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1、Southwest'sConifersFaceTrialbyClimat(yī)eChange氣候變化危害多AsyousitroundtheChristmastree,considertheTLCyougiveOTannenbaum:plentyofwaterandarelativelycomfortableclimate.Wouldn'twanttodryoutthetree,afterall.Nowconsiderthatinthehousewealllivein—theplanet—we’rehardlygivingthesamecourtesytoyourChristmastree'swildcousins.(Who,Imightadd,areactuallystillalive.)當(dāng)你圍著圣誕樹而坐,想著自己對(duì)它的體貼照料:足量的水、舒適的環(huán)境。你從不會(huì)想到它會(huì)干枯而死?,F(xiàn)在想想我們居住的房子——地球——我們從未向?qū)ΥフQ樹的野生堂兄妹(補(bǔ)充一下,假如它們事實(shí)上還活著)那樣禮待它。Astheplanetwarms,droughtsaregettingevendrier—andthey'regettinghottertoo.Infactit'sgettingsobadthatresearchersarenowforecastingthatconifersinthearidsouthwesternUnitedStatescouldbecompletelywipedoutbythee(cuò)ndofthecentury.Nomorepinyonpines,ponderosasorjunipers.Nomoreforests.隨著地球變暖,干旱變得越來越嚴(yán)峻——天氣也更加炎熱。事實(shí)上,情況變得非常糟糕,研究人員預(yù)測(cè),美國西南部的針葉樹也許會(huì)在本世紀(jì)末徹底滅絕。那時(shí)候沒有矮松樹、黃松樹、尚有刺柏。也沒有森林。"It'sdefinitelyadistressingresultforallofus.Noneofuswanttosee(cuò)thishappen.It'sabummer,honestly."SaraRauscher,aclimatescientistandgeographerattheUniversityofDelaware.Sheandhercolleaguesgathereddataonhowreal-worldevergreensinthesouthwestrespondtodroughtandheat(yī)—theybasicallystarve,unabletocarryonphotosynthesisortransportwat(yī)er.“那對(duì)我們來說,是一個(gè)令人心痛的結(jié)果,我們都不想要看到這種情況發(fā)生。真的?!盨araRauscher是特拉華大學(xué)氣候?qū)W家和地理學(xué)家。她和同事們搜集美國西南部常青樹如何應(yīng)對(duì)干旱和高溫的數(shù)據(jù)——樹木在饑餓時(shí),不可以進(jìn)行光合作用和運(yùn)送水分。Theresearchersthencombinedthosephysiologicaldatawithahalfdozenprojectionsofhowclimatechangemightprocee(cuò)d."Butnomatterwhatmodelweused,wealwayssawtreedeath."Specifically,72percentofthetree(cuò)sdeadby2050,andanear-completeannihilat(yī)ionbytheyear2100.TheresultsareinthejournalNatureClimateChange.研究人員將這些樹木的生理數(shù)據(jù)和未來氣候變化的預(yù)測(cè)相結(jié)合。“無論我們使用何種模型,得到的結(jié)果都是樹木會(huì)死亡。確切地說,截止到2050年”72%的樹木會(huì)死亡,212023,所有的樹木都會(huì)消失。該研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在《氣候變化》雜志上。Butwe'llalwayshaveParis,right?"EvenifweusedascenariosimilartowhattheParisaccordshaveagreedupon—solimitingglobalwarmingto2degree(cuò)s—westillsawwidespreaddie-off.Ithappenedlaterinthecentury,butitstillhappened."That(yī)said,thestudydoesnotaccountfortrees'abilitytoadapt,orwhethernewpopulationscouldfindfriendlierclimes.Thatis,whetherconifersinthesouthwestcanpulluprootsfastenoughtobeat(yī)climatechange.但是未來,我們尚有巴黎存在。即使我們應(yīng)用巴黎協(xié)定規(guī)定的類似的場(chǎng)景——將全球變暖的溫度控制到2度,在本世紀(jì)末,這上述局面才會(huì)出現(xiàn)。也就是說,以上研究沒有考慮樹木的適應(yīng)能力或者未來種類可以找到更適合自身生長的地方。即美國西南部的針葉樹可轉(zhuǎn)移陣地?fù)魯夂蜃兓hat’stheinfluencethatclimatechangewilltaketous?Whatwillyoudoandwhathavechinadone2、NewAfricanHighwaysHaveaHighEnvironmentalPrice鋪設(shè)新非洲高速公路環(huán)境代價(jià)高Bytheendofthecentury,theUnitedNationsreckonsthepopulationofAfricacouldhit4.3billionpeople—fourtimestoday'snumbers.It'sthefastest-growingspotontheplanet,whichinevitablymeansgrowingpains:“We'reseeingarealrush,almostafeedingfrenzyofforeignmininginvestment,andinsomecases,landgrabs."BillLaurance,anecologistatJamesCookUniversityinA(yù)ustralia.截止到本世紀(jì)末,聯(lián)合國估計(jì)非洲人口將達(dá)成43億——是當(dāng)今數(shù)量的4倍。這是地球上人口增速最快的地區(qū),而不可避免,這意味著增長煩惱:“在這里我們看到人口激增,同時(shí)外國礦業(yè)投資瘋狂增長,在一些區(qū)域出現(xiàn)了土地爭(zhēng)奪的現(xiàn)象?!盉illLaurance,講述了這番言論,他是澳大利亞詹姆斯庫克大學(xué)的生態(tài)學(xué)家。"We'relivinginthemostactiveeraofinfrastructureandroadexpansioninhumanhistory.We'reprojectedtosee25millionkilometersofnewpavedroadsontheplanetbythemiddleofthecentury,whichisenoughtogoaroundtheworldmorethan600times."Thirty-three(cuò)ofthoseroads—spanning53,000kilometers—arealreadyplannedinAfrica.SoLauranceandhiscolleaguesexaminedtheprosandconsofthenewprojects.Theymeasuredpotentialbenefits,likemoreagriculturalopportunities,andweighedthosegainsagainstenvironmentalimpacts.“我們生活在人類歷史上基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施以及道路擴(kuò)展最活躍的時(shí)代。在本世紀(jì)中葉,估計(jì)我們將看到地球上將會(huì)鋪設(shè)25百萬千米的新公路。這個(gè)長度足夠繞地球600多圈?!逼渲杏?3條道路——長達(dá)5.3萬千米——已經(jīng)計(jì)劃在非洲鋪設(shè)。所以Laurance和同事們調(diào)查了新項(xiàng)目的利弊。并估量了這些項(xiàng)目也許會(huì)帶來的益處,例如增長農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)遇,同時(shí),他們也衡量了這些成果對(duì)于環(huán)境的影響。Theresearchteamdeterminedthattheplannedroadsandrailwayswouldslicethroughmorethan400protectedareas.Andifyouincludea25-kilometerbufferzoneoneachsideoftheroad—whereLaurancesaysnewhunting,poaching,farming,loggingandminingareboundtopopup—thetallyofviolatedprotectedareasrisestomorethan2,000.Theresearchersdoendorsefiveofthe33roadsaspromising—goodforhumans,notsobadforthee(cuò)nvironment.Andtheyidentifythesixworstplannedroads,whichtheysayprobablyshouldnotbebuiltatall.ThestudyisinthejournalCurrentBiology.研究團(tuán)隊(duì)認(rèn)為,計(jì)劃修建的道路和鐵路將會(huì)穿越400多個(gè)保護(hù)區(qū)。假如將道路兩側(cè)的25千米的緩沖區(qū)囊括在內(nèi)——Laurance稱緩沖區(qū)新的狩獵、非法狩獵、耕作、伐木以及采礦一定如春筍般出現(xiàn)——而受到損害的保護(hù)區(qū)的數(shù)量已經(jīng)超過2023多個(gè)。研究人員批準(zhǔn),33條公路中,有5條的確是非常有前程的——對(duì)人類有益處,同時(shí)也不會(huì)破壞環(huán)境。而其中規(guī)劃最糟糕的6條道路,研究人員認(rèn)為主線就不應(yīng)當(dāng)修建。該研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在《當(dāng)代生物學(xué)》雜志上。Laurancesayswe'veseentheeffectsoframpantroad-buildingbefore:"Two-thirdsoftheworld'sforestelephantshavebeenwipedoutinthelastdecade.Andthishasactuallybeenlinkedprettyclearlywiththee(cuò)xpansionoftheroadnetworkintheCongoalready."AndthefirstpavedroadthroughtheAmazon,finishedintheearly70s,isnowa400-kilometer-widegashthroughtherainforest.ConsideringalltheattentioncarbonemissionsaregettinginParisrightnow,itmightbeworthrememberingwhereone-sixthoftheworld'semefrom:deforestation.Laurance稱我們已經(jīng)見過大肆進(jìn)行公路建設(shè)所帶來的影響:“過去十年,世界上2/3的森林大象已經(jīng)滅絕。這與剛果地區(qū)公路網(wǎng)擴(kuò)張有著明顯的關(guān)系。”穿越亞馬遜第一條公路,在70世紀(jì)初期竣工,現(xiàn)在這條公路是一條橫跨亞馬遜雨林的寬達(dá)400千米的裂縫。想想在巴黎舉辦的聯(lián)合國氣候變化大會(huì)上,碳排放吸引了所有人的注意,人們也許應(yīng)當(dāng)記住世界上1/6的溫室氣體排放來自于:森林砍伐。What’stheinfluenceofhumanconstructionsontheenvironment?What(yī)’syouropinionabouttherelationshipbetweendevelopmentandeconomics?3、MassiveSurveyCreatesAmazonTreeCensus亞馬遜森林大規(guī)模普查Some12percentoftheforestsoftheAmazonhavebeenlostinrecordedhistory.Another9to28percentwillbegoneby2050.Butwehavenotknownwhichspeciesoftreesaretakingthebiggesthits.Inpartbecauseit’ssodifficulttodothefieldworkinvolvedinspeciessurveys.亞馬遜約12%的森林已經(jīng)消失在近代歷史上,預(yù)計(jì)此外的9%到28%在2050年也會(huì)消失。但是我們尚不知道哪種物種的樹木遭受的打擊最大。部分的因素是由于涉及到物種調(diào)查方面的野外考察比較難進(jìn)行。Now,inamassiveeffort,ateamofmorethan158researchersstudied1,200plotsoftreesintheAmazon.Theyestimatedthee(cuò)ffectsofdeforestationon5,000speciesandmodeledtheimpactofdeforestationonsome10,000more.現(xiàn)在,由超過158研究人員組成的隊(duì)伍,付出了大量的努力,研究了亞馬遜1200個(gè)地區(qū)的樹木。研究人員估計(jì)了森林砍伐對(duì)5000個(gè)樹木物種的影響,并模擬了森林砍伐對(duì)約1萬多個(gè)物種的影響?!癢iththebusinessasusualscenario,roughlyhalfoftheAmazonwillbedeforestedin2050,leadingtosimilarlossesinmeanspeciesabundances.”HansterSteegeofUtrechtUniversityintheNetherlands,oneofthestudyparticipants.假如情況繼續(xù)這樣下去的話,到2050年,亞馬遜將近一半的森林會(huì)遭受砍伐,導(dǎo)致平均物種豐度缺失。HansterSteege來自于荷蘭烏得勒支大學(xué),講述了上述言論。同時(shí)也參與了該項(xiàng)研究。Thefindingsmeanthat36to57percentofAmazontree(cuò)scouldqualifyfortheInternationalUnionfortheConservationofNature’sredlistofthreat(yī)enedspecies,includingthecommerciallyvaluableBrazilNutandCacao.4、該項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果表白36%到57%的亞馬遜森林也許會(huì)列入國際自然保護(hù)聯(lián)盟瀕危物種的紅名單,這其中涉及具有商業(yè)價(jià)值的巴西堅(jiān)果和可可。NigelPittmanofChicago’sFieldMuseumalsoworkedonthestudy.“IfweweretoputontheredlistalloftheseAmazoniantreesthat(yī)aren’tcurrentlylistedbutprobablydeservetobe,thatwouldincreasethetotalnumberofthreat(yī)enedspeciesonearthbyaboutaquarter,about22percent.”TheresearchisinthejournalScienceAdvances.芝加哥菲爾德博物館的NigelPittman也參與了這項(xiàng)研究。他說,“假如我們把還沒有被列出但有也許會(huì)被列入的這些亞馬遜叢林物種列在這個(gè)紅色名單上,那么地球上瀕臨滅種的物種數(shù)目將會(huì)增長大約四分之一,大約22%吧?!痹撗芯拷Y(jié)果已發(fā)表在《科學(xué)進(jìn)展》雜志上。Butthereissomegoodnews.Governmentactionscouldslowtherat(yī)eofdeforestat(yī)ion.Also,deforestat(yī)ionhasdecreasedinrecentyears.AndhalfofAmazonianforestsalreadylieinprotectedareas.但仍有好消息。政府采用的措施會(huì)減少森林砍伐的速度。并且,近些年的砍伐率已經(jīng)呈下降趨勢(shì)。一半亞馬遜叢林已經(jīng)被劃進(jìn)保護(hù)區(qū)域。terSteege:“Thus,ifwecanprotecttheseareasfromthreatstheyface,suchasfires,degradat(yī)ion,deforestation,large-scaledamage,andmining,theAmazoncouldbeashowcaseoflarge-scaleconservationworldwide.”terSteege說:“假如我們能保護(hù)這些區(qū)域免受威脅,例如火災(zāi)、退化、森林砍伐、大規(guī)模的破壞以及采礦,亞馬遜將會(huì)成為全世界大規(guī)模保護(hù)的典范。”5、PoliticalandIndustryLeadersMakeaCaseforBasicResearch政治領(lǐng)袖及行業(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者為基礎(chǔ)研究提出充足理由“ThemessagehastobetoldtoCongressmen,themessageoftheimportanceofinvestinginbasicresearch.”JeannetteWing,corporatevicepresidentat(yī)MicrosoftResearch,October20thatasymposiumonCapitolHill.“投資基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)的重要性,這個(gè)消息必須告知國會(huì)?!敝芤哉妫④浹芯康母笨偛?是10月20號(hào)在美國國會(huì)山舉辦的研討會(huì)上說。“Theinvestmentsbythefederalgovernmentgotowardstheinnovationecosystem,andthesekindsofinvestmentsaregoodfortheeconomy,goodforglobalcompetitiveness.”“聯(lián)邦政府在創(chuàng)新生態(tài)系統(tǒng)上所做的投資,這些投資都是利于經(jīng)濟(jì)增長以及全球競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的。”Wing,alongwithotherindustryleadersandmembersofCongressfrombothpartiesgat(yī)heredatthe“Innovat(yī)ion:AnAmericanI(lǐng)mperative”symposiuminsupportofgoalsandpoliciesdelineatedinarecentreportfromtheAmericanA(yù)cademyofArtsandSciences.ThatreporttitledRestoringtheFoundation:TheVitalRoleofResearchinPreservingtheAmericanDream.周以真以及其他行業(yè)的領(lǐng)袖們以及各黨派的國會(huì)議員都參與了這次“創(chuàng)新”:美國文理科學(xué)院在近期的報(bào)告中描述的支持目的以及政策研討會(huì)。這份報(bào)告名為“恢復(fù)基礎(chǔ)”:研究在保護(hù)美國夢(mèng)方面的重要性?!埃譭havetocontinuetofurtherinnovationinoureconomythroughsmartinvestmentsinbasicR&D.”UnitedStatesSenatorfromDelawareChrisCoons,attheevent.“Becausewhetherit’spublicuniversities,cutting-edgebusinessesthat(yī)arewellestablishedorearly-stagestartups,ifwewanttosee(cuò)Americanresearchersandinnovatorspullingtogethertoachieveournationalpotentialnowandinthefuture,wehavetocommittothesecrucialinvestmentstodayandbysustainingthemforthelong-term.”“我們必須通過在基礎(chǔ)研發(fā)方面的高明的投資策略來繼續(xù)推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展?!眮碜蕴乩A州的國會(huì)議員ChrisCoons說道。“由于無論是公立大學(xué)還是尖端產(chǎn)業(yè),都是組織有序的初期創(chuàng)業(yè)公司。假如我們想看到美國的研究者們以及創(chuàng)新人員一起在現(xiàn)在以及未來實(shí)現(xiàn)國家的潛力,我們今天必須致力于重要的投資并進(jìn)行長期的投資。”6、AppleThinsiPhoneCloudConnections蘋果簡(jiǎn)化云鏈接Apple’sintroductionoftheiPhonein2023kickedoffarevolutioninpersonalinformationsharing.WitheachnewiPhoneimprovementit’seasiertotelltheworldwhereweare,whatwe’redoingandwhowe’redoingitwith.2023年蘋果推出iphone,引發(fā)個(gè)人信息共享革命。隨著每一代蘋果手機(jī)改善,更容易告訴世界我們身處何方,我們?cè)诿κ裁匆约拔覀冊(cè)谀檬謾C(jī)干什么。AbitironicthenthatAppleisleadingthechargetoreclaimprivacy.NewerversionsofiOSemphasizeencryption,tothepointwhereApplesaysitwon’tbeabletounlockitscustomers’phoneseveniflawenforcementordersthemtodoso.有點(diǎn)諷刺的是,蘋果手機(jī)率先申請(qǐng)隱私。新版本iOS強(qiáng)調(diào)隱秘,即使執(zhí)行命令命令,蘋果稱其也不能打開手機(jī)客戶端。SomeofthelatestAndroiddeviceslikewiseofferencryption.ButApplerecentlyraisedthestakes—thecompanyjustboughttwostart-upswhoseartificialintelligencetechnologyshouldgiveiPhonesgreaterindependencefromApple’sback-endserverfarms,aka“thecloud.”AndlikeonBat(yī)tlestarGallactica,ifyouavoidthenetwork,it’salotharderforyoutogethacked.一些最近的安卓系統(tǒng)也提供加密。但是最近蘋果加了碼——蘋果最近剛收購了兩個(gè)新興公司,其人工智能技術(shù)能給蘋果手機(jī)關(guān)于其后背技術(shù)更大的獨(dú)立性,即“云技術(shù)”。就像在太空堡壘卡拉狄加上,假如避免使用網(wǎng)絡(luò),那么就很難遭受黑客。Thefirststart-upiscalledPerceptio.Itsdeep-learningsoftwareessentiallymodelsthehumanbrain’sabilitytomat(yī)chpat(yī)terns.iPhonescouldthencrunchever-largeramountsofdatathemselveswithoutcallingthecloudforhelp.第一次公司叫做“Perceptio.”其深度學(xué)習(xí)的軟件模仿人類大腦匹配的能力。這樣蘋果手機(jī)自己就可以解決更大的數(shù)據(jù)而不用尋求云幫助。Thesecondstart-up,calledVocalIQ,makessoftwarethat(yī)shouldhelpSiribetterrememberitsconversationswithiPhoneusers.InsteadofhavingtogobacktotheWebwitheveryrequest,thevoice-controlleddigitalassistantwouldsometimesbeabletodipintoitsownmemoryforanswers.第二個(gè)公司叫做VocalIQ。其可以生產(chǎn)軟件,幫助Siri更好的記憶與蘋果手機(jī)用的交流。這時(shí),不用運(yùn)用請(qǐng)求指令登陸網(wǎng)絡(luò)。聲控?cái)?shù)字輔助程序有時(shí)候就可以從內(nèi)存中尋找答案。ThatabilitymightalsohelpSirisoundmorenaturalandputanendtoitsawkward,prepackagedresponses.這種能力也也許幫助Siri聲音聽起來更自然,也能結(jié)束其笨拙、預(yù)先設(shè)立的反映。7、NonpoliticalTwee(cuò)tsMayRevealPoliticalBias巧妙的語言技巧Itcanberudetotalkpoliticsoverdinner…explicitlyatleast.Butsubtlelinguisticcuesmightrevealmorethanyouthinkaboutyourpoliticalviews,whetheratthedinnertable—oronTwitter."There'salotofinformat(yī)ioninthedetailsofourlanguage."Mat(yī)thewPurver,acomputationallinguistatQueenMaryUniversityofLondon."Thelittlewordsweuse,thewaywejointogetheroursentences,andthekindofinteractionalpatterns,wherewereacttootherpeople."吃晚飯的時(shí)候談?wù)撜问欠浅2欢Y貌的——至少直言不諱談?wù)撜物@得不禮貌。但是巧妙的語言技巧不單單能反映你的政治觀點(diǎn),無論是在餐桌上——還是在社交媒體上?!霸谖覀兊恼Z言細(xì)節(jié)中存在很多的信息。”馬修·珀弗,說道。珀弗是倫敦大學(xué)瑪麗皇后學(xué)院的一名計(jì)算機(jī)語言專家?!斑@些語言細(xì)節(jié)涉及,我們使用的一些單詞的妙招,組句的方式,互動(dòng)模式,以及對(duì)其別人的反映?!保校酰騰er’sresearchteamusedTwitterastheircommunicationsforum,randomlyselecting28,000users,halfofwhomclearlyfollowedonepoliticalparty’sTwitterfeeds,forexample,@GOP,butnottheother,foramoreorlessevensplitamongRepublicansandDemocrats.Thentheyanalyzedthewordsinthoseusers'timelinesduringat(yī)wo-weekperiodinJune2023.珀弗的研究團(tuán)隊(duì)使用推特作為他們的交流平臺(tái),并隨機(jī)挑取了2800名用戶。其中有一半的用戶清楚的追隨某一政黨推特博主,例如@GOP(共和黨),但是另一半人,至少或多或少能將共和黨和民主黨區(qū)分開來。然后他們分析了這些用戶在2023年6月兩周內(nèi)發(fā)布的信息。Asyoumightexpect,thetweetsofuserswhofollowedRepublicanaccountswerealotmorelikelytocontainwordslike"obamacare"and"benghazi,"whereas"bridgegate"cameupmoreamongDemocraticfollowers.正如所料,追隨共和黨推特賬戶的一些用戶,他們的推文中更也許具有一些類似于“奧巴馬醫(yī)改計(jì)劃”“benghazi”這樣的詞匯。一些民主黨的追隨者的博文也許會(huì)出現(xiàn)“bridgegat(yī)e”這樣的詞語。Buttheresearchersalsofoundthattheleft-leanersweremuchmorelikelytousewordslikesh#&andfu@$thanweretherighties.AndwhereasRepublicanfollowerspreferredpluralpronounslike"we"or"us,"Democrat(yī)icfollowersusedmoresingularpronouns,like"I"or"me."、研究人員們還發(fā)現(xiàn),左翼人士比右翼更有也許用該死的,我靠這類罵人的詞匯。然而,共和黨的粉絲偏好復(fù)數(shù)代詞比如我們,民主黨的則更多用單數(shù)形式,比如我。Thatpronounusecouldreflectpreviousworkonhowpeopleontherightandleftforgetheirpoliticalviews."Peopleontherightendofthepoliticalspectrumaremorelikelytobeconcernedwithgroupconformity.Whereaspeoplewhotendtobeontheleftareperhapsmorelikelytosee(cuò)theirmoralsortheirvaluesderivingfromindividualisticideas,ifyoulike."ThestudyisinthejournalPLoSONE.這種代詞的使用能反映出這些政黨們之前的工作對(duì)這些左翼以及右翼人士形成自己政治觀點(diǎn)的影響?!罢沃鲝埰业娜耍苍S關(guān)注群體一致性。但是偏向左翼的人士更有也許從個(gè)人主義思想來展示自己的道德觀和價(jià)值觀?!痹撗芯砍晒l(fā)表在《PLoSONE》雜志上。Ofcourse,justfollowingapoliticalaccountisnotproofofpoliticalbelief.Butthesefindingssuggestthatalgorithmsmayincreasinglybeabletoreadbetwee(cuò)nthelines,detectingnuancesinhumancommunicationthatevenwehumanscan'tperceive.當(dāng)然,關(guān)注一些政治類的博主并不代表你的政治信仰。但是這些研究結(jié)果表白可以越來越多的應(yīng)用算法來讀取字里行間的含義,并察覺到一些我們尚未意識(shí)到的人類交流中的細(xì)微差別。8、Apple,GoogleSay‘DropThatDonut!’Apple,Googleandothertechcompanieshavespentyearsgat(yī)heringinfoaboutyourpurchasinghabits,entertainmentpreferencesandsocialcircles.Theywanttoknowwhatmakesyoutick.Nowtheyalsowanttoknowaboutyouractualticker.Thetechfirmsaretargetingyourvitalsignswithhealthappsandonlinedat(yī)arepositories.蘋果,谷歌和其他科技公司花費(fèi)數(shù)年來記錄你的購買習(xí)慣,娛樂偏好和社交圈子。他們想知道什么使你做出這樣的選擇?,F(xiàn)在他們想知道你真正的選擇標(biāo)準(zhǔn)??萍脊緜兺ㄟ^醫(yī)療健康移動(dòng)應(yīng)用程序和在線數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)庫來擬定你的生命特性。Apple’snewHealthappwillgat(yī)herbloodpressure,heartrate,andstat(yī)sondietandexercisefromanynumberofmobileappsandfitnessdevices,includingNike+wearables.Applemayevenstartsellingitsownwristwatch-likehealth-monitoringdevicethisfall,alongthelinesofSamsung’sGearFitanditsupcomingSimband.蘋果新的醫(yī)療健康移動(dòng)應(yīng)用程序?qū)?huì)從大量移動(dòng)應(yīng)用和健身器材中收集你的血壓,心跳,飲食和鍛煉情況,涉及耐克的運(yùn)動(dòng)追蹤器。蘋果甚至也許會(huì)在今年秋天開始銷售自己的健康監(jiān)測(cè)手表,類似于三星已經(jīng)推出銷售的的GearFit智能手表和三星即將上市的Simband健康腕帶。GooglemaychallengeApplewithitsownGoogleFithealthservice.ThiseffortwouldbeGoogle’ssecondcrackatahealthinfoportal,aftershutteringGoogleHealthinJanuary2023duetolackofinterest.谷歌也許會(huì)用它計(jì)劃推出的一項(xiàng)名GoogleFit的健康服務(wù)來挑戰(zhàn)蘋果新的醫(yī)療健康移動(dòng)應(yīng)用程序。這將是谷歌的谷歌健康平臺(tái)因不太被關(guān)注而在2023年1月被關(guān)閉后,谷歌對(duì)健康信息門戶的第二次重拳出擊。Meanwhile,Microsoft,whichmaysoonofferitsownheart-monitoringsmartwat(yī)ch,hasoffereditssimilarHealthVaultservicesince2023.與此同時(shí),微軟也許不久就會(huì)推出它自己的心臟監(jiān)測(cè)智能手表,微軟早在2023年已經(jīng)推出了與此類似的健康儲(chǔ)藏庫服務(wù)。Thesesystemsencouragethepurchaseofmoreproductsandservicesthatpromoteahealthylifestyle.Which,ofcourse,upstheoddsthattheircustomerswillstickaroundforawhile.—LarryGreenemeier這些系統(tǒng)能更好地促進(jìn)更多推動(dòng)健康生活方式的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的銷售。當(dāng)然這也決定于它們的顧客堅(jiān)持一段時(shí)間的也許性。9、PlummetingPetroleumPriceGasesUpGlobalWarming油價(jià)暴跌導(dǎo)致燃?xì)饧觿∪蜃兣疪ememberwhenabarrelofoilcostmorethan$140?Thatwaswaybackin2023.Nowadays,carsandtruckshavebeenmadetogofartheronlessfuel.Alternativeslikeethanolhaveboomed.AndfrackinghasunleashedafloodofoilformerlytrappedinshalerockunderneathNorthDakota,amongotherplaces.還記得一桶石油價(jià)格140多美元的時(shí)候嗎?那是在2023年。如今,汽車和卡車都可以用很少的燃料走更遠(yuǎn)的路。乙醇等替代能源蓬勃發(fā)展。液壓破碎法將原本困在北達(dá)科他州及其他地區(qū)頁巖下的石油大量釋放出來。Asaresult,oilpriceshavefallen—far.Thepriceofabarrelofoilhasdroppedbelow$60.因此石油價(jià)格已遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)下降。每桶石油價(jià)格已跌破60美元。Butwhat’sgoodnewsfordriversisbadnewsfortheglobalbidtocutclimatechangingpollution.Burningoilinvehiclesisthesecondlargestsourceoffossilfuelpollution.雖然對(duì)司機(jī)來說這是好消息,但對(duì)全球招標(biāo)減排溫室氣體來說卻是壞消息。車輛燃油是化石燃料污染的第二大來源。It'salsobadnewsforalternatives,likenewfacilitiesthatturncornstalksintoethanol.Hybridsandelectriccarsarelesspopularwhengasischeaper.Infact,thesport-utilityvehiclesofyesteryeararestagingacomeback.對(duì)替代品來說這也是壞消息,比如將玉米秸稈轉(zhuǎn)化為乙醇的新設(shè)備。汽油變便宜,勢(shì)必導(dǎo)致混合動(dòng)力汽車和電動(dòng)汽車市場(chǎng)的蕭條。事實(shí)上,去年運(yùn)動(dòng)型越野車已卷土重來。Butbackonthegoodnewsfront:afallingpriceofoilreducestheincentivetodoexpensivethingstogettheliquidfossilfuel—liked

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