，whilewomenmaylose5cmormore.隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，男士的身高平均減少3－4公分，而女士可能減少5公分或更多一些。②Onaverage，apowerfulearthquakeoccurslessthanonceeverytwoyears.通常，強(qiáng)烈的地震每?jī)赡臧l(fā)生不到一次。③Theyaveragedoutthenumbersandgottheresult7.他們算出這幾個(gè)數(shù)的平均數(shù)是7。詮釋3個(gè)核心短語hangon(＝holdon)(用語)別掛斷；堅(jiān)持下去，抓住不放[經(jīng)典例句]Thelineisbusy，wouldyouliketohangon？線路忙，請(qǐng)別掛斷好嗎？(1)hangup掛斷hangout/about/around 閑逛hangtogether 團(tuán)結(jié)，同心協(xié)力hangonto 抓緊不放；繼續(xù)保存(2)get/havethehangofsth. 學(xué)會(huì)做某事的技巧①Iwashangingoutwithfriendsat3p．m.thisSunday.這個(gè)星期天下午3點(diǎn)鐘，我正和朋友們一起閑逛。②Havingstruggledforseveralweeks，Lucyfinallygotthehangoflearningphysics.努力拼搏了幾周后，露西最終掌握了學(xué)習(xí)物理的竅門。getintouch取得聯(lián)系[經(jīng)典例句]We'llgetintouchassoonasweknowtheresultsofthetest.(朗文辭典)我們一得知測(cè)試結(jié)果就和你聯(lián)系。beintouchwith 和……有聯(lián)系losetouchwith 和……失去聯(lián)系beoutoftouchwith 和……失去聯(lián)系keepintouchwith 和……保持聯(lián)系①We'reoutoftouchwithourofficeinSpain.我們和在西班牙的辦事處失去了聯(lián)系。②Wenowkeepintouchwithhimbywritingletters.我們現(xiàn)在靠寫信與他保持聯(lián)系。[名師點(diǎn)津]getintouch與losetouch表示短暫動(dòng)作，不與一段時(shí)間連用；beintouch與beoutoftouch表示狀態(tài)，可以與一段時(shí)間連用。(be)upto忙于，從事于；到達(dá)(數(shù)量/規(guī)格)；勝任；直到……為止；取決于；是……的責(zé)任[一詞多義]寫出以下句中upto的含義①Uptoacertainpoint，themorestressyouareunder，thebetteryourperformancewillbe.(2023·上海高考·語法填空)到達(dá)②Johnwasfiredbecausehewasn'tuptohiswork.勝任③It'suptoyouwhetherweacceptthepresentornot.取決于④Shewashereuptoafewminutesago.直到……為止uptonow 直到現(xiàn)在Itisuptoyou. 隨你的便/由你來決定。Itisuptosb.todosth. 該由某人做某事。⑤It'suptohertodecide(decide)whetherornottogoonwiththecourse.是否繼續(xù)上這門課程由她決定。突破2個(gè)高考句型(教材P8)...，“itisclearthatwearegoingtoseeahugegrowthinshoppingontheInternet.〞……“很顯然，我們將會(huì)看到網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物的巨大增長(zhǎng)。〞本句句型為：Itisclearthat...句型。在這一句型中，it為形式主語，that從句為真正的主語。(1)常用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的形容詞有：clear，obvious，certain，important，possible，natural，interesting，likely，unusual等。(2)在Itisnecessary/important/strange/surprising/unthinkable/unbelievable/incredible＋that...中，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞常用“should＋動(dòng)詞原形〞，should可省略。①Itisobviousthatsheispopularwithstudents.很明顯，她很受學(xué)生們的歡送。②Itisimportantthatwe(should)discuss(discuss)theplan.重要的是我們?cè)撚懻撨@個(gè)方案。[名師點(diǎn)津]在以上句型中，如果從句內(nèi)容只是簡(jiǎn)單地陳述事實(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用陳述語氣；如果從句內(nèi)容并不是陳述事實(shí)，而是表達(dá)某種強(qiáng)烈的情感(要求、建議、命令、責(zé)備、惋惜、吃驚等)，謂語動(dòng)詞用虛擬語氣，即“(should＋)do〞形式(教材P8)Someexpertsseeourfutureinvirtualreality—theuseofcomputerswithsoundsandpicturesthatmakeyoufeelasifyouareinarealsituation.有些專家看到虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)的未來——(虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí))是計(jì)算機(jī)通過聲音和圖像模擬現(xiàn)實(shí)，以使人感到仿佛置身于一個(gè)真實(shí)的空間。asif(＝asthough)意為“仿佛；好似；似乎〞，常用在be，look，seem，sound，smell，feel等系動(dòng)詞的后面引導(dǎo)表語從句。(1)省略：如果asif/though引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句為主系表結(jié)構(gòu)且其主語與主句主語一致，那么可省略其中的主語和系動(dòng)詞。(2)語氣：如果asif/though引導(dǎo)的從句表示實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性很小或與事實(shí)相反，那么用虛擬語氣；如果實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性較大，那么用陳述語氣。①Itlooksasifit'sgoingtorain.天看起來要下雨了。②Thefootballplayerisrollingonthegroundasifhurtbadlyintheleg.這個(gè)足球運(yùn)發(fā)動(dòng)在球場(chǎng)上打滾，他的腿似乎傷得很嚴(yán)重。③Afterward，sheinvitedmetotheone-and-onlysteakhouseintheareatocelebratehervictory，asifshehadreceived(receive)herPhDdegree.過后，她邀請(qǐng)我到本地唯一一家牛排館來慶祝她的勝利，就好似她已經(jīng)獲得了博士學(xué)位似的。[多角快練]——練單詞練短語練句型————————————————(對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生用書第31頁)Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Thechallengewashuge，andmanypeoplethoughtyouwerenotuptoit.2．Shealsowantedtomakesureshedidn'tlosetouchwithherfriendsinTaiwan.3．ItisreportedinthenewspaperthatseveralnewsubwaylinesarebeingbuiltinWuhan.4.Seeingthesuperstarappearintheflesh,thecrowdburstintocheers.5．Theysettleddowntotestpaperswhentheycametotheroom.6.Theoldmanwasdeepinthought,hiseyesfocused(focus)onthepainting.7．Onaverage,afamilywilluse5kgofwoodperdaytocookonasimplewoodstove.8．Itissuggestedthathe(should)solve(solve)theprobleminanotherway.9．Idon'tfancygoing(go)outsofarinsuchbadweather.10．ItisreportedthatZhouQiislikelytobechosen(choose)byoneteamofNBAinthisSeptember.Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1．MaryaswellasIhavebeentotheGreatWall.have→has2．WhatwasobviousthatthemanagerofthecoffeeshopwaswaitingforLiFangtoleave.What→It3.Hisdreamthathewantstobeateacherhasnowrealized.now后加been4．Offeringanimportantroleinanewmovie,Andyhasgotachancetobecomefamous.Offering→Offered5．Ifshereturnedanhourearlier,shewouldn'thavebeencaughtintherain.第一個(gè)she后加had(對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生用書第32頁)Ⅰ.課文語法填空請(qǐng)根據(jù)Lesson1的課文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。ThelastthreedecadeshaveseenthattheInternetisgrowing1.rapidly(rapid).Nowadays,thenumberofthecomputers2.whichareconnectedtotheInternet3.is(be)around50million.Someexperts，worryingaboutthecrimeincyberspace,arenotoptimistic4.aboutthefuture.Forexample,