2020中考英語專題講練定語從句

中考英語專題講練：定語從句解版定語從知精一定在復合句中修飾名詞或代詞的句叫定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞常位于定語從句之前。引導定語從句的有關系代詞who,whom,that等關系副詞where,when,why等關系代詞和關系詞，既起到連接作用，又在定語從句中擔任句子成份?？偨Y定語從句的一般結構為：先行+關詞+定從句。一、關系代詞關代詞指代先行詞，在從句中作主語，賓語或表語，基本用法如下表：關

作

先詞

例詞Thisisboywhome.這是幫我的那個男孩。I(who/Igot

主語/賓語

人

ain昨天在購物中心巧遇到了那位我在一次聚會上認識的教授。Thewhomwaitingforhome.whom

賓語

人你等那個人已經回家了。

主語/賓語

人或物

Thisispenwriteswell.這那支很好寫的筆。

Thisispenyouwant.這是你想要的鋼筆。ThetallestplayerthatfootballforourteamisfromFujian.在為我們隊踢足球的最高哪個運動來自福建。Theroominwhichthereaworkshop.有個機器的房間是車間。which

主語/賓語

物Thewhichinfrontofmyisvery從我家前面流過的河流非常清澈。

定語

人或物

Theroommine.藍色房門的那個房間是我的房間。注意：一般情況下既以人又可指物，可以代替whom和which在句子中充當主語，賓語或表語指，在從句中也做主語，賓語或表語，所以which和在指物時，大多時候可以互換，如：ThisisthatIwhichIlike這就是我最喜歡的電影。關代詞的省略一般情況下關系代詞作賓語時以省略若關系代詞在從句中作介詞賓語且介詞在關系代詞前，不能省略，如：I’llneverthatwespenttogether.我永遠都不會忘記與你共度的時光略）Illforgetthedaywhichmet我永遠不會忘記我們初次見面那一天可?。┒?、關系副詞

關

作詞狀語

先時間

例詞I'llforgetthewhenIyouforfirst我永遠不會忘記初次見你的那一天。

狀語

地點

Thisisplacewherewehavelivedfor5這就是我們住了五年的地方。

狀語

原因

Idon’tknowreasonwhyhe注：關系代詞不同關副詞在從句中作狀語語并不是句子必須成分所以即使沒有關系副詞從句的內容也整這關系副詞與關系代詞最大的不同是們選題的關鍵。同時，關系副詞大多可以拆分成介+which的式，如：ThisiswhereLuxunoncewhichLuxunoncelived.這是魯迅曾經住過的房子。三剖一重點定語從句考查形式比較單一單一般考關系詞的選擇按上表我們很容易根據先行詞判斷出關系詞選誰最合適中系統(tǒng)講解定語從句以我們在初中階段還要了解從句中的各個成分，為之后的學習做好準備。二易點前文我們提到若先行詞為物，關系詞可以用that或which，而且大多數可互換。但以下幾種情況，必須用that引定語從：先詞是不定代詞few,little,much,something,anything等，如：AllhavetoEnglish.我們要做的事情就是去練習英語。先詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級所修飾，如：

ThefirstIgotfromhimwillbekept.我收到他的第一封信將會被保存起來。先詞被all,each,few,little,no,等飾，如：I'veallthatme.我把你給我的所有事物都吃光了。先詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,飾時，如：HeonlypersonthatItalkwith.他是我唯一想與之交談的人。先詞既有人又有物時，如aboutpersonsandmet.他們談論了他們見到的人和事。題精題一關代例1.1.1---Whatshallwedonext?---Taketheadvice_________isgivenbyDr.A．who

B．which

C．whose

．whom例1.1.2ThePalaceMuseumisplace_________’evervisited.A．who

B．when

C．that

．where例1.1.3完句子1.你什么要對自己說的嗎？Doyouhave__________________youwanttosayforyourself?2.這我父親曾經住過的房子。Thisisahousein_________myfatheronce題二關副

例1.2.1Thisistheprimaryschool_________Istudiedthreeyearsago.A．where

B．when

C．that

．which例1.2.2Doyourememberthedays_________wespentSanya?A．when

B．that

C．what

．where例1.2.3完句子你知道他缺席的原因嗎？Doyouknowthereason_________heisabsent?隨練隨1.1Thesecondbook_________IwanttoreadisBusiness@SpeedofThought.A．which

B．what

C．that

．as隨1.2Thebook_________issoldoutatthemoment.A．youneedB．whatyouneedC．whichyouneed．thatyouneed隨1.3完句子1.人都喜歡那些有禮貌的人。Peoplealllikethose_________havemanners.2.這我障礙尋找的那本書。Thisisthebook_________’lookingfor.3.這我看過的最有趣的電影。Thisis__________________interesting__________________’seen.4.我記得第一次來北京的那一天。Istillremembertheday_________IfirstcametoBeijing.5.你告訴我他上班的辦公室嗎？Canyoutellmetheoffice_________heworks?隨1.4I'llneverforgetthedays_________stayedwithA．whenC．that

B．inwhich．forwhich

隨1.5Istheplace_________Lincolnoncelived.A．that

B．which

C．where

．when作---Doyouknowtheman_________istalkingwithyourfather?---Yes,’ourheadmaster.A．he

B．who

C．which

．whom作Istheriver_________Icanswim?A．whichC．that

B．inwhich．the作Thisisthehotelinthecity_________Iknow.A．where

B．which

C．that

．it作Hersister,_________youmetatmyhome,wasateacherofEnglish.A．whom

B．that

C．which

．whois作Thesebooksarestudents_________motherlanguageisnotEnglish.A．ofwhomC．which

B．that．whose作完句子1.有些想去海南度假的人。Therearesome_________wanttohaveaholidayinHainan.2.剛天空中一閃而過的是什么？What’that_________intheskyjustnow.3.這去武漢的最后一趟火車。Thetrainis___________________________willgotoWuhan.4.我遠都不會忘記我在北京度過的那些日子。I’neverforgetthedays_________spentin5.中是風箏的故鄉(xiāng)，從這里放風箏傳到了日本、朝鮮、泰國和印度。Chinaisthebirthplacekites,from_________flyingspreadstoJapan,Korea,

ThailandandIndia.答案解定語從題精題一關代例1.1.1【答案】【解析】考定語從句關系代選擇。先行詞為，排除；又從句缺主語而不是定語，故選B。例1.1.2【答案】【解析】考定語從句關系代選擇先根據從句缺少賓語所以要選擇關系代詞作賓語，又先行詞被best修，故選。例1.1.3【答案】1.something;that【解析】

考定語從句先詞和關系詞。這里對自己說話的內容不確定，所以要用做行詞，那么關系詞一定要用?？缄P系代詞選詞用或that在介詞后用。題二關副例1.2.1

【答案】【解析】考關系副詞的選擇從句是完整的句子，選關系副詞，排除；先行詞為school為地點，故選A。例1.2.2【答案】【解析】考關系副詞和關系詞區(qū)分。雖然先行詞為時間，但并不一定選，我們看到從句中缺少spent的賓語，故選B例1.2.3【答案】why【解析】考關系副詞的選擇從句句子完整，要填關系副詞，又先行詞reason所以填why。隨練隨1.1【答案】【解析】考查關系代詞的選擇先行詞被數詞修飾時要用that引導定語從句，故選。隨1.2【答案】【解析】考定語從句的運用定語從句關系詞中沒有，先排除CD中的多余，故選A。隨1.3【答案】1.whothat/whichthemost;thatwhen【解析】考查關系代詞。從句缺少主語，再結合語境，此處指那些人，所以填

who?？缄P系代詞。句缺少賓語，需要關系代詞；又先行詞為，以填和都可以?？缄P系代詞。高級修飾只能用that?？缄P系副詞。句成分完整，填關系副詞，先行詞為表間，故填。考關系副詞。句中動詞為work，不物動詞，所以不缺賓語，用關系副詞；又先行詞為office，地點，故填where。隨1.4【答案】【解析】考查關系副詞的選擇本題從句完整，要選關系副詞；先行詞指時間，故A。隨1.5【答案】【解析】考關系副詞的選擇live一為不及物動詞，不能直接跟賓語，所以要選關系副詞，排除AB；又本題行詞為地點，故選。課作作【答案】【解析】考關系代詞的選擇從句缺主語，選關系代詞；又先行詞是人，故選B。作【答案】【解析】考查關系代詞的選擇從句為完整句子，要選關系副詞，選項中沒有關系副詞，B選表示“在河里”能夠表達相同的意思，故選B。作【答案】【解析】考關系代詞的選擇從句缺少賓語，選關系代詞，排除；又先行詞被最高級best修，故選。作

【答案】【解析】考關系代詞的選擇句先行詞為人在從句中作賓語whom故選。作【答案】【解析】考查系代詞的選擇導的定語從句中用定語…符合題意，故選。作【答案】1.whothelastonethatthat【解析】1.考查關系代詞。從句缺主語，選關系代；又先行詞是人，所以用ho?？缄P系代詞句缺少主語行詞為物和都以又先行詞為that，避免重復造成歧義，所以填which考關系代詞。行詞中包含las的，只能用that?？缄P系代詞和系副詞的區(qū)分句spent明顯缺少賓語所以盡管先行詞是時間做事物看待，故填that。考關系代詞。詞后只能用來指代行詞。一英閱理專練試1．閱讀理解My10-year-oldDonnasaid,“Mom,Ihadnewfriendschooltoday.Cansheovertomorrow?wasashyandIwantedtomakefriendstobringoutofhershell.“Sure,honey,thatsoundsgreat,”Isaid,thinkingbacktobestfriend,Lillian.WelivedacrossthestreetfromeachotherinWashingtonHeights,NewYork.Wemetattheageof

10,too.Likemydaughter,Iwasshy,butLilliandrewout.Shewasthefriendliestpeopleinschool,withshinyblackhairandamile-widesmile.Inseniorhighschool,LillianonatriptoFlorida.Thiswasfirsttimewetobeawayfromotherforafewbebacksoon,”shetoldme.Butthreelater,Lillian'ssistertoldthatfallenriverandhadn'tcomeoutmore.Soon,myfamilymovedJersey.WheneverIthoughtofher,tearscameintoeyes.ThenextdayDonnabroughthernewfriendhome.“Hi,Mrs.Loggia,girlsaid.Herhairwassoshinyandblackshotbigsmile.“MynameisLaura.Mydaughter'snewfriendwassomuchLillian.Iwasstillpuzzled迷whenLaura'smomtopickheruplaterthatafternoon.Iopenedthedoortolether“Judy!shecried.“It'sme,Lillian'ssister,fromWashingtonHeights.”Yes,mydaughter'sfriendlookedfamiliar.ShewasLillian'sniece.（）underlinedinthefirstparagraphbringofshell”mean.A.helplessshytotohelpherlivehappilyhelpoutofhouse（）lookedfamiliarthewriterbecauseshe.A.wasLillian'snieceB.wasasoldherdaughterfromWashingtonHeightsD.hadshinyblackandabigsmile,too（）thewriterbestfriend?Because.A.JerseyB.theydifferentfromeachotherherbestfriendtravelledFloridaherbestfriendlostherlifeontrip（knewwewouldbefriendsforever.”isfromthepassageandshouldputattheendof.A.Paragraph2Paragraph3Paragraph4D.Paragraph5（）can推fromthepassagethat.A.thewriterisoutgoingnowB.LaurahelpsalotLauraandareofthesameageJudymovedtoNewJerseybecauseofLillian'sdeath【答案）A（）（）（）（）【解析析大意：本文主要講的是女兒Donna邀朋友來家里做客的事情讓媽

媽想起了自己小時候的朋友的故事。（）斷題。據句子Donnawasashy可，作者想讓唐娜通過結交朋友而變得活潑開朗。故選。（）節(jié)題。據Yes,mydaughter'sfriendlookedfamiliar.ShewasLillian's可，勞拉看起來很眼熟是因為她是作者朋友的侄女。故選A。（細理解題句子Lillian'ssistermethatfallenriverandhadn'tcomeout可，作者的好朋友在去旅游的時候，掉進河里失去了生命。故選D。（）理斷。根據第二段內容可知，本段主要介紹了作者童年朋友Lillian，可知此處放knewbestfriends我會是永遠的朋友結尾非常合適。故選A。（推斷題據daughter,Iwasshy,butLilliandrewme可者過去很害羞，現(xiàn)在很外向。故選。【點評】考查閱讀理解文涉及細節(jié)題、推斷題兩種常考題型節(jié)要注意從文中尋找答案；推斷題需要聯(lián)系上下文，推斷出需要的信息。2．閱讀下列短文，從下面每題的、、、四個選項中選出最佳答案。happenedmanyyearsbutIstillrememberclearly.ThatdayIwasinvitedworkasacontestjudge評委atacollege.ofstudentsgivenapiecepapertopiconfirstspeaklookedaunhappy.fellowstudentsandrespectedjudges,hesaidloudly,“thisisunfair不公平的contest!“Ihavegiventhispaper,continued,“toonatopicwithjustafewminutes’preparationwhilethosecomingafterhavetimetoworkontheirspeeches!”Heleftthestageoutthehall.Imethimlaterchance.sayslifeisfair?”Ihimasmile,andIhimtowalkwithmetomycar.“Haveyouseenthenumberstheyshowanewcarbeingintroducedintothemarket,sayinghoweconomic經濟的)is?“Yes,”henoddedtheyalineafterthesenumbers.Theysaythenumbersareideal(理想的conditions!”“Yes,saidagain.showmesomeidealconditions?Iaskedandhesmiled.“Thecarthatsellswellthethatwillprovidepowerandspeedonworstroads.Thatthewinner!”Wehadreachedcar.“Don’tlookforidealcontestconditions,Isaid.“Fightunfairoutwinner!IlookedbackasIdrovesmileandwaveto（）thestudentsaycontestwasunfair?

A.Becauseonlyajudgeforit.B.othercontestantshadmoretimetoprepareforit.Becauseothercontestants’topicseasier.hedidn’tthe（）kindofcaristhewinner?A.Thecarhasandspeedonworstroads.B.carthatisexpensive.Thecarthatischeap.Thecarhasidealroadconditions.（）doyouthinkofwriter?A.Strict.B.Clever.C.Helpful.D.Popular.（）thestudentdonext?A.thewritermorequestions.Continuecomplainabouttheunfairthings.Takepartinanothercontest.Fightunfairfromnow【答案】（）（）（）（）【解析析短文大意：作者擔任評委時遇到了一位選手，他因為質疑比賽條件的公平性而退出比賽在二次遇到時者給他講了關于車在惡劣環(huán)境中贏得冠軍的事實此告訴他只有直面不公平，贏得勝利，才是真正的冠軍。（）節(jié)理解。從“thisisanunfair不平contest!“Ihavegiventhispaper,continued,“toatopicwithjustafewminutes’whilethoseafterhavemoretimetoworkonspeeches!可他說不平是因為后面的人比他有更多的時間去準備演講，故選。（細理解題從“carthatsellswellistheonethatwillprovidespeedontheworstroads.Thatcariswinner!可選A。（）節(jié)斷。作者在偶然遇到生氣離開的參賽者后，為了告訴他生活中沒有對的公平要著與不公平作斗爭并成為勝者的道理是帶著他討論車的問題從中可以看出作者是個熱心的人，故選C。

（細節(jié)理解Fighttheandcomeoutawinner!”Ilookedassawsmileandwaveto可知這個男孩聽進去了作者的話，以后會與不公平作斗爭，故選?！军c評考查對篇章的把握和對節(jié)的識別能力題時注意緊扣問題中的關鍵詞在文章中尋找答案。3．閱讀理解ChineseFarmers'Harvest(收，收割FestivalisfirstfestivalinChinaforfarmers.Thefestivalstartingfrom2018,fallsontheAutumnalEquinox秋)eachyear.TheAutumnalEquinoxisonethesolarterms(節(jié)氣oftheChineselunarcalendarandusuallyfallsbetweenSeptember22nd24th,duringthecountry'sharvestseason.Asknow,Chinahasthelargestpopulationalltheworld.wasdifficulttofeedlargestpopulationinthepast.Afterreformandopening(改革開)withdevelopmentmodernagriculture(農),people'slifeisgettingbetterandbetter,andtheirlivingconditionshaveimprovedalot.ChineseFarmers'HarvestFestivalshowsthatourgovernmentpayingmoreattentiontoagricultureandfarmers'willgreatlyencouragefarmerstofarmanddevelopfurthermodemagriculture.Chinahasalonghistoryofagriculture.ChineseFarmers'HarvestFestival,theculturalsymbol,helpstoshowChina'slongfarmingculturetotheworld.ItalsoconnectstheexcellenttraditionalChineseculturemodemcivilization明andimprovestheculturalself-confidencenationalpride.Sincefestivalisespeciallycreatedforfarmers,areencouragedtotheirownwaystocelebrateharvest.activitiesareheldacrossthecountry,butmostofthecelebrationswilltakeplaceatalocallevelthatcomesfromlocalcustoms.Also,localgovernmentusuallyhostskindsactivitiesforfestival,suchasfolkcultureperformances,tastingandsoon.Somepeoplethinkthefestivalthehappiesttimeofayear,evenbetterthantheSpringFestival,becausefoodgivespeoplesensesafetyandhope.Forotherpeople,theharvestfestivalistimetolookbackatthepastlookforwardtofuture.（）probablycelebratetheChineseFarmers'HarvestFestival______________.

A.SeptemberSeptemberSeptember25thD.October1st（）mainpurposesthatChineseFarmers'HarvestFestivalwascreateddon'tinclude_______.A.showinglonghistoryoffarmingcultureofChinaB.improvingChineseculturalself-confidenceandnationalprideencouragingChinesefarmersgiveuplocalcustomsconnectingthetraditionalChineseculturemodemcivilization（）canlearnfromthethirdparagraphthat______________________.A.thecelebrationsbedifferentlylocalcustomsB.countriescelebrateFanners'HarvestFestivaltheFarmers'HarvestFestivalistheChinesetraditionalfestivalsTheFarmers'HarvestFestivaliscreatedforbothfarmersand（）offollowingaccordingthepassage?A.TheFarmers'HarvestFestivalondifferentdaysindifferentareasChina.B.Farmers'HarvestFestivalisbesttimetoharvest莊稼inworld.TheFarmers'HarvestFestivalhasbeencelebratedtwiceinourcountrysofar.China'smodemagriculturegreatlydevelopedbecauseofandopening.【答案】（）（）（）（）【解析析文章大意：短文介紹了中國的首屆中國農民豐收節(jié)。節(jié)日定語中國的二十四解氣的秋分這節(jié)日是為農創(chuàng)建的鼓他們用自己的方式慶祝收獲農認為這個節(jié)日是他們一年中最快樂的時候。（）節(jié)理解，根據heAutumnalEquinoxonethe24solarterms(節(jié)氣)ofChineselunarcalendarandusuallyfallsbetweenSeptember22ndand24th,可，秋分在月22日24日的某一天，所以慶祝豐收節(jié)應該在這事件范圍內。故答案是。（）節(jié)理解，根據Someactivitiesareheldacrossthecountry,butmostofthecelebrationstakeplaceatalocallevelthatcomesfromlocalcustoms.Also,localgovernmentusuallyhostsallkindsofactivitiesforthefestival,suchasfolkcultureperformances,foodtastingandon.可C的述絕對錯誤，故答案是。（）節(jié)理解，根據ofthecelebrationswilltakeplacealocallevelthatcomesfromlocalcustoms.可知，慶祝活動應基于當地風土人情，故答案是。（）誤判斷，根據Afterreformandopening(改開放,withdevelopmentof

modernagriculture(農業(yè)),people'sgettingbetterandbetter,andtheirlivingconditionshaveimprovedalot.ChineseFarmers'HarvestFestivalshowsthatour可，因為改革開放，中國的現(xiàn)代農業(yè)取得了很大的成就，故答案是?！军c評考查閱讀理解本文涉及到了細節(jié)理解題和正誤判斷題節(jié)理解題一般可知直接在文中找到答案，正誤判斷題也是細節(jié)理解題的一種，也是基于短文內容進行判斷的。4．閱讀短文，從每題所給的A、、和D四選項中，選出最佳選項。BlueLightningSallycarsmorethananythingelse.Thisspringshethoughtofbuildingago-kartenterfortheGo-GoRace.sheherfor"Well,"hesaid."Howaboutthis:youdosomeresearchfirsttomewithadesign."Aweeklater,SallybroughthernotesanddrawingstoShehergo-kart"BlueLightning".Dadlookedoverherwork,thinking."Well,that'sinteresting,"hesaid.atry.JustbuildLightningyou'vedesigned."Overthreeofhardwork,turnedherdesignintoareal,workinggo-kartandpaintedlightblue.hertakeforatestdrive.Sallyagreed.AfterdidSallydrovetoDad."Well,"said."NowIwhyyouwantedtoatestdrive.""Oh,dohesaid."Pleaseshare."Ifast,therealotofpushback,"shesaid.thinkit'sbecauseofthelightningbolt閃shape.""Verygood!"Dadsaid."So,whydidn'tyouaboutthatprobleminthefirstplace?"asked.Dadlaughed.thefuninthat?Ifyougiveamanafish,he'lleatforaday.Butifteachtohe'lleatforlifetime."Sallysaid,see.designingishalfthefun!"Dadsmiled."Good.Sometimes,learninghappensduringtheprocess.Welearntodosomethingrightbydoingtimesfirstandmakingmistakesalongway."

Thatencouragedandsheworkedevenharder.WhensheDadnewgo-kart,henoddedwithpride.Finallycametherace.wasn'tworriedaboutsheinhermind,hadalreadywon,bybuildingbetterthanbefore.（）thoughtofbuildingago-kart________.A.practicedrivingenterforaraceC.playwithfriendsdosomeresearch（）didSally'sdadaskafterbuiltthego-kart?A.havetestdrive.B.Totakegoodrest.Togiveitcoolname.D.Topaintitlightblue.（）storymainlytellsusthat________.A.winningaraceisimportantfishingbringsusalotfundrivingexperienceisnecessarylearninghappensduringprocess【答案】（）（）（）【解析析文章大意：本文主要講述在過程中學習，我們通過做某事數次，然后發(fā)現(xiàn)錯誤，最后學會怎樣正確地做某事。（）節(jié)題。據Thisspringthoughtofbuildingago-kartenterfortheGo-GoRace.可知她想造卡丁車參加比賽，故選。（細題據Dadaskedhertakeforatestdrive.造好卡丁車后爸叫她進行測試駕，故選A。（）旨題。章主要講述我們通過做某事數次，然后發(fā)現(xiàn)錯誤，最后學會怎樣確地做某事，在過程中學習，故選?！军c評】細節(jié)題和主旨題是閱讀理解題中常考題型。細節(jié)題要從文中尋找答案；主旨題需要通讀全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。5．閱讀理解Whatproblemsdotheteenagersprobablyhave?Hereisasurveyshow