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高考英語詞語辨析專題練習alive,living,live,livelyHehadastrangewayofmakinghisclassesandinteresting.Weusuallybuyfishinthemarket.It'llbethebiggestconcerttheworldhaseverseen.Untilrecently,theonlymiludeerintheworldbelongedtotheDukeofBedfordinEngland.He'sdead,buthisdogisstill.Theenemygeneraliscaught.He'sregardedasoneofthebestscientistatpresent.Themustfinishtheworkofthosedead.All(all)right.,That'sallright.,That'sright.---Themoongoesaroundtheearth.---I'msorry,butIcan'tagreewithyou.---It'seighto'clock.Let'sgotoschooltogether.---Howisyourrecentwork?---It'salone,lonelyAfterhisparentsdied,hebecame,buthedidn'tfeelwithallhisfriendsaround.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zWhenthebabywokeup,hefoundhimself.Idon'tlikegoingoutafterdark.Sheraisedherfamilyquite.Livinginabigcitycanbevery.Thereisn'tenoughroomforus,letthesixdogsandacat.I'vetoldyoubefore---leavemythings.Antarctica(南極洲)istheplaceonearth.affect,effectThewarandthesufferingthatitcausedhimgreatly.characterWhat'slearnedinbookscannothavethesamedeeponachildscharacteraswhat'slearnedthroughexperience.alone,only,single(1)Thisisthepaintinginthisstylethatwehave.(2)Timewillshowwhowasright.(3)Aappleishanginginthetree.(4)Thisreading-roomisfortheteachers.(5)Notateacherstoppedhisteaching.already,still,yetButperhapstheyhaven'tknownthematter.WhenIwasinbed,Iheardsomeoneknockingatthedoor.Havetheconductorshadtheirlunch.Haveyoukepthisletter?Haveyoureceivedhisletter?7.also,too,either,aswell(1)HestudieshardandIstudyhard,(2)HehasbeentoXi'an.Ihavebeenthere.(3)HehasbeentoXi'anandI,,havebeenthere.(4)Hehasn'tbeentoXi'an.Ihaven't(5)Sheisfondofbasketballandfootball(6)Can'tyouseethatI'vegotteeth,answer,replyHesmiledbeforehetomyquestions.Noonewasabletohimaword.Hethathecarednothingforit.He,“Ithoughtyouwerecomingtomorrow."thetelephone/doorbellanyone,anyoneIstherein?Ifyourecognizeofthepeopleinthephotograph,tellus.Ifhehadreadofthosebooks,hewouldhaveknowntheanswer.apologizeto,apologizeforHeapologizedme,becausehewasrudetome.Heapologizedmehisbeingrudetome.John,Iwanttoapologizeyouusall.afterall,inall,atall,aboveallThereweretwelveofusfordinner.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zHeshouldhaveofferedtopay---hehasplentyofmoney,.Therewasnothingtoeat.---Thanksforyourkindhelpverymuch.---Not.Hewaseagertoseehisfamilyagain.I'msurprisedyoucame.Bobthoughthecouldn'tgotothepartybecausehehadtoomuchworktodo,buthewentatanymoment,atthemoment,foramoment,forthemoment,inamoment,inthemomentof,themomentIsawhim,Iknewthattherewasnohope.Wearereadytogiveourlivesforourcountry.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zHurryup.Thefilmwillstart.Trytobecalmofdanger.Won'tyoucomein?IfailedtobuythebookbecauseIhadnomoneywithme.Ican'trecognizehim,forit'syearssinceIsawhimlast.atatime,atonetime,attimes,atalltimes,atthesametime,atnotimeThetwoballsfelltotheground.Pleasegivemetwobooks.Lincolnwasapostmaster.shouldyoudivorce(脫離)yourselffromthemassesofthepeople.hewaslateforschool.Weshouldbereadytowipeoutanyenemywhodarestocome.14.begoodat,begoodfor,begoodto(1)HewasverygoodmewhenIwasill.(2)Isthiskindoffoodgoodme?(3)WhenIwasyoung,Iwasgoodatmathematics,languagesandetc.beat,gain,win,defectTheenemywasinadecisivebattle.Shewasdeterminedtotherace.JimTombyayardandtheraceatlast.Totime,IpretendedthatIhadnotheardhisrequest.HetheNobelPrizeforPhysicsin1921.beforelong,longbeforeMarxhadtomoveon.Wehaveseenthefilm.We'llseethatfilm.Itwillnotbewefinishthisdictionary.IhadknownhimIgottoknowyou.
17.bring,take,carry,fetch(1)Whohasawaytoday'snewspaper?(2)Nexttimeyoucome,methatbook,please.(3)Thewomanisababyinherarms.(4)Canyoumesomechalk?18.by,(1)on,through,overThechairmanofthemeetingwillspeaktheradio.(2)Theytalkedtousradio.RadioandTVprogramsaresentsatellitesforbroadcasting.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zDoyouwatchfootballTV?Jack,youarewantedthetelephone.byoneself,foroneself,ofoneselfDoyouhaveanythingtosay?Wemustdoourhomework.Thebottlecouldn'thavefallendown.Someonemusthaveknockeditdown.bytheway,inaway,inthe(one's)way,onthe(one's)way(1)Heheldherarmthathurther.(2)Noonewillbeifhewantstodoit.(3)home,hewasmurdered.(4),haveyouseenJohnrecently?
(5)it'sagoodfilm.(6)Heistobecomingagoodengineer.21.careof,carefor,takecareof(1)Nursespatientsinhospitals.(2)Wouldyouawalkwithus?(3)Hehisclothesorfood.(4)Idon'tmovies.22.cause,reason,excuseAsayoungman,hewasforcedtoleavehishomelandforpolitical(2)Poorfoundationwastheofthehouse'scollapse(倒塌)(3)“I'llnotlistentoany,”Mr.Blackstoppedher.23.clean,sweep,wipe(1)He'sbusythedisheswithdrycloth.(2)Aqiaostoodupandthesweat(汗水)offherface.(3)We'regoingtothebedroomforChristmasDay.(4)WhenIcamein,hewasthefloor.24.custom,habitissometimesconsideredasimportantaslaw.I'vegotintotheofturningontheTVthemomentIgethome.It'shistotakeacoldbatheveryday.25.demand,request,require(1)Engineersareingreat.(2)AllIofyouisthatyoushouldcomeearly.(3)Ihavedoneallthatisbylaw.(4)Mr.Whitehisdaughtertoleavehere.(5)Heofmetokeepquiet.(6)Thebabylookingafter.country,land,state,nationMarxandEngelshadoriginal(獨創(chuàng)的)ideasoftheChinaisagreatwithalonghistory.Thisismynative,andI'lldefenditwithmylife.Thewholewasindeepsorrowatthesadnews.dress,haveon,puton,wear,in,withHeabluecoatandgreytrouserstoday.It'scoldoutside.You'dbettermoreclothes.Hewasheavyshoes.Shewashed,andwentout.Thegirlredisagoodstudent.Mydaughterisoldenoughtoherself.Shewaslightbluesilk.He'swell.Thegirlglassesisourmonitor.
28.else,other,more,another(1)Whatdoyouwant?(2)Wouldyoulikesomesoup?(3)Wewentnowhere.(4)MayIhavetwopotatoes?(5)Tenbooksareinneed.Excuseme,(Iam)sorry,(Ibegyour)pardon,isityourpen?,couldyousayitagain?,butIcan'tgototheofficetoday.,couldyoutellmethewaytotheneareststore?fairly,quire,rather(1)Thisbookistoodifficultforthebeginners.(2)Mybrotherisbettertoday.(3)It'sabadbook.(4)Iattendedainterestinglecture.(5)Whataperfectperformance.(6)I'msorry,butIdon'tcatchyou.fast,quick,soonsoThenextmorning,theteacheraskedtheboy,“HowdidyoufindtheanswersoComputersaregettingsmallerandcomputingand.SoItriedmybesttofindtheanswer.Ifoundit.fault,mistakeInspiteofhis,heisstillagoodcomrade.Youcan'tarrestme!Theremustbesome.They'realwaystryingtofindwithmywork.Ihavetookyourumbrellaby.Ithisownthathedidn'tpassthephysicsexamination.fit,suitTheglovesdon'tme.Haveyougotanotherpairoflargersize?Redandbluearethecolorsthatmewell.forexample,suchas,likeSomecold-bloodedanimals,thecat,thedogorthewolf,donotneedtohibernate.Noise,,isakindofpollution.Whataterriblevoice.Listentothissong,.SomeEnglishwordscomefromotherlanguages,French,GermanandSpanish.Manisdestroyinghimself.,theforestsarebeingcutdowninsomeplaces.wordsastraveled,centreandcolorareAmerican.forget,leaveImywalletinthecar.Iquitehisnameandaddress.YesterdayIthekeyathome.Buttoday,Imustn'titanymore.musthavedone/should(oughtto)havedone/needhavedone/can(could)havedoneYou(go)towatchTV.Youaregoingtotakeanexaminationtomorrow.Thedancingparty(arrive)inBeijingbyten.Theyareplayingontheplaygroundnow.They(finish)theirhomework.Thelightisstillon.They(go)tobed.Thereisnolightinhisroom.(go)out?We(take)ataxi,asitwasveryneartothestation.other/another/theother/others/theothersSomearesinging,somearedancing,areclimbingthehill.WestudyChinese,English,Physicsandsubjects.I'llcomeagainsomeday.Shehastwochildren.Oneisaboy,andisagirl.Therearesixpeopleintheroom.Fouraregirls,andtwoareboys.Ididn'tlikethispen.Pleaseshowme.Therearesixthstudentsintheclassroom.Thirtyaregirls,andareboys.noise/voice/soundTheboyshoutedatthetopofhis.Theoftraffickepthimawake.Therewasaoffootstepsoutsidethehall.possible,probable,likelyThecauseofhisfailurewasthathehadbeentootired.WithEnglandleading3-0,Englandarethewinners.AlexanderBellmadeitforustodaytocommunicatewitheachotheronthephone.Itis,thoughnotthathewillcometomorrow.Sheisverytoringmetonight.=Itisverythatshewillringmetonight.=Itismuchthatshewillringmetonight.You'dbetterhurrytothestationasfastas.spend,take,cost,payYou'llhavetometendollarsaweekforyourmeals.Paintingthepicturemeallweek.Makingexperimentslikethismuchtimeandlabor.EverymorninghehalfanhouronEnglishlistening.Hethetaxiandhurriedtothestation.Herirresponsiblebehaviorherfathermanysleeplessnights.Ityou12poundstogotoLondonbyship.Itmetenminutestogotothepostoffice.taketheplaceof,takeone'splace,takeplaceTheaccidentafterthetrafficlightturnedred.Sinceeveryoneishere,let'sstartourmeeting.Now,,please.Tractorshavenowhorsesandcowsinmostvillages.Mr.Greenisill.AndI'vecometo.position/condition/situation/state(1)Areyouinagoodofhealth?(2)Heaskedforthatinthecompanybutwasturneddown.(3)Howaboutthelivingofthefarmershere?4.Inthisyoumustkeepcalm.possible/likely/possibly/maybe(1)Heistocomebutrmnotcertain,ItisthathewillcomebutI'mnotcertain.Hecan'ttellthetruth.hedoesn'tmeanwhathesaid.price/value/cost/expense(1)I'msurethemapwillbeofgreattoyourjourney.(2)Inordertocovertheheworkeddayandnight.(3)Thesemachinesareallmadeatahigh(4)Althoughhissoundsreasonable,Iwon'ttakeit.putaway/puton/putoff/putdown(1)Thesportsmeetwillbeuntilnextweek.(2)Therebellionwasnotuntil1946.(3)Youshouldthesebooksafteryoureadthem.(4)theseclothesoryouwillcatchacold.quality/quantity/character/personality(1)Alargeofwaterislostforthisreason.(2)Whenwillyouhaveatest?(3)Inmyopinion,honestyisagood.(4)TherearemanyChinese.47.question/problem/doubt'/wonder(1)NohementionedAlicemanytimes.Shewashissister.(2)IhavenothatIwillmakeafortunesomeday.(3)ItisoutofthatIwillmakeafortunesomeday.(4)Themathsisbeyondme.IamafraidIcan'tworkitoutonmyown.48.raise/rise/lift/feed(1)Hehisvoiceinordertomakehimselfheardbyothers.(2)Thesunintheeastandsetsinthewest.(3)Mary,youthechickenstoday.(4)Theboxistooheavyformeto.49.rapid/fast/quick/soon(1)BobcanrunsothatIcan'tcatchupwithhim.(2)__progresshasbeenmadeinhisstudy.(3)Iamsurethathewillcheerup.(4)Adecisionshouldbemadesincethesituationissourgent.50.rather/fairly/quite/well1)Tomis__aheadofmeinPhysics.2)It's__easytoworkouttheproblem.3)It's___difficulttoworkouttheproblem.4)It's___impossibletoreturntotheolddaysreach/arrive/get/touch(1)Iforthebananahangingontheceiling.(2)Heisexpectedtohaveatthetrainstationbutsofarhestillhasn'tturnedup.(3)Whenwetothetrainstationthetrainhadalreadyleft.(4)Iwasgreatlybytheboy'sstory.referto/lookup/searchfor/talkabout(1)Pleasethenewwordinthedictionary.(2)Pleasethedictionaryinordertofindthemeaningofthenewword.(3)Thepolicearethemissingboy.(4)Wethepeopleandthingsthatweremembered.remain/last/continue/leave(1)Thedoorwasopenaftertheyleft.(2)Althoughhebecamerich,hislifesimple.(3)HowlongdidtheAmericanCivilWar?(4)Afterashortbreakthevoiceofthespokesman.remind/recall/remember/regret(1)Thesongmeofmychildhood.(2)Pleasemetoyourparents.(3)Thecompanydecidedtofaultycars.(4)ImydecisiontostudyRussianbutnowitistoolate.replace/instead/insteadof/exchange(1)smilinghemadeaface.(2)Hedidn'tsmile,hemadeaface.(3)OnChristmastheyusuallypresentswitheachother.(4)Unsatisfiedwiththeradio,Iwanttoitwithanotherone.roblsteal/cheat/lie(1)Thestudentwascaughtintheexam.(2)Theymeofmydiamondnecklaceyesterdaymorning.(3)Don'ttoyourteachers.(4)Thethiefwascaughtmoneyinthebank.scene/sight/view/look(1)Theyrushedtotheofthetrafficaccident.(2)Standingonthetopofthebuildingyouwillhaveagoodofthewholecity.(3)Hestoodthereevenafterthetrainwasoutof.(4)TheoldGreatWallhastakenonanew.save/spend/spare/share1)Don'tplaywiththetoysallbyyourself.Youmustlearnto______withothers.2)Inorderto_timeItookashortcut.3)Willyouplease_mesometimeforachat?4)Alotoftimeis_chattingwithhim.sendup/sendfor/sendout/sendoff(1)Nextweekanewman-madesatellitewillbe.(2)Whatalotofinvitationsto!DoctorWanghasbeen.Waitaminute.Weshouldalltheseparcelsbynoon.senousIanxious/curious/nervous(1)It'sbadmannerstobeaboutothers'secretS.(2)Performingonthestageforthefirsttime,hefeltabitDon'ttakewhathesaid.Heisonlyjoking.Theparentsareabouttheirchildren'ssafety.答案與簡析alive1.(1)lively(2)live(3)live(4)alive(5)alive/living(6)alive(7)living(8)living四個詞都是形容詞,都與“活著”有關。alive通常用做表語,既可指人,也可指物,此時可與living互換。但作補足語用時,只能用alive,而不能用living。alive有時也用做定語形容詞,此時只能后置。live[laiv]用做定語形容詞,意思是“實況(播送)的,現(xiàn)場(直播)的”,或“活的”。一般修飾物。lively主要用做前置定語,修飾人或物,也可做表語?!岸ü谠~the+living”表示“活著的人”。lively「laivli]意為“活潑的,活躍的,充滿生氣的”,用做表語或定語,可修飾人或物。(1)That'sright.(2)That'sallright.(3)Allright.(4)allright.這三句話(短語)往往用于口語中?!癆llright”表示同意對方的看法或意見?!癟hat'sallright”用于對方向你致謝或道歉時的用語,相當于,不用謝,不客氣,沒關系,。它往往等同于Notatall./Don'tmentionit.等。That'sright.中的right=true,right,表示肯定對方所說的話是對的。allright用于句中時,意思比較靈活。(1)alone,lonely(2)alone(3)alone(4)alone(5)lonely(6)alone(7)alone(8)loneliestlonely是形容詞,有表語和前置定語用法。做表語時,意為,孤獨的”,“寂寞的”,帶有濃厚的感情色彩,表示主觀上渴望有伴。做定語時,往往表示'地方”,有“人跡罕至的、荒涼的、偏僻的”之意。alone有形容詞和副詞用法,表示“無伴”,“孤單”,相當于withoutanycompanions,但它不強調是否“寂寞"?;虮硎尽蔼氉砸蝗?、“獨立地",相當于withoutthehelpofothers。alone還可用做補足語。短語let(leave)sth.alone意為“不去理會,不要去管";letalone意為“更不用說”。(1)affected(2)effectaffect是及物動詞,發(fā)音為9'fekt];effect是名詞,發(fā)音為[i'fekt],通常用于havea(n)...effecton...這一短語中。(1)only(2)alone(3)single(4)only/alone(5)single三者都可以用做形容詞,表示“僅一”,“單一”,“唯一”的意思。定語用法時,only為前置定語;alone為后置定語;single一般和a連用,在否定句中,表示“連一個也不(沒)”。only還可以和the連用,表示“唯一的”,“最好的”,“最合適的”。only和alone還有副詞用法。(1)yet(2)still(3)yet/already(4)still(5)alreadyalready作“已經(jīng)”解,通常用于肯定句;yet通常用于疑問句和否定句。在疑問句中,作“已經(jīng)”解;在否定句中,作還”,“尚”解。still表示“仍然”,“仍舊”的意思,說明某種情況和過去一樣地繼續(xù)著,可以用于肯定句、否定句和疑問句中。already用于疑問句中,常常表示問話人對某一動作或狀態(tài)的開始或完成得比預想的要快、早而表示驚異。(1)too(2)also(3)too(4)either(5)too/aswell(6)tooalso用于肯定句,常常位于be動詞、助動詞和情態(tài)動詞之后,或行為動詞之前otoo也用于肯定句,比also更加通俗??梢院蚢lso,aswell通用,可位于句中和句末。它可以用逗號將其與句子的其它成分隔開,單獨使用。aswell在口語中使用較多,用法和too一樣,可以互換。常常位于句末。either用于否定句,只能位于句末。在含有責備、抱怨或規(guī)勸之類的句中,或者是在表示建議、邀請的句中,若句子本身是以否定句的形式表達肯定的意義時,用副詞too,而不用stillo(1)replied(2)answer(3)replied/answered(4)replied/answeredansweranswer可以用做及物動詞或不及物動詞,是一般用語。reply是不及物動詞,后面常常接介詞to,再接賓語。它表示經(jīng)過考慮,有針對性地、詳細地回答°reply也可以用做及物動詞,這時它的賓語必須是直接引語或賓語從句。answer還有“應答”之類的含義。(1)anyone(2)anyone(3)anyoneanyone用做代詞,只能指人,相當于anybody。anyone是一個詞組,既可指人,也可指物,意為“任何一人”或“任何一物”。它后面常接介詞of。(1)to(2)to,for(3)to,forapologize是不及物動詞,相當于sayapology。表示“向某人道歉”時,不能說apologizesb.,而要說apologizetosb.;表示“因為某事而向某人道歉”時,要說apologizetosb.forsth.;表示“代替某人向某人道歉"時,應該說apologizetosb.forsb.。(1)inall(2)afterall(3)atall(4)atall(5)aboveall(6)atall/afterall(7)afterall/atallinall意思是“總共”,“總計”。aboveall表示“最重要的是”,“尤其”之意。atall常常用于否定句,表示“根本不”,“一點也不”。Notatall是用于回答對方感謝時的客套話。atall用于肯定句中時,起強調作用,表示“突然”、“到底”。此時可以用afterall代替。afterall還有提醒對方注意的含義,相當于“別忘了”,“畢竟”。(1)Themoment(2)atanymoment(3)inamoment(4)inthemoment(5)foramoment(6)atthemoment(7)forthemomentatanymoment意為“隨時",“任何時候",與atanytime或atalltimes同義;atthemoment表示“此刻”,“目前”或“那時”,“當時”。可用于一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時;foramoment:片刻,一會兒,相當于forawhile;forthemoment:暫時,一時;inamoment表示現(xiàn)在或過去的動作即將發(fā)生的時間,意為“馬上",“很快”。inthemomentof...:在的關頭,相當于intimeof...;themoment(that)用來引導時間狀語從句,意為“一就",相當于assoonas。
13.(113.(1)atthesametime(2)atatime(3)atonetime(4)Atnotime(5)Attimes(6)atalltimesattimes=sometimes:有時,間或;atalltimes=always:隨時,無論什么時候;atonetime=once,foraperiodoftimeinthepast:從前,曾經(jīng);atatime=eachtime:一次,每次;atnotime:在任何時候都不,決不;atthesametime:同時。(1)to(2)for(3)atbegoodat:擅長。begoodto(sb.):kind,好心的,仁慈的。begoodfor(sb./sth.):有益的,有益健康的。(1)defeated(2)win(3)beat/defeated(4)gain(5)gained/wonbeat和defeat同義。它們的賓語必須是人或一個集體,如ateam,aclass,aschool,anarmy等。defeat常表示在戰(zhàn)爭中勝過對方;beat常用于游戲、比賽等場合。win和gain同義。gain表示獲得需要之物,它的賓語常為one'sliving,strength,experience,time,knowledge,attention,respect,admiration等;win表示在較強的競爭中取得了勝利,它的賓語常用game,war,prize,fame,battle等。(1)Beforelong(2)longbefore(3)beforelong(4)longbefore(5)longbeforebeforelong:不久以后(afterashortperiodoftimeorsoon)。其中的謂語動詞可用現(xiàn)在、過去或將來時態(tài)。longbefore:好久以前(alongtimeago)。其中的謂語動詞用過去時態(tài)或完成時態(tài)。另外,longbefore也可單獨使用。其中l(wèi)ong是形容詞或副詞,before是連詞。這個詞組表示“在……之前很久”。17.(1)17.(1)taken(2)bring(3)carrying(4)fetchcarry的意思是“攜帶”,“搬運”。將人或物從一處帶到另一處。攜帶的方式可以是提、扛、背、抱或抬等。carry不說明帶的方向性。bring:帶來、拿來。它強調方向性,即從別處拿到說話者這兒來,不強調帶的方式,后可以接雙賓語。take:帶走,即從說話人這兒帶到別處去。fetch表示到別處把某人找到并帶來,或把某物找到并取來。后可接雙賓語。(1)on/over(2)by(3)through(4)on(5)on表示“通過無線電”,用byradio或on/overtheradio;通過衛(wèi)星收發(fā)節(jié)目,用介詞through;通過電視看,用介詞on;通過電話交談,該說onthetelephoneo(1)foryourself(2)byourselves/forourselves(3)ofitselfforoneself意為“為自己"或“獨立地”。在表示“獨立地,親自地"時,可以和byoneself互換。ofoneself意為“自動地”,“自然而然地”。(1)inaway(2)inhisway(3)Onthe/hisway(4)Bytheway(5)Inaway(6)onthewaybytheway:順便問問,順便說說;inaway:(1)在某種程度上,在某種意義上,在某點上;(2)后接定語從句,表示“以方式”;inthe(one's)way:擋路的,妨礙人的;onone's/theway:(1)在路上,在的途中,后面常接介詞to或副詞;(2)onone'swayto+doing的意思是“即將”,“就要”。(1)takecareof(2)carefor(3)careabout(4)careforcareabout意為“計較,在乎",一般用于否定句。carefor意為“關心,喜歡,想要”,多用于肯定句或疑問句。takecareof意為“照料”,相當于lookafter。22.(122.(1)reasons(2)cause(3)excusecause(原因),指造成某一事實或現(xiàn)象或產(chǎn)生某種結果的直接原因,常和effect連用,表示原因和結果。reason(理由),用來解釋某種現(xiàn)象或結果,或對事物的起因、行為的意圖等給予合情合理的邏輯解釋,而不是簡單直接地說明起因。excuse指為避免受指責或推卸責任而找“借口”。(1)wiping(2)wiped(3)clean(4)sweeping三者都有把污垢、雜亂或有害的東西清除掉的意思。clean用于各種方式的“打掃干凈”,用得比較廣泛;sweep指用掃把掃除地板上的塵土或臟物;wipe指用抹布、手或紙等進行拭擦。(1)Custom(2)habit(3)customcustom指傳統(tǒng)風俗、習俗。也可以指生活習慣,后接不定式做后置定語。habit指生活習慣、習慣成自然。它后接ofdoingsth.做后置定語,不可接不定式。(1)demand(2)request(3)required(4)requested/required(5)demanded(6)required/requires三者都有“要求”之意。它們后接賓語從句時,從句的謂語動詞都要用虛擬語氣。demand表示“堅決要求”或“迫切要求”;request意思是“懇求、請求”,指通過正式手段提出要求,口氣較緩,態(tài)度禮貌;require指按照規(guī)定、法規(guī)或權利等提出的要求或命令。當它表示"需要”之意時,后接不定式的被動式或動名詞的主動式。我們可以用request/requiresb.todosth.或demand/requireofsb.todosth.結構。(1)state(2)country(3)land(4)nation這四個詞都有“國家"的意思,但側重點不同。country側重“版圖、疆域”;nation側重“人民、國民,民族”;state側重“政體、政權”,意思是“國家、政府”;land側重“國土、國家”,帶有感情色彩,多用于文學作品中。(1)hason(2)puton(3)wearing(4)dressed(5)indress(7)in(8)dressed(9)withhaveon,wear,in和with表“穿、戴"的狀態(tài),puton表動作,dress既可表動作,又可表狀^態(tài)。dress用作及物動詞時,它的賓語是,人”,不接“衣服”,表示“給某人穿衣服”;用作不及物動詞時,表示,穿好衣服”。dress的過去分詞dressed通常表示“穿著的狀況”或“某人在某種場合穿著什么衣服”。haveon:穿著、戴著衣服、帽子、鞋子等,不能用于進行時態(tài)。wear的賓語是衣服、鞋子、帽子、手套、眼鏡、首飾、花朵、劍以及徽章等,可以用于進行時態(tài)。puton:穿上、戴上,表動作,其反義詞是takeoff。in后接衣服或顏色,可作后置定語或表語。with只能與衣服、手套之類的名詞搭配,不接衣服,而且只能做定語。(1)more/else(2)more(3)another(4)another(5)otherelse和other的區(qū)別主要在于:else常常用在疑問代詞、疑問副詞和不定代詞之后,用做后置定語或狀語,而other只能用在名詞前做定語。more,other和another在表示“附加的”、“另外的”的意思時,它們主要的區(qū)別在于:more可以放在疑問代詞和不定代詞后,如whatmore,nothingmore等。more和other都可以放在基數(shù)詞和量詞之后,名詞之前,但other只能修飾可數(shù)名詞,而more還可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞。another放在基數(shù)詞或量詞之前,再修飾名詞。(1)Excuseme(2)Pardon(Ibegyourpardon)(3)Sorry(Iamsorry)(4)Excuseme(Ibegyour)pardon用于沒聽清楚對方的話,希望對方再重復一遍。(Iam)sorry表示我們做了錯事之后表達歉意。當我們要說的話、要做的事可能引起對方不便或打擾對方時,或者我們要引起對方注意時,事先要說Excuseme.30.(1)rather(2)30.(1)rather(2)rather/quite(5)quite(6)quite這是一組表示程度的副詞。rather一詞可以和形容詞、副詞的比較級及too連用。quite僅可用于better前,表示“身體完全好了”。quite和fairly既可以位于冠詞前,也可以置于冠詞之后,但rather只能置于冠詞之后。quite和rather可以修飾動詞。quite還可以修飾“沒有程度差別”的形容詞,如perfect,impossible,dead等。(1)quickly(2)faster,faster(3)quickly,Soonquickly側重指某事完成或發(fā)生得快,總共延續(xù)的時間很短。它常常指人的思維快,反應速度快或動作敏捷。fast側重指人或事物具有運動速度快的特點。soon側重指兩件事情的先后發(fā)生,中間的時間間隔很短。(1)faults(2)mistake(3)fault(4)mistake(5)faultfault多指性格上的弱點,行為上的過失。強調對過失應付一定的責任。mistake意為“錯誤,誤會,誤解,搞錯了”。指缺乏正確理解造成行動上、認識上的錯誤。另外,應注意一些習慣用法。bymistake:弄錯了;Thisismyfault:是我的過錯;findfaultwithsb./sth.:找岔子,挑毛病。(1)fit(2)suitfit指大小、尺寸合乎某人的身體;suit指顏色、花樣或款式等合乎某人(或某人的身份)。(1)suchas/like(2)forexample(3)forexample(4)suchas/like(5)Forexample(6)Such...asforexample用來列舉同類人或事物中的“一個”事例,表明某個觀點或說明某個問題。單獨用做插入語,可以放置在句首、句中或句末。suchas用來列舉同類人或事物中的“幾個”(一部分),可以和like互用。但suchas可以分開來使用,如suchreferencebooksasdictionariesandhandbooks.(1)left(2)forgot(3)left...forgetleave指“把東西遺留在什么地方”、“遺留”,它的后面必須接地點狀語;forget表示“忘記”某人、某事,后面不能接地點狀語。(1)shouldnot/oughtnottohavegoneshouldhavearrivedmusthavefinishedcan'thavegoneCanhehavegoneneedn'thavetaken“情態(tài)動詞+havedone"結構,表示對過去發(fā)生行為的語氣判斷。musthavedone表示推測,意思是“肯定",“準是”,用于肯定句。can/couldhavedone用于疑問句或否定句,表示對過去發(fā)生行為的懷疑或不肯定,意思是“可能嗎?”或“不可能”。should/oughttohavedone表示過去該做的事,而實際上未做。意思是“本應該”,常常含有“責備",“不贊成”的口氣。其否定式表示過去不應該發(fā)生的事,卻發(fā)生了。意思是“本不應該”。這種結構還可表示“可能",“推斷”。常常譯成“該已",“可能已經(jīng)”。needn'thavedone表示本來不必要做某事,而實際上已經(jīng)做了。(1)others(2)other(3)other(4)theother(5)theother(6)another(7)theothersother做前置定語,修飾單數(shù)或復數(shù)名詞;another泛指三者以上的不定數(shù)目中的“另一個”;theother表示兩者中的“另一個”或兩部分中的“另一部分”,是特指;others用作代詞,泛指“其他人”或“其他物”;theothers指整體中除去一部分,剩余的全部,是特指。(1)voice(2)noise(3)soundsound指任何可以用耳朵聽到的聲音;voice指人的說話聲、歌聲或笑聲;noise指各種“噪音”或“吵鬧聲”。(1)possible/probable(2)probable(3)possible(4)possible/probable(5)likely,likely,possible/probable(6)possible三者都可以表示“可能”。possible指客觀上有可能,但往往含有希望很小的意味;probable比possible的可能性大,表示“很可能”、“大概”,指有實際依據(jù)或在邏輯上合情合理;likely是從外表跡象判斷,有可能發(fā)生某事。possible不能用人作主語,也不能與人構成復合賓語。常常用于句型:Itispossibletodo...;Itispossibleforsb.todo...;或Itispossiblethat....等句型。但possible可以和物構成復合賓語,特別常見于it做形式賓語時。另外,我們常見到短語asfast/quickly/high/bable也不能用人作主語,不能和人或物構成復合賓語,只能用在句型Itisprobablethat...。likely作表語時,它的主語可以是人,也可以是物。它也可以用于句型Itislikelythat...中。(1)pay(2)took(3)costs/cost(4)spends(5)paid(6)cost(7)costs(8)tookspend和pay的主語必須是人;cost和take的主語不能是人。spend的賓語可以是錢、精力或時間等,其后用介詞on+名詞或用介詞in(可省去)+動名詞形式,千萬不能接不定式。pay作為及物動詞,賓語可以是“人”、“錢”。payfor表示支付的原因。cost的主語是“物”或“事”,表示“費用”、“耗費”,后接money,time等,側重“花費”的代價。cost后不能與具體的時間長度連用,只能與表示抽象概念的時間短語連用,如sometime,muchtime等。cost的賓語還可以是health,life等,表示“使付出代價,或做出某種犧牲”。take表示“花費”時,主語一般是"一件事”,常常用于句型Ittook(takes,willtake)(sb.)sometimetodo...。(1)tookplace(2)takeyourplaces(3)taketheplaceof(4)takehisplacetaketheplaceofsb./sth.:代替某人(某物);takeone'splace:①代替某人的職務,②就坐;takeplace:發(fā)生,是不及物動詞,不用于被動語態(tài)。(1)state(2)position(3)conditions(4)situationstate表示“狀態(tài)”;condition表示“條件”:position可表示“方位;職位”;situation表示“形勢;處境”。(1)1ikely(2)possible/likely(3)possibly(4)Maybelikelytodo意為“可能會做(某事)”;it'spossible/likelythat意為“可能會..”;possibly為副詞,可以與can't連用,表示“絕不可能”;m
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