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2022年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語一真題
一、SectionIUseofEnglish
1.Directions:
TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.Writeyourtranslationon
theANSWERSHEET.
Theideathatplantshavesomedegreeofconsciousnessfirsttook
rootintheearly2000s;theterm“plantneurobiology”was
[Al]aroundthenotionthatsomeaspectsofplantbehavior
couldbe[A2]___tointelligenceinanimals.[A3]
plantslackbrains,thefiringofelectricalsignalsintheirstems
andleavesnonethelesstriggeredresponsesthat____[A4]
consciousness,researcherspreviouslyreported.
Butsuchanideaisuntrue,accordingtoanewopinionarticle.Plant
biologyiscomplexandfascinating,butit[A5]___sogreatly
fromthatofanimalsthatso-called____[A6]____ofplants'
intelligenceisinconclusive,theauthorswrote.
Beginningin2006,somescientistshave____[A7]____thatplants
possessneuron-likecellsthatinteractwithhormonesand
neurotransmitters,___[A8]____"aplantnervoussystem,
[A9]___tothatinanimals,“saidleadstudyauthorLincolnTaiz,
“They____[A10]____claimedthatplantshave'brain-likecommand
centers'attheirroottips.”
This___[A12]____makessenseifyousimplifytheworkingsofa
complexbrain,LA12]___ittoanarrayofelectricalpulses;
cellsinplantsalsocommunicatethroughelectricalsignals.
[A131___,thesignalinginaplantisonly[A14]____similar
tothefiringinacomplexanimalbrain,whichismorethan“amass
ofcellsthatcommunicatebyelectricity,Taizsaid.
“Forconsciousnesstoevolve,abrainwithathreshold—[A15]
ofcomplexityandcapacityisrequired,he[A16].”
Sinceplantsdon,thavenervoussystems,the[A17]that
theyhaveconsciousnessareeffectivelyzero.”
Andwhat'ssogreataboutconsciousness,anyway?Plantscan,trun
awayfrom___[A18]____,soinvestingenergyinabodysystemwhich
1A19]___athreatandcanfeelpainwouldbeavery____
[A20]____evolutionarystrategy,accordingtothearticle.
(1).[Al]
A.coinedJ
B.discovered
C.collected
D.issued
邏輯關(guān)系題。分號提示分號前后語義一致。根據(jù)分號前的first(首次)和
tookroot(生根)可知,plantshavesomedegreeofconsciousness(植物
有某種程度的意識)在當(dāng)時是種新思想。據(jù)此推斷,theterm"plant
neurobiology是個新概念。A項coined表示"創(chuàng)造(新詞語)”,代入后符
合原文語義。所以,本題答案為A項。
(2).[A2]
A.attributed
B.directed
C.comparedJ
D.confined
固定搭配題。分號提示分號前后語義一致。根據(jù)分號前plantshavesome
degreeofconsciousness(植物有某種程度的意識)可知:植物有意識。這種
意識與空白處后的intelligenceinanimals(動物的智力)二者存在相似
性。C項compared與to構(gòu)成固定搭配,表示”表明...與....相似;將....比
作“,代入后符合原文語義。所以,本題答案為C項。
(3).[A3]
A.Unless
B.When
C.Once
D.ThoughJ
邏輯關(guān)系題。本題考查句內(nèi)邏輯關(guān)系,比較本句前后兩個半句語義,即plants
lackbrains(植物缺乏大腦)和thefiringofelectricalsignalsin
theirstemsandleavesnonethelesstriggeredresponses(然而,莖和葉
發(fā)射的電信號觸發(fā)了反應(yīng)),可知二者存在語義相反。D項Though(雖然,盡
管)提示讓步關(guān)系,屬于語義相反,符合原文邏輯關(guān)系。所以,本題答案為D
項。
干擾項:A項Unless(除非),B項When(當(dāng)...時),C項Once(一旦),
均不符合原文語義和邏輯關(guān)系。
(4).[A4]
A.copedwith
B.consistedof
C.hintedatV
D.extendedto
固定搭配題。根據(jù)空白處前后的responses(反應(yīng))和consciousness(感覺;
意識)語義可知,前者是后者的一種信號。C項hintedat為固定搭配,表示
“暗示,透露”,代入后符合原文語義。所以,本題答案為C項。
干擾項:A項copedwith(處理,對付),B項consistedof(由...構(gòu)
成),D項extendedto(將范圍擴(kuò)大至...)均不符合原文語義。
(5).[A5]
A.suffers
B.benefits
C.develops
D.differsJ
語境題。根據(jù)本段段首suchanideaisuntrue對上段觀點(植物意識和動物
智力存在相似性)的否定可知:植物意識和動物智力并不相似。所以,本題所
考查的it(指代Plantbiology)和thatofanimals(that指代biology)
之間的語義關(guān)系為二者相異。D項differs(相異,不同于)代入后符合原文語
義和邏輯關(guān)系。所以,本題答案為D項。
干擾項:A項suffers(受苦,受難),B項benefits(得益于),C項
develops(發(fā)展,變化)均不符合原文語義和邏輯關(guān)系。
(6).[A6]
A.acceptance
B.evidenceV
C.cultivation
D.creation
語境題。上句suchanideaisuntrue是對上段末句(植物的反應(yīng)體現(xiàn)其意
識)的否定,也就是說,本段主要觀點為:植物沒有意識(智力)。本句so-
called6ofplants,intelligenceisinconclusive(所謂的“植物智力”
的6是沒有說服力的)也需與本段主要觀點保持一致。B項evidence(證據(jù))
代入后符合原文語義。所以,本題答案為B項。
干擾項:A項acceptance(同意,認(rèn)可),C項cultivation(種植,栽培),
D項creation(創(chuàng)造)均不符合原文語義。
(7).[A7]
A.doubted
B.denied
C.arguedV
D.requested
語境題。比較本句scientistshave7thatplantspossessneuron-like
cellsthat-(科學(xué)家們一直7植物具有……神經(jīng)元樣細(xì)胞)和下句They10
claimedthatplantshave'brain-likecommandcenters'...(他們10
聲稱植物……有“大腦般的指揮中心”),可知,二者結(jié)構(gòu)相似:scientists
和They,后者指代前者,二者同義;plants原詞復(fù)現(xiàn);possess(擁有)與have
二者同義。所以,空白處語義與下句對應(yīng)位置的claimed(聲稱)語義相近。C
項argued(主張,提出理由說明)符合原文語義。所以,本題答案為C項。
干擾項:A項doubted(懷疑),B項denied(否認(rèn)),D項requested(要
求),均不符合原文語義。
(8).[A8]
A.adapting
B.formingV
C.repairing
D.testing
語境題。比較空白處前neuronTikecellsthat…(...神經(jīng)元樣細(xì)胞)和空
白處后aplantnervoussystem(植物神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)),可知,前者是后者的構(gòu)成
要素。B項forming(使形成)代入后符合原文語義。所以,本題答案為B項。
干擾項:A項adapting(使適應(yīng)),C項repairing(補救,糾正)和D項
testing(測驗,考查)均不符合原文語義。
(9).[A9]
A.analogousV
B.essential
C.suitable
D.sensitive
語境題。比較空白處前aplantnervoussystem(植物神經(jīng)系統(tǒng))和空白處后
thatinanimals(動物的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng),其中,that指代anervoussystem)可
知,二者同為神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)。A項analogous表示“相似的,類似的“,代入后符
合原文語義。所以,本題答案為A項。
干擾項:B項essential(必不可少的),C項suitable(適用的)和D項
sensitive(敏感的)均不符合原文語義。
(10).[A10]
A.just
B.ever
C.still
D.evenV
邏輯關(guān)系題。本題考查句間邏輯關(guān)系,比較本句claimedthatplantshave
"brain-likecommandcenters'(聲稱植物擁有“大腦般的指揮中心”)和
上句somescientistshave7thatplantspossessneuron-likecells(一
些科學(xué)家一直7植物擁有神經(jīng)元樣細(xì)胞)語義可知,從對「植物有意識」的論
證力度上來說,“大腦般的指揮中心”比“神經(jīng)元樣細(xì)胞”更進(jìn)一層。D項
even(甚至)提示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系,符合原文邏輯關(guān)系。所以,本題答案為D項。
干擾項:A項just(僅僅),B項ever(從來,在任何時候),C項still
(還,還是),均不符合原文語義和邏輯關(guān)系。
(11).[All]
A.restriction
B.experiment
C.perspectiveJ
D.demand
邏輯關(guān)系題。This+空白處指代上段提到的信息;上段主要提出了Taiz的觀點、
論點,因此空白處語義表示觀點、論點。C項perspective(觀點)是對該句的
概括,代入后符合原文語義。所以,本題答案為C項。
干擾項:A項restriction(限制),B項experiment(實驗),D項demand
(要求),均不符合原文語義和邏輯關(guān)系。
(12).[A12]
A.attaching
B.reducingV
C.returning
D.exposing
固定搭配題??瞻滋幩诘臓钫Z結(jié)構(gòu),是對主句謂語simplify(使簡化)的一
種伴隨狀態(tài),所以,空白處語義與simplify(使簡化)語義相近。B項
reducing與介詞to搭配,表示“將……概括為(或簡化為)”,代入后符合
原文語義。所以,本題答案為B項。
干擾項:其余各項均可與介詞to構(gòu)成不同搭配,A項attaching…to…
(把...固定在....上),C項returning…to…(把...帶回....,把....送
回...),D項exposing…to…(向....顯露....),均不符合原文語義。
(13).[A13]
A.HoweverJ
B.Moreover
C.Therefore
D.Otherwise
邏輯關(guān)系題。本題考查句間邏輯關(guān)系,比較空白處前cellsinplantsalso
communicatethroughelectricalsignals(植物中的細(xì)胞也通過電信號溝
通)和空白處后thesignalinginaplantisonly14similartothe
firinginacomplexanimalbrain,whichismorethan“amassof
cellsthatcommunicatebyelectricity(植物中的信號傳導(dǎo)只是14類似于
復(fù)雜動物大腦中的放電,而動物大腦不只是“通過電進(jìn)行交流的大量細(xì)胞”)
語義,可知,空白處前后存在語義相反:前者的also(也)強(qiáng)調(diào)植物和動物
(在信號溝通方式上)的相似之處,后者的only…similar(僅僅...相似
的)弱化了該相似。A項However(然而)體現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折,屬于語義相反,符合原文
邏輯關(guān)系。所以,本題答案為A項。
干擾項:B項Moreover(而且),C項Therefore(因此),D項Otherwise
(否則),均不符合原文邏輯關(guān)系。
(14).[A14]
A.temporarily
B.literally
C.superficiallyV
D.imaginarily
語境題。根據(jù)后半句whichismorethan“amassofcellsthat
communicatebyelectricity(動物大腦不只是“通過電進(jìn)行交流的大量細(xì)
胞“)可知,動物大腦更復(fù)雜,動物大腦和植物智力間更多的是相異,所以,
前半句的相似(similar)是并不充分的。C項superficially(表面上地)代
入后符合原文語義。所以,本題答案為C項。
干擾項:A項temporarily(臨時地),B項literally(真正地,確實地),D
項imaginarily(虛構(gòu)地),均不符合原文語義。
(15).[A15]
A.list
B.levelJ
C.label
D.load
語境題。根據(jù)本句Forconsciousnesstoevolve,abrainwitha
threshold15ofcomplexityandcapacityisrequired(意識想要進(jìn)化,需
要一個具有起始15的復(fù)雜性和容量的大腦)并結(jié)合threshold(起始的)語
義可知,本句對complexityandcapacity(復(fù)雜性和容量)的要求
(required)是一種程度上的要求。B項level(水平)代入后符合原文語義。
所以,本題答案為B項。
干擾項:A項list(清單),C項label(標(biāo)簽),D項load(負(fù)荷),均不符
合原文語義。
(16).[A16]
A.recalled
B.agreed
C.questioned
D.addedJ
語境題。本句是引語,出自he,he指代上段末句Taiz,觀察發(fā)現(xiàn):上段末句
也是出自Taiz的引語。比較上段末句acomplexanimalbrain,whichis
morethan“amassofcellsthatcommunicatebyelectricity(動物大腦
不只是“通過電進(jìn)行交流的大量細(xì)胞”)和本句Forconsciousnessto
evolve,abrainwithathreshold15ofcomplexityandcapacityis
required(為了使意識進(jìn)化,需要一個具有起始15的復(fù)雜性和容量的大腦)
語義,可知,后者在對前者作進(jìn)一步闡述。D項added(補充說,繼續(xù)說)代入
后最符合原文語義。所以,本題答案為D項。
干擾項:A項recalled(記起,回憶起),B項agreed(表示“同意,贊
同“,用于與別人觀點相同時),C項questioned(懷疑),均不符合原文語
義。
(17).[A17]
A.chancesV
B.risks
C.excuses
D.assumptions
邏輯關(guān)系題。Since(由于)提示因果關(guān)系:plantsdon'thavenervous
systems(植物沒有神經(jīng)系統(tǒng))為因,the17thattheyhaveconsciousness
areeffectivelyzero(它們所擁有意識的17實際上為零)為果。由因推果
可知,缺乏神經(jīng)系統(tǒng),意識也不會存在。A項chances(機(jī)會,可能性)代入后
符合原文語義和邏輯關(guān)系。所以,本題答案為A項。
干擾項:B項risks(風(fēng)險),C項excuses(借口),D項assumptions(假
定,假設(shè))均不符合原文語義和邏輯關(guān)系。
(18).[A18]
A.dangerV
B.failure
C.warning
D.control
邏輯關(guān)系題。so(所以)提示句內(nèi)因果關(guān)系:so前為因,so后為果。根據(jù)run
awayfrom(回避)可知,空白處語義為負(fù)面傾向。借助果,即so后的threat
(威脅)可知,空白處語義與“威脅”語義相近。A項danger(危險)代入后
符合原文語義和邏輯關(guān)系。所以,本題答案為A項。
干擾項:B項failure(失敗),C項warning(警告),D項control(控制)
均不符合原文語義和邏輯關(guān)系。
(19).[A19]
A.represents
B.includes
C.revealsV
D.recognizes
邏輯關(guān)系題。and提示順承關(guān)系,屬于語義一致:19athreat(19一種威
脅)與canfeelpain(可感知疼痛)二者結(jié)構(gòu)相似,語義相近。D項
recognizes(識別)代入后符合原文語義和邏輯關(guān)系。所以,本題答案為D
項。
干擾項:A項represents(代表,意味著),B項includes(包括),C項
reveals(揭示,顯示),均不符合原文語義和邏輯關(guān)系。
(20).[A20]
A.humble
B.poorV
C.practical
D.easy
邏輯關(guān)系題。so提示因果關(guān)系:Plantscan'trunaway-(植物不能逃
離...)為因,investingenergyinabodysystemwhich19athreatand
canfeelpainwouldbeavery20evolutionarystrategy(把能量投入到
一個19威脅并能感知疼痛的身體系統(tǒng)將是一種非常20的進(jìn)化策略)為果。
由此推知,因為(即使植物能感知到疼痛也)不能逃掉,所以把能量投入到一
個能……威脅和感知疼痛的身體系統(tǒng)上,是一種非常20的進(jìn)化策略,即本句
意在指出:既然不能跑,那么就無須進(jìn)化到可以感受疼痛。所以,空白處的語
義應(yīng)為負(fù)面的,能體現(xiàn)出進(jìn)化到能……威脅和感知疼痛是種不夠好的策略。B
項poor(不好的,次的,差的)代入后符合原文語義。所以,本題答案為B
項。
干擾項:A項humble(不大的,沒有特別之處的),C項practical(有用的,
適用的)和D項easy(容易的,輕易的)均不符合原文語義。
二、SectionIIReadingComprehension
2.PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsaftereachtext
bychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.
Text1
Peopleoftencomplainthatplasticsaretoodurable.Waterbottles,
shoppingbags,andothertrashlittertheplanet,fromMountEverest
totheMarianaTrench,becauseplasticsareeverywhereanddon't
breakdowneasily.Butsomeplasticmaterialschangeovertime.They
crackandfrizzle.They“weep"outadditives.Theymeltinto
sludge.Allofwhichcreateshugeheadachesforinstitutions,suchas
museums,tryingtopreserveculturallyimportantobjects.Thevariety
ofplasticobjectsatriskisdizzying:earlyradios,avant-garde
sculptures,celluloidanimationstillsfromDisneyfilms,thefirst
artificialheart.
Certainartifactsareespeciallyvulnerablebecausesomepioneersin
plasticartdidn'talwaysknowhowtomixingredientsproperly,says
TheavanOosten,apolymerchemistwho,untilretiringafewyears
ago,workedfordecadesattheCulturalHeritageAgencyofthe
Netherlands."It'slikebakingacake:Ifyoudon'thaveexact
amounts,itgoeswrong,“shesays."Theobjectyoumakeisalready
atimebomb.”
Andsometimes,it'snottheartist?sfault.Inthe1960s,the
ItalianartistPieroGilardibegantocreatehundredsofbright,
colorfulfoampieces.Thosepiecesincludedsmallbedsofrosesand
otheritemsaswellasafewdozennaturecarpets“一large
rectanglesdecoratedwithfoampumpkins,cabbages,andwatermelons.
Hewantedviewerstowalkaroundonthecarpets一whichmeanttheyhad
tobedurable.
Unfortunately,thepolyurethanefoamheusedisinherentlyunstable.
It'sespeciallyvulnerabletolightdamage,andbythemid-1990s,
Gilardi'spumpkins,roses,andotherfiguresweresplittingand
crumbling.Museumslockedsomeofthemawayinthedark.
SovanOostenandhercolleaguesworkedtopreserveGilardi?s
sculptures.Theyinfusedsomewithstabilizingandconsolidating
chemicals.VanOostencallsthosechemicals“sunscreens“because
theirgoalwastopreventfurtherlightdamageandrebuildworn
polymerfibers.Sheisproudthatseveralsculptureshaveevengone
ondisplayagain,albeitsometimesbeneathprotectivecases.
DespitesuccessstorieslikevanOosten's,preservationofplastics
willlikelygetharder.Oldobjectscontinuetodeteriorate.Worse,
biodegradableplastics,designedtodisintegrate,areincreasingly
common.
Andmoreisatstakeherethanindividualobjects.JoanaLia
Ferreira,anassistantprofessorofconservationandrestorationat
theNOVASchoolofScienceandTechnology,notesthatarchaeologists
firstdefinedthegreatmaterialagesofhumanhistory-StoneAge,
IronAge,andsoon-afterexaminingartifactsinmuseums.Wenow
liveinanageofplastic,shesays,“andwhatwedecidetocollect
today,whatwedecidetopreserve…willhaveastrongimpactonhow
inthefuturewe'11beseen.”
(1).AccordingtoParagraph1,museumsarefacedwithdifficulties
in
A.maintainingtheirplasticitemsJ
B.obtainingdurableplasticartifacts
C.handlingoutdatedplasticexhibits
D.classifyingtheirplasticcollections
解析:本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Paragraph1和museumsarefaced
withdifficultiesin定位到第一段⑦句:Allofwhichcreateshuge
headachesforinstitutions,suchasmuseums,tryingtopreserve
culturallyimportantobjects.(所有這些給一些機(jī)構(gòu)帶來了巨大的麻煩,比
如試圖保護(hù)具有重要文化意義的物品的博物館)。其中allofwhich指代上文
③至⑥句所提到的塑料材料的種種問題:Butsomeplasticmaterialschange
overtime…meltintosludge.(一些塑料材料隨著時間的推移而改變...
融化成污泥),可見,博物館在維護(hù)其塑料藏品方面有困難。A項maintaining
theirplasticitems(維護(hù)他們的塑料藏品)是對③至⑦句的概括總結(jié),
maintain對應(yīng)preserve。所以本題選A。
(2).VanOostenbelievesthatcertainplasticobjectsare.
A.immunetodecay
B.improperlyshaped
C.inherentlyflawedJ
D.complexinstructure
解析:本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞VanOostenbelievesthatcertain
plasticobjectsare定位到第二段①句(其中certainplasticobjects對
應(yīng)Certainartifacts):Certainartifactsareespeciallyvulnerable
becausesomepioneersinplasticartdidn'talwaysknowhowtomix
ingredientsproperly,saysTheavanOosten(TheavanOosten說,某些
手工藝品特別脆弱,因為一些塑料藝術(shù)的先驅(qū)并不總是知道如何正確地混合原
料)??梢姡承┧芰纤囆g(shù)品在制作過程中就存在原料未能正確混合的問題,
導(dǎo)致塑料藝術(shù)品本身就存在缺陷。C項inherentlyflawed(本身存在缺陷)是
對①句的概括總結(jié)。所以本題選C。
(3).MuseumsstoppedexhibitingsomeofGilardiJsartworksto
A.keepthemfromhurtingvisitors
B.duplicatethemforfuturedisplay
C.havetheiringredientsanalyzed
D.preventthemfromfurtherdamageJ
解析:本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Museumsstoppedexhibitingsomeof
Gilardi'sartworksto定位到第四段②③句。②句指出It'sespecially
vulnerabletolightdamage,andbythemid-1990s,Gilardi's
pumpkins,roses,andotherfiguresweresplittingandcrumbling(它極
易受到光的損害,到了20世紀(jì)90年代中期,Gilardi的南瓜、玫瑰和其他圖
形都在分裂和破碎),③句繼而指出Museumslockedsomeofthemawayin
thedark(博物館把其中一些鎖在黑暗中)??梢姡┪镳^將之封存在黑暗中
是為了避免其遭受更多的光損害。D項preventthemfromfurtherdamage
(避免它們受到進(jìn)一步的損害)是對②③句的合理推斷。所以本題選D。
(4).Theauthorthinksthatpreservationofplasticsis______.
A.costly
B.unworthy
C.unpopular
D.challengingV
解析:本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞preservationofplastics定位到第六
段①句:DespitesuccessstorieslikevanOosten,s,preservationof
plasticswilllikelygetharder(盡管有vanOosten這樣的成功案例,但
塑料的保存可能會變得更加困難)。D項challenging(挑戰(zhàn)性的)是對get
harder的同義替換。所以本題選D。
(5)?InFerreira'sopinion,preservationofplasticartifacts
A.willinspirefuturescientificresearch
B.hasprofoundhistoricalsignificanceV
C.willhelpusseparatethematerialages
D.hasanimpactontoday'sculturallife
解析:本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Ferreira和preservationofplastic
artifacts定位到第七段②③句。②句指出archaeologistsfirstdefined
thegreatmaterialagesofhumanhistory一StoneAge,IronAge,andso
on一afterexaminingartifactsinmuseums(考古學(xué)家在檢查了博物館中的
文物后,首先確定了人類歷史上偉大的物質(zhì)時代一一石器時代、鐵器時代等
等),③句承接②句指出Wenowliveinanageofplastic…"andwhat
wedecidetocollecttoday,whatwedecidetopreserve…willhavea
strongimpactonhowinthefuturewe'11beseen.(我們現(xiàn)在生活在
塑料時代……“我們決定收集什么,我們決定保存什么……將對我們未來的形
象產(chǎn)生重大影響。”)O可見,我們對塑料工藝品的保存對于未來定義我們的
時代意義重大。B項hasprofoundhistoricalsignificance(具有深遠(yuǎn)的歷
史意義)是對②③句的概括總結(jié)。所以本題選B。
3.PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsaftereachtext
bychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.
Text2
Asthelatestcropofstudentspentheirundergraduateapplication
formandweighuptheiroptions,itmaybeworthconsideringjusthow
thepoint,purposeandvalueofadegreehaschangedandwhat
GenerationZneedtoconsiderastheystartthethirdstageoftheir
educationaljourney.
Millennialsweretoldthatifyoudidwellinschool,gotadecent
degree,youwouldbesetupforlife.Butthatpromisehasbeenfound
wanting.Asdegreesbecameuniversal,theybecamedevalued.Education
wasnolongerasecurerouteofsocialmobility.Today,28percent
ofgraduatesintheUKareinnon-graduateroles,apercentagewhich
isdoubletheaverageamongOECDcountries.
Thisisnottosaythatthereisnopointingettingadegree,but
ratherstressthatadegreeisnotforeveryone,thattheswitchfrom
classroomtolecturehallisnotaninevitableoneandthatother
optionsareavailable.
Thankfully,therearesignsthatthisisalreadyhappening,with
GenerationZseekingtolearnfromtheirmillennialpredecessors,
evenifparentsandteacherstendtobestillsetinthedegree
mindset.Employershavelongseentheadvantagesofhiringschool
leaverswhooftenprovethemselvestobemorecommittedandloyal
employeesthangraduates.Manytooareseeingtheadvantagesof
scrappingadegreerequirementforcertainroles.
Forthoseforwhomadegreeisthedesiredroute,considerthatthis
maywellbethefirstofmany.Inthisageofgeneralists,itpaysto
havespecificknowledgeorskills.Postgraduatesnowearn40percent
morethangraduates.Whenmoreandmoreofushaveadegree,itmakes
sensetohavetwo.
ItisunlikelythatGenerationZwillbedonewitheducationat18or
21;theywillneedtobeconstantlyup-skillingthroughouttheir
careertostayemployable.Ithasbeenestimatedthatthis
generation,duetothepressuresoftechnology,thewishforpersonal
fulfilmentanddesirefordiversity,willworkfor17different
employersoverthecourseoftheirworkinglifeandhavefive
differentcareers.Education,andnotjustknowledgegainedon
campus,willbeacorepartofGenerationZ'scareertrajectory.
Oldergenerationsoftentalkabouttheirdegreeinthepresentand
personaltense:'Iamageographer?or'Iamaciassist'.Their
sonsordaughterswouldneversaysuchathing;it'sasifthey
alreadyknowthattheirdegreewon'tdefinetheminthesameway.
(1).TheauthorsuggeststhatGenerationZshould______.
A.becarefulinchoosingacollege
B.bediligentateacheducationalstage
C.reassessthenecessityofcollegeeducationV
D.postponetheirundergraduateapplication
解析:本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞GenerationZ和should定位到第一段
①句(其中should對應(yīng)needto):Asthelatestcropofstudentspen
theirundergraduateapplicationformandweighuptheiroptions,it
maybeworthconsideringjusthowthepoint,purposeandvalueofa
degreehaschangedandwhatGenerationZneedtoconsiderasthey
startthethirdstageoftheireducationaljourney(當(dāng)最新一批學(xué)生填
寫本科申請表并權(quán)衡他們的選擇時,或許值得思考的是學(xué)位的意義、目的和價
值發(fā)生了怎樣的變化,以及Z世代在開啟他們教育旅程的第三階段時需要考慮
什么)。C項reassessthenecessityofcollegeeducation(重新審視大學(xué)
教育的必要性)是對①句內(nèi)容的適度推斷,其中collegeeducation(大學(xué)教
育)對應(yīng)degree(大學(xué)學(xué)位)。所以本題選C。
(2).ThepercentageofUKgraduatesinnon-graduaterolesreflect
A.MillennialJsopinionsaboutwork
B.theshrinkingvalueofadegreeV
C.publicdiscontentwitheducation
D.thedesiredrouteofsocialmobility
解析:本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞ThepercentageofUKgraduates和
non-graduateroles定位到第二段⑤句:Today,28percentofgraduates
intheUKareinnon-graduateroles,apercentagewhichisdoublethe
averageamongOECDcountries(如今,英國有28%的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生從事非大學(xué)
畢業(yè)生的工作,這一比例是經(jīng)合組織國家平均水平的兩倍)。本句無法解題,
根據(jù)定位句中的數(shù)字“28percent"可知,該句為論據(jù),且該句位于段尾,所
以需要往上文尋找論點解題。再找到前文的論點:Asdegreesbecame
universal,theybecamedevalued(隨著大學(xué)學(xué)位變得普遍,它們也貶值
T)oB項theshrinkingvalueofadegree(大學(xué)學(xué)位的貶值)是對③句的
同義替換,其中shrinkingvalue對應(yīng)devalued,degree為原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。所以本
題選Bo
(3).Theauthorconsidersitagoodsignthat.
A.GenerationZareseekingtoearnadecentdegree
B.schoolleaversarewillingtobeskilledworkers
C.employersaretakingarealisticattitudetodegreesV
D.parentsarechangingtheirmindsabouteducation
解析:本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞agoodsign定位到第四段①句(其中
good對應(yīng)原文的Thankfully):Thankfully,therearesignsthatthisis
alreadyhappening(值得慶幸的是,有跡象表明這種情況已經(jīng)發(fā)生了)。該句
無法解題,需繼續(xù)看下文。結(jié)合②句Employershavelongseenthe
advantagesofhiringschoolleaverswhooftenprovethemselvestobe
morecommittedandloyalemployeesthangraduates(雇主早就看到了雇用
中學(xué)畢業(yè)生的好處,因為中學(xué)畢業(yè)生經(jīng)常證明他們是比大學(xué)畢業(yè)生更盡職、更
忠誠的員工)和③句Manytooareseeingtheadvantagesofscrappinga
degreerequirementforcertainroles(許多雇主也逐漸意識到取消某些崗
位對學(xué)位的要求所帶來的好處)可知,雇主對待大學(xué)學(xué)位的態(tài)度發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變,C
項employersaretakingarealisticattitudetodegrees(雇主對大學(xué)學(xué)
位采取現(xiàn)實的態(tài)度)是對②句和③句內(nèi)容的概括總結(jié)。所以本題選C。
(4).ItisadvisedinParagraph5thatthosewithonedegreeshould
A.makeanearlydecisionontheircareer
B.attendonthejobtrainingprograms
C.teamupwithhigh-paidpostgraduates
D.furthertheirstudiesinaspecificfieldJ
解析:本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Paragraph5和thosewithone
degree定位到第五段④句:Whenmoreandmoreofushaveadegree,it
makessensetohavetwo(當(dāng)我們中越來越多的人擁有學(xué)位時,擁有兩個學(xué)位
是明智的),結(jié)合②句itpaystohavespecificknowledgeorskills(擁
有特定的知識或技能是值得的)可知,作者建議有一個學(xué)位的人在特定領(lǐng)域繼
續(xù)進(jìn)修深造。D項furthertheirstudiesinaspecificfield(在特定領(lǐng)域
繼續(xù)進(jìn)修深造)是對②句和④句的概括總結(jié)。所以本題選D。
(5).WhatcanbeconcludedaboutGenerationZfromthelasttwo
paragraphs?
A.Lifelonglearningwilldefinethem.J
B.Theywillmakequalifiededucators.
C.Degreeswillnolongerappealthem.
D.Theywillhavealimitedchoiceofjobs.
解析:本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞GenerationZ和thelasttwo
paragraph定位到第六段①句:theywillneedtobeconstantlyup-
skillingthroughouttheircareertostayemployable(他們需要在整個職
業(yè)生涯中不斷提升技能,以保持就業(yè)能力),結(jié)合③句Education,andnot
justknowledgegainedoncampus,willbeacorepartofGeneration
Vscareertrajectory(教育以及不僅僅是在校園里獲得的知識,將成為Z
世代職業(yè)軌跡的核心部分)可知,Z世代將終身學(xué)習(xí)。A項Lifelonglearning
willdefinethem(終身學(xué)習(xí)將是他們的特征)是對①句和③句的概括總結(jié)。
所以本題選A。
4.PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsaftereachtext
bychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.
Text3
Enlightening,challenging,stimulating,fun.Theseweresomeofthe
wordsthatNaturereadersusedtodescribetheirexperienceofart-
sciencecollaborationsinaseriesofarticlesonpartnerships
betweenartistsandresearchers.Nearly40%oftheroughly350people
whorespondedtoanaccompanyingpollsaidtheyhadcollaboratedwith
artists;andalmostallsaidtheywouldconsiderdoingsoinfuture.
Suchanencouragingresultisnotsurprising.Scientistsare
increasinglyseekingoutvisualartiststohelpthemcommunicate
theirworktonewaudiences."Artistshelpscientistsreacha
broaderaudienceandmakeemotionalconnectionsthatenhance
learning."Onerespondentsaid.
Oneexampleofhowartistsandscientistshavetogetherrockedthe
sensescamelastmonthwhentheSydneySymphonyOrchestraperformeda
reworkedversionofAntonioVivaldiJsTheFourSeasons.They
reimaginedthe300-year-oldscorebyinjectingthelatestclimate
predictiondataforeachseason一providedbyMonashUniversity,s
ClimateChangeCommunicationResearchHub.Theperformancewasa
creativecalltoactionaheadofNovember?sUnitedNationsClimate
ChangeConferenceinGlasgow,UK.
Butagenuinepartnershipmustbeatwo-waystreet.Fewerartists
thanscientistsrespondedtotheNaturepoll;however,several
respondentsnotedthatartistsdonotsimplyassistscientistswith
theircommunicationrequirements.Norshouldtheirworkbeconsidered
onlyasanobjectofstudy.Thealliancesaremostvaluablewhen
scientistsandartistshaveasharedstakeinaproject,areableto
jointlydesignitandcancritiqueeachother,swork.Suchan
approachcanbothpromptnewresearchaswellasresultinpowerful
art.
Morethanhalfacenturyago,theMassachusettsInstituteof
TechnologyopeneditsCenterforAdvancedVisualStudies(CAVS)to
exploretheroleoftechnologyinculture.Thefoundersdeliberately
focusedtheirprojectsaroundlight
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