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[職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)]知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解大全[職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)]知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解大全Time\@"yyyy年M月d日"2023年12月23日目錄TOC\o"1-3"\h\z\u一、職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)報(bào)考指南 PAGEREF_Toc\h1二、職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)考試技巧 PAGEREF_Toc\h5三、閱讀練習(xí) PAGEREF_Toc\h68一、職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)報(bào)考指南·報(bào)名時(shí)間每年11月中下旬(雙休日除外),逾期不再補(bǔ)報(bào)。·考試時(shí)間全國(guó)專(zhuān)業(yè)技術(shù)人員職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試一般為每年4月的第二個(gè)星期日舉行·考試級(jí)別/合用范圍以下是全國(guó)職稱(chēng)外語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試級(jí)別劃分及合用范圍,請(qǐng)大家根據(jù)自己的職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)規(guī)定選擇報(bào)考??荚嚨燃?jí)申報(bào)職稱(chēng)職稱(chēng)系列A級(jí)B級(jí)C級(jí)高校教師專(zhuān)家、副專(zhuān)家講師自然科學(xué)研究與社會(huì)科學(xué)研究研究員、副研究員助理研究員社會(huì)科學(xué)研究(研究員、副研究員第二外語(yǔ))衛(wèi)生技術(shù)(醫(yī)、藥、護(hù)、技)主任醫(yī)(藥、護(hù)、技)師副主任醫(yī)(藥、護(hù)、技)師⑴主治(管)醫(yī)(藥、護(hù)、技)師⑵在縣及縣以下所屬單位工作的人員申報(bào)正、副主任醫(yī)(藥、護(hù)、技)師,在縣及縣以下所屬單位工作的人員申報(bào)主治(管)醫(yī)(藥、護(hù)、技)師。工程技術(shù)高級(jí)工程師(含專(zhuān)家級(jí)高級(jí)工程師)⑴工程師⑵在縣及縣以下所屬單位工作的人員申報(bào)高級(jí)工程師(含專(zhuān)家級(jí)高級(jí)工程師)⑵在縣及縣以下所屬單位工作的人員申報(bào)工程師。農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣研究員高級(jí)農(nóng)藝師農(nóng)藝師實(shí)驗(yàn)技術(shù)高級(jí)實(shí)驗(yàn)師實(shí)驗(yàn)師中學(xué)教師中學(xué)高級(jí)教師中檔專(zhuān)業(yè)學(xué)校教師高級(jí)講師講師技工學(xué)校教師高級(jí)講師(高級(jí)實(shí)習(xí)指導(dǎo)教師)講師經(jīng)濟(jì)專(zhuān)業(yè)高級(jí)國(guó)際商務(wù)師高級(jí)經(jīng)濟(jì)師國(guó)際商務(wù)師經(jīng)濟(jì)師助理國(guó)際商務(wù)師會(huì)計(jì)專(zhuān)業(yè)高級(jí)會(huì)計(jì)師會(huì)計(jì)師記錄專(zhuān)業(yè)高級(jí)記錄師記錄師審計(jì)專(zhuān)業(yè)高級(jí)審計(jì)師審計(jì)師體育教練員國(guó)家級(jí)教練高級(jí)教練一級(jí)教練工藝美術(shù)專(zhuān)業(yè)高級(jí)工藝美術(shù)師工藝美術(shù)師翻譯專(zhuān)業(yè)譯審、副譯審(第二外語(yǔ))翻譯(第二外語(yǔ))播音專(zhuān)業(yè)播音指導(dǎo)主任播音員一級(jí)播音員新聞專(zhuān)業(yè)高級(jí)記者(高級(jí)編輯)主任記者(主任編輯)記者(編輯)藝術(shù)(廣播電視藝術(shù))藝術(shù)一級(jí)藝術(shù)二級(jí)、主任舞臺(tái)技師藝術(shù)三級(jí)、舞臺(tái)技師出版專(zhuān)業(yè)編審副編審編輯(一級(jí)校對(duì))文博專(zhuān)業(yè)、圖書(shū)資料專(zhuān)業(yè)、檔案專(zhuān)業(yè)研究館員副研究館員館員公證員一級(jí)公證員二級(jí)公證員三級(jí)公證員律師一級(jí)律師二級(jí)律師三級(jí)律師·報(bào)考類(lèi)別的選擇綜合類(lèi),理工類(lèi),衛(wèi)生類(lèi)考試原則上沒(méi)有嚴(yán)格的界線(xiàn)。綜合類(lèi)文章可以考到理工類(lèi)去,理工類(lèi)可以考到衛(wèi)生類(lèi)和綜合類(lèi)。三類(lèi)考試之間沒(méi)有嚴(yán)格界線(xiàn)區(qū)分。國(guó)家在每位考生評(píng)估職稱(chēng)的時(shí)候,到底規(guī)定是理工類(lèi)成績(jī),衛(wèi)生類(lèi)成績(jī),基本上國(guó)家還沒(méi)有明確規(guī)定。假如你評(píng)估主任醫(yī)師,衛(wèi)生類(lèi)職稱(chēng),你可以考綜合類(lèi),也可以考衛(wèi)生類(lèi)。嚴(yán)格意義上沒(méi)有很?chē)?yán)格的規(guī)定。到底決定報(bào)綜合類(lèi),理工類(lèi),還是衛(wèi)生類(lèi),有兩個(gè)依據(jù)。一方面問(wèn)一下自己?jiǎn)挝坏娜?要評(píng)估職稱(chēng)要報(bào)什么類(lèi)比較合適。假如單位沒(méi)有明確規(guī)定和規(guī)定的話(huà),可以根據(jù)自己的現(xiàn)實(shí)情況選擇,假如工作中接觸的文章都是理工類(lèi)的文章,那就報(bào)理工類(lèi)。假如接觸的文章是社會(huì)類(lèi)文章,那就報(bào)綜合類(lèi)?!っ饪家?guī)定取得外語(yǔ)(從事翻譯工作人員及外語(yǔ)教師第二外語(yǔ))專(zhuān)業(yè)專(zhuān)科及以上學(xué)歷的人員申報(bào)中、高級(jí)職稱(chēng)評(píng)審;獲得博士學(xué)位申報(bào)高級(jí)(含正高級(jí))職稱(chēng)評(píng)審;獲得碩士學(xué)位申報(bào)中級(jí)職稱(chēng)評(píng)審;留學(xué)回國(guó)人員初次參與職稱(chēng)評(píng)審;申報(bào)副高級(jí)職稱(chēng)評(píng)審時(shí)已取得職稱(chēng)外語(yǔ)合格證書(shū)(含1977年終前參與工作人員外語(yǔ)成績(jī)達(dá)成45分)的人員申報(bào)正高級(jí)職稱(chēng)評(píng)審;參與《全國(guó)工商公司出國(guó)培訓(xùn)備選人員外語(yǔ)考試》,通過(guò)中(Ⅰ)級(jí)者申報(bào)中級(jí)職稱(chēng)評(píng)審,通過(guò)高(A)級(jí)者申報(bào)高級(jí)職稱(chēng)評(píng)審等五類(lèi)考生可免職稱(chēng)外語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試。凡參與國(guó)家人事部和北京市人事局組織的各類(lèi)專(zhuān)業(yè)技術(shù)資格考試和職(執(zhí))業(yè)資格考試取得資格證書(shū)的人員,聘用單位可根據(jù)崗位需要自主決定相應(yīng)聘人員的外語(yǔ)水平規(guī)定。凡實(shí)行考評(píng)結(jié)合的系列(專(zhuān)業(yè))及體育教練員、工藝美術(shù)、廣播電視藝術(shù)、技校高級(jí)實(shí)習(xí)指導(dǎo)教師系列(專(zhuān)業(yè)),外語(yǔ)考試成績(jī)可不作為申報(bào)條件,其合格成績(jī)或當(dāng)年考試成績(jī)作為職稱(chēng)評(píng)審的要素之一?!ぷ⒁馐马?xiàng)為了保證報(bào)考信息的準(zhǔn)確采集和解決,報(bào)考人員在報(bào)名和考試時(shí)要注意以下事項(xiàng):1、根據(jù)各省市人事廳(局)考試中心發(fā)布的報(bào)名程序和規(guī)定,到指定的報(bào)名點(diǎn)領(lǐng)取報(bào)名表。假如規(guī)定實(shí)行光電閱讀器--計(jì)算機(jī)自動(dòng)采集報(bào)名信息,還要領(lǐng)取報(bào)名信息卡和《報(bào)考手冊(cè)》。由單位集體組織報(bào)名的,應(yīng)按本人所在單位規(guī)定的具體程序報(bào)考。2、如實(shí)、準(zhǔn)確、工整地填寫(xiě)報(bào)名表中的各有關(guān)項(xiàng)目,并由所在單位加蓋公章。使用報(bào)名信息卡的,除按規(guī)定填寫(xiě)報(bào)名表外,還應(yīng)嚴(yán)格按照《報(bào)考手冊(cè)》中規(guī)定的填涂工具和填涂規(guī)定,認(rèn)真、準(zhǔn)確添涂好報(bào)名信息卡。報(bào)名表和報(bào)名信息卡填好后,應(yīng)認(rèn)真檢查,保證報(bào)名的填寫(xiě)和報(bào)名信息卡的填涂準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤。3、攜帶報(bào)名表、報(bào)名信息卡、照片、身份證和其它所需證件到報(bào)名點(diǎn)辦理報(bào)名手續(xù),報(bào)名點(diǎn)發(fā)給每一報(bào)考人員一個(gè)報(bào)名序號(hào),該報(bào)名序號(hào)應(yīng)保存好,以備后用。二、職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)考試技巧給大家說(shuō)說(shuō)關(guān)心的“字典”問(wèn)題:針對(duì)職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)考試中的第一部分詞匯題,我建議大家?guī)б槐就x詞詞典(雙解詞典),這類(lèi)詞典的特點(diǎn)是用幾個(gè)同義詞注解某一英文單詞,大家可以非常方便地在注解中找到答案。有了字典,又該如何查呢?我經(jīng)常聽(tīng)到有學(xué)員在答疑室中說(shuō):某某單詞在字典里查不到,其實(shí)不是字典里沒(méi)有,而是他們不會(huì)查,最常見(jiàn)到的情況有兩種:第一種:分不清單詞詞性;如:1.Beforeleavingthehouse,sheclosedthewindows.2.Sheisclosetosuccess.兩句話(huà)里都有close,但是詞性不同,第一句話(huà)里的是動(dòng)詞,由于有形式上的變化(-ed);而第二句話(huà)里的close跟在is的后面,并且形式上沒(méi)有變化,因此判斷為形容詞。當(dāng)尋找他們的同義詞時(shí),應(yīng)針對(duì)不同的詞性加以判斷。這一點(diǎn)對(duì)于大家來(lái)說(shuō)非常重要!第二中:分不清劃線(xiàn)單詞是原形,現(xiàn)在分詞或過(guò)去式:如:Hersisterurgedhertoapplyforthejob.(P602)advised? B.caused? C.forced? D.promised?假如去字典里查urged,當(dāng)然是查不到的。Ticketsarelimitedandwillbeallocatedtothosewhoapplyfirst.(P461)postedB.Sent C.handedD.Given接下來(lái),我們一起練幾題,大家可以八仙過(guò)海各顯神通,看誰(shuí)做得又快又好!1.Practicallyallanimalscommunicatethroughsounds.
A.Clearly??B.Almost C.Absolutely? D.Basically2.Thestorywasverytouching.
A.Inspiring B.Boring C.Moving??D.a(chǎn)bsorbingYoushouldhaveblendedthebutterwiththesugarthoroughly.?A.Spread???B.Mixed C.Beaten? D.covered4.Iwon’ttoleratethat(yī)kindofbehaviour.?A.bearB.acceptC.admitD.take5.Theindexisthegovernment’schiefgaugeoffutureeconomicactivity.?A.methodB.measureC.wayD.manner閱讀理解常用提問(wèn)方式1.有關(guān)主旨題的提問(wèn)方式:1)Themain(重要的)idea(思想,主意)ofthispassage(文章)is…2)Whichofthefollowing(下列的)statements(句子)bestexpresses(表達(dá))themainideaofthepassage?3)Thepassagemainlydiscusses(討論)…4)Thispassagemainlydealswith(涉及)…5)Theauthor’spurpose(意圖)inwritingthispassageis…6)Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?2.有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)題的提問(wèn)方式:1)Somepeopledosth.because________(dá)___(dá)_?2)Accordingtothepassage,wecanknowthat_____(dá)____(dá)__.3)What(yī)…?Which…?Who(Whom)…?When(Whattime)…4)Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueexcept...?
Whichofthefollowingstat(yī)ementsisnotmentioned?
Whichofthefollowingismentioned?WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?3.有關(guān)詞語(yǔ)釋義題的提問(wèn)方式:1)Theword“…”inline(行)…refersto(指)…2)Inparagraph4,“it”referto(means)………4.有關(guān)推理判斷題的提問(wèn)方式:1)Itcanbeinferred(推斷)fromthepassagethat….2)Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferred?3)Itcanbeconcluded(結(jié)論)fromthepassagethat….5.有關(guān)作者觀點(diǎn)意圖題的提問(wèn)方式:1)Theauthor’smain(重要的)purpose(目的)inthispassageis….2)Theauthor’spurposeofwritingthispassageis….3)Inthispassagetheauthor’sattitude(見(jiàn)解)couldbest..4)Theauthor’smainthought(思想)isthat…眾所周知,閱讀理解題的成敗關(guān)乎到考試能否及格,所以一定要掌握好的解題方法,在大家詞匯量都不是很多的情況下,方法就顯得極其重要!閱讀理解例題:例一:LightNight,DarkStars1.Thousandsofpeoplearoundtheglobestepoutsidetogazeattheirnightsky.Onaclearnight,withnoclouds,moonlight,orartificiallightstoblocktheview,peoplecansee(cuò)morethan14,000starsinthesky,saysDennisWard,anastronomerwiththeUniversityCorporationforAtmosphericResearch(UCAR)inBoulder,Colo.Butwhenpeoplearesurroundedbycitylights.hesays,they’reluckytosee150stars.2.Ifyou'veeverdriventowardabigcityat(yī)nightandsee(cuò)nitsglowfromagreatdistance,you’vewitnessedlightpollution.Itoccurswhenlightfromstreetlights,officebuildings,signs,andothersourcesstreamsintospaceandilluminatesthenightsky.ThishazeoflightmakesmanystarsinvisibletopeopleonEarth.Evenat(yī)night,bigcitieslikeNewYorkglowfromlightpollution,makingstargazingdifficult。3.Dustandparticlesofpollutionfromfactoriesandindustriesworsentheeffectsotlightpollution.“Ifonecityhasalotmorelightpollutionthananother,”Wardsays,“thatcitywillsuffertheeffectsoflightpollutiononamuchgreaterscale.”4.Hazyskiesalsomakeitfarmoredifficultforastronomerstodo.5.Citiesaregettinglarger.Suburbsaregrowinginoncedark,ruralareas.Lightfromallthisnewdevelopmentisincreasinglyobscuringtilefaintlightgivenoffbydistantstars.Andifscientistscan'tlocatetheseobjects,theycan’tlearnmoreaboutthem.6.Lightpollutiondoesn’tonlyaffectstarvisibility.Itcanharmwildlifetoo.It’sclearthatartificiallightcallattractanimals,makingthemgooffcourse”.There’sincreasingevidence.Forexample,thatmigratingbirdsusesunsetsandsunrisestohelpfindtheirway,saysSydneyGauthreausJr.,ascientistatClemsonUniversityinSouthCarolina.“Whenlightoccursatnight,”hesays,“ithasaverydisruptiveinfluence.”Sometimesbirdsflyintolightedtowers,highrises,andcablesfromradioandtelevisiolltowers.Expertsestimatethatmillionsofbirdsdiethiswayeveryyear.1.Whencanpeoplesee(cuò)14000stars?AWhentheyhaveafairlygoodtelescope.BWhentheyareinalargecity.CWhenthenightskyisclearofclouds,moonlightandartificiallights.DWhenthenightskyiswithouthazeandfog.2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTrelatedtolightpollution?AAhazeoflightformedfromartificiallightssuchasstree(cuò)tlightsandbuildinglights.BLightsfromdifferentsourcesinthecitystreamintospaceandilluminatethenightsky.CThenightskyisilluminatedbythelightsfrombigglowingcitiesinthenight.DStargazingbecomesdifficultbecausethereisalayerofhazeintheair.3.Doesthewriterthinkgrowingcitiesaffectastronomers’work?Whydoeshethinkso?AYes.Becausetheoncedarkruralareasarepollutedbylights.BNo.Becausetheycanstillseestarsinruralareas.C.Yes.Becauseruralareasarenotagoodplaceforastronomerstostudystars。D.No.Becausefaintlightgivenoffbystarscallstillbeseenonaclearnight4.Howdoeslightpollutiotlaffectwildlife?WhichofthefollowingisNOTcorrect?A.Animalsmaygooffcourseduetotheattractionofartificiallights.B.Animalsmightbeat(yī)tractedbyartificiallightstogointocities.C.Artificiallightsatnightmaymakemigratingbirdslosetheirway.DAttractedbyartificiallights,birdsflyintolightedbuildings.5.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtothetitle”LightNight,DarkStars”?A.Thenightskyislightcoloredandstarsareblack.B.Lightsappearatnightandstarsareseeninthedark.C.Citieslightsillunfinatethenightskyandmakestarsinvisible.DCitylightsatnightilluminat(yī)estarsinthesky.先理解標(biāo)題,推測(cè)文章內(nèi)容:LightNight,DarkStars。沒(méi)有生詞,明亮的夜晚,灰暗的星空。只是看題目,還不易推測(cè)出文章的重要內(nèi)容,因此,要快速瀏覽全文,看能否找到出現(xiàn)頻率較高的詞或短語(yǔ),它們有也許就是文章的核心!大家看到了我用黑線(xiàn)標(biāo)出了出現(xiàn)頻率最多的短語(yǔ):lightpollution.所以可以推測(cè)文章的內(nèi)容和光污染有關(guān)。接下來(lái)判斷所給5題的題型,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)1至4都是細(xì)節(jié)題,因此只需要找到關(guān)鍵詞逐個(gè)回答即可。而第5題是主旨題,并且是最后一題,所以要等文章讀完后最后做。1.Whencanpeoplesee14000stars?AWhentheyhaveafairlygoodtelescope當(dāng)他們有一個(gè)非常不錯(cuò)的望遠(yuǎn)鏡.BWhentheyareinalargecity當(dāng)他們?cè)诖蟪鞘袝r(shí).CWhenthenightskyisclearofclouds,moonlightandartificiallights當(dāng)夜空中沒(méi)有云、月光和人造燈光時(shí).DWhenthenightskyiswithouthazeandfog當(dāng)夜空沒(méi)有陰霾和大霧時(shí).分析:關(guān)鍵詞很容易找14000stars,在第一段出現(xiàn)了該詞:Thousandsofpeople(數(shù)以千計(jì)的人)aroundtheglobe(世界上)stepoutside(走出去)togazeat(凝視)theirnightsky.Onaclear(晴朗的)night,withnoclouds,moonlight,orartificial(人造的)lightstoblock(遮擋、擋住)theview,peoplecanseemorethan14,000starsinthesky(答案C),saysDennisWard,anastronomer(天文學(xué)家)withtheUniversityCorporationforAtmosphericResearch(UCAR)inBoulder,Colo.Butwhenpeoplearesurrounded(被。。。包圍)bycitylights.hesays,they’reluckytosee150stars.補(bǔ)充:請(qǐng)注意短語(yǔ):beclearofsth:無(wú)阻礙、障礙、危險(xiǎn)如:Waituntiltheroadisclearoftrafficbeforecrossing.(等到路上沒(méi)車(chē)時(shí)再過(guò)馬路。)2.Whichofthefollowingstatements(敘述)isNOTrelatedto(同。。。有關(guān))lightpollution?AAhazeoflightisformedfromartificiallightssuchasstreetlightsandbuildinglights(陰霾的光是由人造光而形成的,如路燈和建筑物的光).BLightsfromdifferentsourcesinthecitystreamintospaceandilluminatethenightsky來(lái)自于不同來(lái)源的光進(jìn)入太空并照亮了夜空.CThenightskyisilluminatedbythelightsfrombigglowingcitiesinthenight夜空由晚上大城市發(fā)出的光照亮.DStargazing(star+gazing觀望星星)becomesdifficultbecausethereisalayerofhazeintheair由于空氣中有一層霾,所以觀望星星變得困難.分析:本題的關(guān)鍵詞是lightpollution,并且按照題目的題號(hào)應(yīng)當(dāng)在文章的前面,所以從第二段找找看:Ifyou'veeverdriventowardabigcityatnightandseenitsglowfromagreatdistance(答案C),you’vewitnessed(見(jiàn)證、目睹)lightpollution.Itoccurswhenlightfromstreetlights,officebuildings,signs,andothersourcesstreamsintospaceandilluminat(yī)esthenightsky(答案A,B表述).ThishazeoflightmakesmanystarsinvisibletopeopleonEarth.Evenatnight,bigcitieslikeNewYorkglowfromlightpollution,makingstargazingdifficult(請(qǐng)注意這句話(huà)并不是答案D,他們不同,該句是說(shuō):甚至在晚上,許多像紐約這樣的大城市所產(chǎn)生的燈光使觀望星星變得困難。)所以,D的表述同光污染沒(méi)有關(guān)聯(lián)。3.Doesthewriterthinkgrowingcitiesaffectastronomers’work?Whydoeshethinkso?AYes.Becausetheoncedarkruralareasarepollutedbylights由于曾經(jīng)黑暗的鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)被光污染了.BNo.BecausetheyCallstillseestarsinruralareas.C.Yes.Becauseruralareasarenotagoodplaceforastronomerstostudystars由于鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)不是一個(gè)好的研究星星的地方。D.No.Becausefaintlightgivenoffbystarscallstillbeseenonaclearnight分析:題目是說(shuō):不斷擴(kuò)大的城市會(huì)影響天文學(xué)家的工作嗎?為什么他會(huì)這樣認(rèn)為?在A答案中我們可以看到線(xiàn)索詞:polluted和lights.所以,根據(jù)閱讀的規(guī)律,只要和線(xiàn)索詞有關(guān)的答案,多半就是最終答案。假如大家想檢查答案是否對(duì)的的話(huà),也可以帶著關(guān)鍵詞astronomers去找答案:Hazyskiesalsomakeitfarmoredifficultforastronomerstodotheirjobs.通過(guò)對(duì)句子的分析,排除答案B,D.留下A,C.在接下來(lái)的段落中可以對(duì)答案加以判斷:Citiesaregettinglarger.Suburbs(郊區(qū))aregrowinginoncedark,ruralareas.Lightfromallthisnewdevelopmentisincreasinglyobscuring(使。。。變得模糊)thefaint(薄弱的)lightgivenoffbydistantstars.Andifscientistscan'tlocate(擬定。。。的位置)theseobjects,theycan’tlearnmoreaboutthem.總結(jié):做閱讀理解時(shí)大家需要牢牢抓住文章的中心或核心詞,只要被選項(xiàng)中有核心內(nèi)容的出現(xiàn)就可以推測(cè)為對(duì)的答案!4.Howdoeslightpollutionaffectwildlife?WhichofthefollowingisNOTcorrect?A.Animalsmaygooffcourseduetotheattractionofartificiallights由于受到人造光的吸引,動(dòng)物們也許偏離航向.B.Animalsmightbeattractedbyartificiallightstogointocities.動(dòng)物們也許會(huì)受到人造光的吸引而進(jìn)入城市C.Artificiallightsatnightmaymakemigratingbirdslosetheirway.夜間的人造光也許會(huì)使遷徙的鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)們迷路DAttractedbyartificiallights,birdsflyintolightedbuildings.由于受到人造光的吸引,鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)飛進(jìn)有光的建筑物里。分析:題目是說(shuō):光污染是如何影響野生動(dòng)物?下列哪個(gè)說(shuō)法不對(duì)的?關(guān)鍵詞就是wildlife,在最后一段里,可以找到內(nèi)容:Lightpollutiondoesn’tonlyaffectstarvisibility.Itcanharmwildlifetoo.It’sclearthatartificiallightcallattractanimals,makingthemgooffcourse”(答案A).There’sincreasingevidence.Forexample,thatmigratingbirdsusesunsetsandsunrisestohelpfindtheirway,saysSydneyGauthreausJr.,ascientistatClemsonUniversityinSouthCarolina.“Whenlightoccursatnight,”hesays,“ithasaverydisruptive(破壞性的)influence(答案C).”Sometimesbirdsflyintolightedtowers(答案D),highrises,andcablesfromradioandtelevisiolltowers.Expertsestimatethat(yī)millionsofbirdsdiethiswayeveryyear.所以,答案B并未提到。5.Whichofthefollowingisclosest(最接近的)inmeaning(意思)tothetitle"LightNight,DarkStars"?A.Thenightskyislightcoloredandstarsareblack夜空是淺色的而星星是黑色的.B.Lightsappearatnightandstarsaresee(cuò)ninthedark光顯現(xiàn)在夜晚而在黑暗中人們看見(jiàn)星星.C.Citieslightsillunfinatethenightskyandmakestarsinvisible城市的燈光照亮了夜空而使得星星已經(jīng)無(wú)法看見(jiàn).DCitylightsatnightilluminatestarsinthesky.夜晚的城市的燈光照亮了天空中的星星。分析:本題是唯一的一道主旨題,所以需要縱觀全文。通過(guò)我們對(duì)前4題的解答,完全可以判斷出文章的主題就是說(shuō):由于不斷擴(kuò)大的城市,越來(lái)越多的城市燈光,已經(jīng)成為一種污染,使得天空中的星星黯然失色,所以答案就是C。例二:DecliningInterestinDevelopingForeignLanguageSkills1.Australia’sforeignlanguageskillsaredeclining,voiceofAmericahasreported.Newfiguresshowthatonly13percentofhighschoolgraduatescanspeakaforeignlanguage.Butfourdecadesago,40percenthadforeignlanguageskills.2.ProfessorEliseTipton,fromtheUniversityofSydney,saysincreasinglystudentsdonotfeeltheneedtolearnanotherlanguagetoboosttheircaree(cuò)r.Shebelievesthat3.AustraliadoesbusinessverysuccessfullyinEnglishwithmostofitstradingpartners.Butastheworld’seconomicpowershiftstoemergingregionssuchasAsia,itslanguagegapcouldsoonbeexposed.Accordingtothenewfigures,lessthan6.5percentofhighschoolgraduatesareproficientinanAsianlanguage.AcademicsworrythatthismeansAustraliawillincreasinglybeisolatedfromitseconomicallyimportantAsianneighbors.DilipDutta,fromtheeconomicsandbusinessfacultyatSydneyUniversity,sayslanguageskillscanenhancetradingopportunities.I4.ButstudentshavedifferentopinionsaboutAsianlanguagelearningPippaMcCowage,a22-year-oldAustralianstudent,saysmanyyoungAustralianshaveahalf-heartedapproachtoforeignlanguages,andthelanguagecurriculumisoftenweak.“Whilewe’ree(cuò)ncouragedinhighschooltolearnanotherlanguage,it’snotreallyapparenttomeasarealisticexpectationthatyouwillhavetospeakit,”saidMcCowage.“Forexample,IlearnedJapaneseinhighschool,whenIwentonanexchangeinYear10,IfoundthattheJapanesestudentsofmyagehadamuchgreaterproficiencyinEnglishthanIdidinJapanese.Sointhatsense,italmostdiscouragesyou.5.Atpresent,about70percentofAustralia’smajorexportsgotoAsiaandtheAustraliangovernmenthasbeenkeenondevelopingclosereconomicanddiplomatictieswithAsia.Academicssaythat,asAsiabecomesoneoftheworld’seconomicpowerhouses,Australianee(cuò)dstoimproveitslanguageskillsifitistotakefulladvantageofthebusinessopportunitiesonitsdoorstep.1.Howmuchpercentofhighschoolgraduateswereproficientinforeignlanguagesfortyyearsago?A.70.??B)13.??C)40. ??D)6.5.2.What(yī)canbeinferredfromparagraph2?A)Australiahasrichdepositsofminerals.B)Australiaisessentiallyaself-sufficientcountry.C)AustraliahasnointentiontotradewithAsiancountries.D)Australianstudentsarenotrequiredtolearnaforeignlanguage.3.WhatdoesDilipDuttathinklanguageskillscando?A.Improveyourrelationwithyourpartner.B.Helpsettleinternationalconflicts.C.Removebarriersinnegotiations.D.Increasetradingopportunities.4.WhyhastheAustraliaernmentbeenkee(cuò)nlyinterestedinstrengtheningtieswithAsia?A)BecauseAsiaiswhereAustraliaislocated.B)BecauseAsiaiswhereAustralia’smajorexportsgo.C)BecauseAsiaiswhereAustraliansgoandspendtheirholidays.C)BecauseAsiaiswhereAustraliacanplayabigroleiernationalaffairs.5.Theword"faculty"inparagraph3canbereplacedby____(dá)___(dá).A)college.B)institute.C)university.D)department.解題目:Declining衰退的Interest愛(ài)好inDeveloping發(fā)展、開(kāi)發(fā)ForeignLanguage外語(yǔ)Skills技能,所以串在一起可以將之理解成:逐漸喪失提高外語(yǔ)技能的愛(ài)好。通過(guò)理解題目,我們可以推測(cè)一下,在文章中foreignlanguages和declininginterest應(yīng)是核心詞。接下來(lái),來(lái)看5道題的題目,對(duì)出題方式加以判斷:1,3,4都是細(xì)節(jié)題,而2題是推斷題;5題是詞語(yǔ)釋義題。針對(duì)不同出題方式的題目要以不同的方法加以應(yīng)對(duì)。1.Howmuchpercent百分?jǐn)?shù)ofhighschoolgraduates(高中畢業(yè)生)wereproficient(精通的)inforeignlanguagesfortyyearsago(40年前)?A)70.??B)13.??C)40. ?D)6.5.分析:這是細(xì)節(jié)題,關(guān)鍵詞:highschoolgraduates,fortyyearsago。位于第一題的位置,所以答案應(yīng)當(dāng)來(lái)源于第一段:Australia’sforeignlanguageskillsaredeclining,VoiceofAmericahasreported.Newfigures(數(shù)字)showthatonly13percentofhighschoolgraduat(yī)escanspeakaforeignlanguage.Butfourdecades(一個(gè)decade是2023)ago(40年前),40percenthadforeignlanguageskills(答案的出處).2.Whatcanbeinferred(推測(cè)出)fromparagraph2?A)Australiahasrichdepositsofminerals.(澳大利亞有豐富的礦藏)B)Australiaisessentiallyaself-sufficientcountry.C)AustraliahasnointentiontotradewithAsiancountries.D)Australianstudentsarenotrequiredtolearnaforeignlanguage.分析:題目中有infer,所以該題是推斷題。因此,需要讀第二段,尋找核心內(nèi)容,重要是要找到關(guān)鍵句:ProfessorEliseTipton,fromtheUniversityofSydney,saysincreasinglystudentsdonotfeeltheneedtolearnanotherlanguagetoboosttheircareer.ShebelievesthatAustralia’seconomicboom(經(jīng)濟(jì)的繁榮),whichisdriven(受到驅(qū)動(dòng))byred-hot(非常有活力的)demand(規(guī)定)foritsminerals礦物注意:一般發(fā)現(xiàn)A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)中心詞,一般該選項(xiàng)就是對(duì)的答案。3.WhatdoesDilipDuttathinklanguageskillscando?A.Improveyourrelationwithyourpartner.B.Helpsettleinternationalconflicts.C.Removebarriersinnegotiations.D.Increasetradingopportunities.分析:這是一道標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的細(xì)節(jié)題,中心詞就是:DilipDutta。帶著它,我們可以在第三段里搜索到相關(guān)的語(yǔ)句:DilipDutta,fromtheeconomiceandbusinessfacultyatSydneyUniversity,sayslanguageskillscanenhancetradingopportunities(答案D出處?。?IFAustralianswanttotradewithAsiancountries,itisveryimportantforthemtolearnthelanguagethat(yī)willhelpthemtogetclosertotheculture.4.WhyhastheAustraliangovernment(澳大利亞政府)bee(cuò)nkeenly(強(qiáng)烈地)interestedinstrengthening(加強(qiáng))ties(聯(lián)系)withAsia(亞洲)?A)BecauseAsiaiswhereAustraliaislocat(yī)ed.B)BecauseAsiaiswhereAustralia’smajorexportsgo.C)BecauseAsiaiswhereAustraliansgoandspendtheirholidays.C)BecauseAsiaiswhereAustraliacanplayabigroleininternat(yī)ionalaffairs.分析:從題目的類(lèi)型來(lái)說(shuō),一定是細(xì)節(jié)題,找到核心詞:Australiangovernment,keenlyinterestedin,tieswithAsia。我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)核心詞沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)在第四段中,而在最后一段中出現(xiàn)了:Atpresent,about70percentofAustralia’smajorexports(重要的出口貨品)gotoAsiaand(該詞相稱(chēng)于so,因果關(guān)系連詞)theAustraliangovernmenthasbeenkeenondevelopingcloser(密切的)economic(經(jīng)濟(jì)的)anddiplomatic(外交的)tieswithAsia(答案出處).Academicssaythat,asAsiabecomesoneoftheworld’seconomicpowerhouses(支柱),Australianeedstoimproveitslanguageskillsifitistotakefulladvantageofthebusinessopportunitiesonitsdoorstep.5.Theword"faculty"inparagraph3canbereplacedby______(dá)_.A)college學(xué)院. B)institute學(xué)會(huì)、研究所C)university大學(xué). D)department系.分析:這是一道詞語(yǔ)釋義題。大家可以查字典,也可以根據(jù)單詞出現(xiàn)的前后文來(lái)判斷:DilipDutta,fromtheeconomics(經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué))andbusiness(貿(mào)易)facultyatSydneyUniversity,。。。由于后面有...university,因此自然想到是大學(xué)里的“系”。例三:OlderVolcanicEruptions1.Volcanoesweremoredestructiveinancienthistory,notbecausetheywerebigger,butbecausethecarbondioxidetheyreleasedwipedoutlifegreaterease.2.PaulWignallfromtheUniversityof3.ThePermianextinction,forexample,whichhappened250millionyearsago,ismarkedbyfloodsofvolcanicrockinSiberiathatcoveranarearoughlythesizeofwesternEurope.Thosevolcanoesarethoughttohavepumpedoutabout10gigatonnesofcarbonascarbondioxide.Theglobalwarmingthat(yī)followedwipedout80percentofallmarinegeneraatthetime,andittook5millionyearsfortheplanettorecover.Yet60millionyearsago,therewasanotherhugeamountofvolcanicactivityandglobalwarmingbutnomassextinction.Someanimalsdiddisappearbutthingsreturnedtonormalwithintenthousandsofyears.“Themostrecentoneshardlyhaveaneffectatall,”Wignallsays.Heignoredtheextinctionwhichwipedoutthedinosaurs65millionyearsago,becausemanyscientistsbelieveitwasprimarilycausedbytheimpactofanasteroid.HethinksthatoldervolcanoeshadmorekillingpowerbecausemorerecentlifeformswerebetteradaptedtodealingwithincreasedlevelsofCO2.4.VincentCourtillot,directoroftheparisGeophysicalInstituteinFrance,saysthatWignall’sideaisprovocative.Buthesaysitisincrediblyhardtodothesesortsofcalculations.Hepointsoutthat(yī)thekillingpowerofvolcaniceruptionsdependsonhowlongtheylasted.Anditisimpossibletotellwhetherthehugeblastslastedforthousandslionsofyears.Healsoaddsthatitisdifficulttoestimatehowmuchlavaprehistoricvolcanoesproduced,andthat(yī)lavavolumemaynotnecessarilycorrespondtocarbondioxideemissions.1.Whydidoldervolcaniceruptionsdomoredamagethanmorerecentones?A.Becausetheykilledofflifemoreeasily.B.Becausetheywerebrighter.C.Becausetheywerelarger.D.Becausetheywerehotter.2.HowdidWignallcalculatethekillingpowerofthoseoldervolcaniceruptions?A.Byestimatinghowlongtheylasted.B.Bycountingthedinosaurstheykilled.C.Bystudyingthechemicalcompositionoflava.D.Bycomparingtheproportionoflifewipedoutwiththevolumeoflavaproduced.3.Whendiddinosaursbecomeextinct??A)300millionyearsago.B)250millionyearsago.C)60millionyearsago.D)65millionyearsago4.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph3concerningdinosaurs?A)Theywerekilledoffbyanasteroid.B)Theydiedofdrasticclimatechange.C)Theywerewipedoffbyavolcaniceruption.D)Thecauseoftheirextinctionhasremainedacontroversialissue.5.Whatisthemainthesisofthearticle?A)Volcaniceruptionsarenotalwaysdeadly.B)Oldervolcaniceruptionsweremoredestructive.C)Carbondioxideemissionsoftengiverisetoglobalwarming.
D)Itisnoteasytocalculatethekillingpowerofavolcaniceruption.解標(biāo)題:OlderVolcanic(火山的)Eruptions(噴發(fā))本文講的是遠(yuǎn)古火山噴發(fā),所以oldervolcaniceruptions應(yīng)是核心詞。1.Whydidoldervolcaniceruptionsdomoredamagethanmorerecentones?(為什么遠(yuǎn)古火山噴發(fā)比近期噴發(fā)損害更大?)A.Becausetheykilledofflifemoreeasily.B.Becausetheywerebrighter.C.Becausetheywerelarger.D.Becausetheywerehotter.分析:細(xì)節(jié)題。第一題,一般在開(kāi)頭段落尋找答案。Volcanoesweremoredestructive(更具有破壞性的)inancienthistory(在古代的勞歷史中),notbecause(不是由于)theywerebigger,butbecause(而是由于)thecarbondioxide(二氧化碳)theyreleased(他們所釋放的,定語(yǔ)修飾前面的thecarbondioxide)wipedout擦去、抹去life生命greaterease(更容易).句子是說(shuō):古代的火山更具殺傷力,不是由于它們更大,而是由于它們釋放出來(lái)的二氧化碳更容易把人殺死。所以答案A表述的內(nèi)容同本段相符。2.How(如何,詢(xún)問(wèn)方式)didWignallcalculate(計(jì)算)thekillingpower(殺傷力)ofthoseoldervolcaniceruptions?A.Byestimat(yī)inghowlongtheylasted.通過(guò)估計(jì)他們連續(xù)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。B.Bycountingthedinosaurstheykilled.通過(guò)數(shù)死去的恐龍的的數(shù)量C.Bystudyingthechemicalcompositionoflava.通過(guò)研究熔巖的化學(xué)構(gòu)成。D.Bparingtheproportionoflifewipedoutwiththevolumeoflavaproduced.通過(guò)比較火山釋放出的熔巖的體積與殺死生命的比例。分析:毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)這是細(xì)節(jié)題,核心詞就是人名:Wignall。PaulWignall(核心詞出現(xiàn)了,接下來(lái)的內(nèi)容請(qǐng)大家注意了?。。。ゝromtheUniversityofLeedswasinvestigatingthelinkbetwee(cuò)nvolcaniceruptionsandmassextinctions.Notallvolcaniceruptionskilledofflargenumbersofanimals,butallthemassextinctionsoverthepast300millionyearscoincidedwithhugeformationsofvolcanicrock.Tohissurprise,theolderthemassivevolcaniceruptionswere,themoredamagetheyseemedtodo.He(代指Wignall)calculatedthe“killingefficiency(功效)forthesevolcanoesbycomparing(比較)tportion(比例)oflifetheykilledoffwiththevolumeoflava(熔巖)thattheyproduced.(答案出處!)Hefoundthatsizeforsize,oldereruptionswereat(yī)least10timesaseffectiveatwipingoutlifeastheirmorerecentrivals.3.Whendiddinosaursbecomeextinct?恐龍什么時(shí)候滅絕的?
A)300millionyearsago.B)250millionyearsago.C)60millionyearsago.D)65millionyearsago分析:這是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的細(xì)節(jié)題,核心詞:dinosaursbecomeextinct。并且這題的特點(diǎn)就是數(shù)字,所以在接下來(lái)的段落中大家要用筆標(biāo)出所見(jiàn)到的數(shù)字加以判斷!ThePermianextinction,forexample,whichhappened250millionyearsago(答案B,但和dinosaursbecomeextinct沒(méi)有關(guān)系,不是答案?。?ismarkedbyfloodsofvolcanicrockinSiberiathatcoveranarearoughlythesizeofwesternEurope.Thosevolcanoesarethoughttohavepumpedoutabout10gigatonnesofcarbonascarbondioxide.Theglobalwarmingthatfollowedwipedout80percentofallmarinegeneraatthetime,andittook5millionyearsfortheplanettorecover.Yet60millionyearsago(答案C,但和dinosaursbecomeextinct沒(méi)有關(guān)系,不是答案!),therewasanotherhugeamountofvolcanicactivityandglobalwarmingbutnomassextinction.Someanimalsdiddisappearbutthingsreturnedtonormalwithintenthousandsofyears.“Themostrecentoneshardlyhaveaneffectatall,”Wignallsays.Heignoredthee(cuò)xtinction(該詞是extinct的同根詞,所以含義應(yīng)是同樣的!)whichwipedoutthedinosaurs(核心詞露面了!)65millionyearsago(這是答案D,所以這就是我們所要找的!!!),becausemanyscientistsbelieveitwasprimarilycausedbytheimpactofanasteroid.HethinksthatoldervolcanoeshadmorekillingpowerbecausemorerecentlifeformswerebetteradaptedtodealingwithincreasedlevelsofCO2.4.What(yī)canbeinferredfromparagraph3concerning(關(guān)于、涉及到)dinosaurs?A)Theywerekilledoffbyanasteroid(小行星).B)Theydiedof(死于)drastic(急劇的)climatechange.C)Theywerewipedoffbyavolcaniceruption.D)Thecauseoftheirextinctionhasremainedacontroversial(有爭(zhēng)議的)issue.分析:題目就告訴我們這是一道推斷題,是第三段。這是一道比較難的題目。需要大家要讀懂句子,還要有推理能力:相關(guān)的句子:“Themostrecentoneshardlyhaveaneffectatall,”Wignallsays.Heignored(忽略、忽視)theextinctionwhichwipedoutthedinosaurs65millionyearsago,becausemanyscientistsbelieveitwasprimarilycausedbytheimpactofanasteroid.Hethinksthatoldervolcanoeshadmorekillingpowerbecausemorerecentlifeformswerebetteradaptedto(更好的適應(yīng))dealingwithincreasedlevelsofCO2.重要句子是說(shuō):Wignall忽略了6千5百萬(wàn)年前恐龍的滅絕是否跟火山爆發(fā)有關(guān),而其他很多科學(xué)家都認(rèn)為恐龍的滅絕是受一顆小行星的影響。這就可以說(shuō)明科學(xué)家們關(guān)于恐龍滅絕的因素是由爭(zhēng)議的,因此選擇D。5.Whatisthemainthesisofthearticle?(文章的重要論點(diǎn)是什么?)A)Volcaniceruptionsarenotalwaysdeadly.B)Oldervolcaniceruptionsweremoredestructive.C)Carbondioxideemissionsoftengiverisetoglobalwarming.
D)Itisnoteasytocalculatethekillingpowerofavolcaniceruption.分析:通過(guò)題目分析這是一道主旨題。相稱(chēng)于在文章里尋找中心句。其實(shí)文章第一段就是中心:Volcanoesweremoredestructiveinancienthistory,notbecausetheywerebigger,butbecausethecarbondioxidetheyreleasedwipedoutlifegreaterease.做完型填空的技巧:我們一般認(rèn)為完型填空題屬于送分題,由于考題通常是從當(dāng)年教材所給出的文章中挑選一篇直接出題。但需注旨在考題設(shè)立時(shí)并不是原封不動(dòng)將原文搬過(guò)來(lái),而出題點(diǎn)和空格的設(shè)立都會(huì)有變化,這就說(shuō)明平時(shí)在做題時(shí)不要背答案,并且要把文章中所有的單詞盡也許都弄明白,否則送分題也有也許成為丟分題。因此,我在這里建議大家在復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)要緊扣教材,不要在從外面找不相關(guān)的題做,這樣是一點(diǎn)幫助也沒(méi)有的!完型填空,旨在考察綜合運(yùn)用英文能力,考題重要從3個(gè)方面設(shè)計(jì):1)詞法結(jié)構(gòu)2)語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)3)前后邏輯關(guān)系。詞法上考察實(shí)詞(動(dòng)/名/形容詞)比例高于虛詞(副/介詞)。此外尚有多義詞/短語(yǔ);短語(yǔ)的固定搭配等等。那么,在大家做完型填空題時(shí)最佳能在文章標(biāo)題的指引下,先通讀全文,對(duì)文章大意有個(gè)了解,接下來(lái)在細(xì)讀這個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)中才會(huì)有的放矢,而不會(huì)像沒(méi)頭蒼蠅瞎蒙亂猜。最后一遍是查讀,顧名思義,邊檢查邊讀,將一些拿不定主意的最后擬定下來(lái),這樣效果
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