主謂一致石小萍

主調(diào)一致(修正稿)主謂一致指的是謂語動(dòng)詞與主語在人稱和數(shù)方面的一致。主謂一致有三項(xiàng)原則，即：語法一致、意義一致和就近一致原則是在特殊情況下對(duì)語法一致的補(bǔ)充。這里就一些情況作如下說明：(-)當(dāng)名詞詞組中心詞為表示度量、距離、金額、時(shí)間、書名等復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語常用單數(shù)。Sixmonthsistooshortatimetolearnalanguage.六個(gè)月時(shí)間太短，不能學(xué)會(huì)一門語言。Tendollarsisenoughforthatbook.買那本書10美元就足夠了。Fourthousandmilesisalongdistance.4000英里是很長(zhǎng)的距離。Fiftykilogramsisnottooheavytobecarried五十公斤不至于重到扛不動(dòng)的地步。注：如果強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量，謂語動(dòng)詞可用復(fù)數(shù)。Onehundredcentsmakeadollar.100美分等于一美兀。Morethanfiftyyearshavepassedsincetheygotmarried他們夫妻已共同走過了五十多年。(二)主語是代詞。ne,oneof,each(of),another,theother,either(of),neither,alittle,little,much及any,some,every,no與-thing,-body,-one構(gòu)成的合成代詞時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)。Nothingintheworldisdifficultforonewhosetshismindtoit.世上無難事,只怕有心人.Eitheroftheshirtsfitsmeperfectly.兩件襯衫中任何一件都很適合我穿.Someoneiswaitingforyouatthegate.有人在門口等你。Nooneknowshowtodealwiththematter,沒人知道如何處理這個(gè)問題。當(dāng)neitherof,noneof修飾主語時(shí)作主語時(shí)，在現(xiàn)代英語中謂語動(dòng)詞多用復(fù)數(shù)但有時(shí)也用單數(shù).Noneofusis/areafraidofdifficulties.我們中沒有人害怕困難.Noneofthemhave/hasaChineseEnglishdictionary.(三)不定式、動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Togiveisbetterthantotake.給予比索取好.Helpingothersishelpingourselves.幫助別人就是幫助自己Whethertheywillacceptourinvitationisstillunknown.他們是否接受我們的邀請(qǐng)，現(xiàn)在還不知道.（四）從句作主語時(shí)：.what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，謂語動(dòng)詞視情況而定。Whatweneedismoretime./Whatweneedaremoreteachers..在"oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+who/that"弓I導(dǎo)的從句中的動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，但當(dāng)one之前有theonly等修飾語時(shí)，從句中的動(dòng)詞則用單數(shù)。Thisisoneofthegirlswhowerelateforthemeeting.Thisistheonlyoneofthegirlswhowaslateforthemeeting.（五）以and連接的兩個(gè)名詞作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。Walkingandridingaregoodexercises.但在以下幾種情況中用單數(shù)：.由and連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語，若名詞前有every,each,no,manya等修飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Everyboyandeverygirl/Eachboyandeachgirlwasgivenabook每個(gè)男孩和女孩都發(fā)了本書。 許多男孩和女孩都犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。（manya）Noteacherandnostudentispermittedtotakethebooksoutofthelibrary.老師和同學(xué)都不允許把書帶出圖書館.Noboysandnogirlshaveheardthestorybefore,男孩和女孩以前都沒有聽過這個(gè)故事..當(dāng)被修飾的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞在意義上指的是同一個(gè)人、物或概念時(shí)。Thegirl'steacherandfriendisayoungdoctor.Theprofessorandwriteristogiveusalectureonculture.這個(gè)教授兼作家要給我們做一個(gè)關(guān)于文化的講座ThescienceandtechnologyplaysanimportantpartinChina.比較：Thesoldierandwriterhasgonetothefront.（士兵兼作家）Thesoldierandthewriterhavegonetothefront.仕兵和作家）2.兩個(gè)意義相關(guān)的名詞構(gòu)成的成對(duì)詞，如：bowandarrow（弓箭）,breadandbutter。余黃油的面包）,horseandcart（馬車）,knifeandfork（刀叉）,needleandthread（針線）等，表示成套的工具或者一種食品，作主語時(shí)，后跟謂語動(dòng)詞單數(shù)。Aknifeandforkisonthetable.試比較：Breadandmilkisnicefood.（—種食物）Breadandmilkhavegoneupinprice.（兩種單獨(dú)的食物）（六）有些以-s結(jié)尾的名詞作主語時(shí)，根據(jù)其意思來決定謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)：,表示學(xué)科名稱的名詞一單數(shù)；.國家或團(tuán)體名稱T單數(shù)；.theOlympicGamesT復(fù)數(shù)；.當(dāng)復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞，如：means,works等。Everymeanshasbeentried./Allmeanshavebeentried.（七）集體名詞作主語時(shí)，視其意義來決定謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)：.police,people,Cattle等名詞一復(fù)數(shù)；Cattleareeatinggrassonthehillside.Policehavesearchedthebuildingfortheman..clothing,equipment,furniture等名詞t單數(shù)；.family,class,public,population等名詞表示個(gè)體時(shí)一單數(shù)；表示單位成員時(shí)一復(fù)數(shù)；MyfamilylivesatNo.166ParkStreet.Thepublicismadeupofyouandme.Ourfootballteamhavearrived.Outfootballteamplayswell..the+adj.表一類人，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。但thegood（好的東西）,theuseful,thebeautiful等表示抽象的概念作主語時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)。Thewoundedweretakentothehospitalimmediately.傷者被緊急送往醫(yī)院。Thebeautifulgivespleasuretoallofus.美讓我們大家愉悅。（八）當(dāng)中心詞是all,some,any,enough,most,half,therest等時(shí)，其主謂一致一般遵循意義一致原則：如果所指為復(fù)數(shù)意義，動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；如果所指為單數(shù)意義，動(dòng)詞則用單數(shù)。Halfofthebuildingwasdamagedinthehurricane在颶風(fēng)中這棟建筑物有一半遭到損壞。HalfofthebookswerewritteninChinese.這些書有一半是用漢語寫的。Thefirstquestionwasverydifficult,buttherestprettyeasy第一個(gè)問題很難，但其余的都相當(dāng)簡(jiǎn)單。Therestofthestory（need;needs）notelling故事的其余部分就不需要講了。（九）alotof/lotsof,alargequantityof等量詞+名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由這些量詞后的名詞決定。Alargequantityofpeopleareneededhere.但largequantitiesof修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Largequantitiesoffood/booksareonthetable.（十）akindof/kindsof作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由kind決定，type也是這樣。Thiskindofmenisdangerous./Menofthisaredangerous.（十一）分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)后的名詞決定。Aboutonethirdofthestoriesareworthreading.Twofifthsoftheareaiscoveredbysnow.Only40percentoftheworkhasbeencompleted.（十二）morethanone...,manya…作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：Manyagoodmanhasbeendestroyedbydrink很多好男人都?xì)г诹孙嬀粕?。Theremorethanonepossibleexplanation可能的解釋不只一個(gè)。(十三)or,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...but(also)…等連接并列主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞與就近的主語一致。Eitheryouorheisgoing.要么你去，要么他去。NeitherhenorI(have;has)finishedthehomework.彳胡口我都沒有完成家庭作業(yè)。注：由there或here引導(dǎo)的句子，主語不只一個(gè)時(shí)，謂語的數(shù)通常和鄰近的主語保持一致。Thereisateacherand56studentsintheclassroom教室里有由一位老師和56個(gè)學(xué)生。Here(are;is)someenvelopesandpaperforyou這些是給你的信封和紙。(十四)主語后面跟有l(wèi)ike,aswellas/with/alongwith/togetherwith,except/but/ratherthan,including/besides/inadditionto等詞組時(shí)，謂語根據(jù)主語而定。E-mail,aswellasphonecalls,isplayingaveryimportantpartindailycommunication.像電話一樣，電子郵件在日常交流中也起著非常重要的作用。Tom,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,issittingthereplayingcomputergames.湯姆和他的妻子孩子正坐在那里玩電腦游戲。Mr.Li,aswellashischildren,isgoingtherebybus.【題例精析】【例1】一Mike,whatdidourmonitorsayjustnow?一Everyboyandeverygirlaswellasteacherswhotovisitthemuseumaskedtobeattheschoolgatebefore6:30inthemorning.(2007南京一中卷)A.is;is B.are;are C.is;are D.are;is【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)悟】解答該題的關(guān)鍵是要理解題干結(jié)構(gòu)，把握以every,no,each等限定的并由and連接的兩個(gè)并列名詞用作主語時(shí)的主謂一致以及定語從句中的主謂一致?！疽c(diǎn)精析】該題為一個(gè)帶有定語從句的復(fù)合句句中作定語的關(guān)系代詞who指代先行詞teachers,為復(fù)數(shù)故謂語動(dòng)詞該用are；aswellas連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)前一^主語決定由every,

no,each等限定的并由and連接的兩個(gè)并列名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。【答案】D[例2]Whattheremoteareasneededucationtochildrenandwhatthechildrenneedgoodtextbooksatthemoment.（2007山東棗莊3月交流卷）A.is;are B.are;is C.was;were D.were;was【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)悟】解答該題關(guān)鍵是要注意由特殊疑問詞what引導(dǎo)的主語從句作主語時(shí)的主謂一致關(guān)系。【要點(diǎn)精析】一般情況下，what引導(dǎo)主語從句，常表示單數(shù)意義，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，但當(dāng)它所指的具體內(nèi)容是復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。該題強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。【答案】A【專項(xiàng)檢測(cè)】Whomthispairofglassesbelongtoandwhosetheglassesonthetable?A.does;is B.do;are C.does;are D.do;isThereapen,twopencilsandthreebooksonthedesk.A.are B.is C.has D.haveTheUnitedStatesofAmericaoneofthemostdevelopedcountriesintheworld.A.is B.are C.was D.were"Allpresentandallgoingonwell,"ourmonitorsaid.A.is;is B.are;are C.are;is D.is;arehavefinishedalargepartofthebook,therestofwhichverydifficult.A.is B.are C.was D.wereThetroublewithsuchresourcesascoal,oilandgasthattheyarenotrenewable.A.hasbeenB.areC.havebeenD.isA.hasbeenB.areC.havebeenD.isMorethanoneexamplenecessarytomakethestudentsunderstandthisruleclearly.A.shouldbe B.is C.are D.havebeenAlthoughmanyofthehousesinthesmalltownstillinneedofrepair,therelotsofimprovementintheirappearance.A.are;hasbeen B.is;havebeen C.is;are D.are;wasGoingtobedearlyandgettingupearlyagoodhabit.A.is B.are C.were D.wasThepoliceaskedthatanyonewhosawtheaccidentshouldgetintouchwith.A.have;them B.has;him C.have;him D.has;themMyfriendandclassmatePaulhorse-ridinginhissparetime.A.practice B.practices C.ispracticed. D.ispracticingPeoplelikebeautifulthings,butthebeautifulnotalwaystheuseful.A.is B.are C.was D.wereAreyouveryanxious?Yes.Tenminuteslikeanhourwhenyouarewaitingforaphonecall.A.seem B.seems C.do D.doesOnthewalltwolargepicturesofhisparents.A.hangs B.hanged C.hanging D.hangThat'stheoneofthesubjectsthattostartaconversation.A.intends B.intend C.areintended D.isintendedwhoyourteacher,willtrymybesttohelpyouwithyourstudy.A.be B.am C.are D.isNotonlymybrotherbutalsoIgoodatpainting.Bothofusgoodpainters.A.are;are B.am;are C.is;is D.are;isSettingfiretothepublicbuildingshighlydangerousandforbiddenbylaw.A.are B.is C.has D.werevisitorstotheUKwereaskedbynewspaperreporterswhattheirimpressionsoftheBritishpeoplewere.

A.Thenumberof B.AnumberofC.Numbersof D.AnynumbersofThefirsttwoquestionswereeasy,buttherestofthemnot.A.was B.were C.being D.tobe“Thepublicthebestjudge."means“thepublicalwaystheirthoughtscorrectly/D.is;expressA.are;expressB.are;expresses C.is;expressD.is;expressThiskindofcakesgoodwhilecakesofthatkinddifferent.A.taste;are B.tastes;are C.smells;is D.look;areWheretofindtheteacherandwheretodotheexperimentA.arenotknownB.isnotknownC.hasnotknownD.havenotknownA.arenotknownB.isnotknownC.hasnotknownD.havenotknownThemanagerorhissecretarytogiveyouaninterview.A.is B.are C.was D.wereThattheyhavecheatedtheboysnowcleartousall.A.is B.are C.was D.wereTheoldtakengoodcaveofinourcountry.A.is B.has C.are D.haveItseemstomethatwhatLucysawandheardveryinteresting.A.was B.were C.is D.areEverymeanstried,butinvain.A.havebeen B.hasbeen C.are D.isManyaboyandmanyastudentlookingforwardtovisitingtheUnitedStatesofAmericaatpresent.A.are B.were C.is D.wasE-mail,aswellastelephones,animportantpartindailycommunication.A.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplaying D.playThoughsmall,theantisasmuchacreatureasallotheranimalsonearth.A.are B.is C.do D.haveDespitemuchresearch,therearestillcertainelementsinthelifecycleoftheinsectthatnotfullyunderstood.

A.areB.wereC.isD.wasA.areB.wereC.isD.wasEverybodyinourcountry,menandwomen,oldandyoung,sportsandgames.A.arefondof B.enjoys C.goinfor D.takepartinThereareflowersshownintheparkandpeoplegotohavealook.A.varietiesof;various B.aplentyof;manyC.various;manya D.quiteafew;quitealittleAnironandsteelworks,withsomesatellitefactoriestobebuilthere.A.is B.are C.was D.wereTheengineerandworkerreferredtotodesignsomething.A.begoing B.aregoing C.belikely D.isgoingAsaresultofdestroyingtheforests,alargeofdesertcoveredtheland.A.number;has B.quantity;hasC.number;haveD.quantity;have—Theeducationsystemratherthantheteacherstoanswerfortheoverburdenonthestudents.—Iagree.Ihopethereformbeingcarriedoutinourcountrywillhangabouttheresults.A.me;desired B.is;desired C.are;desiring D.is;desiringHisSelectedPoemsfirstpublishedin1986.A.were B.was C.hasbeen D.isWritingstoriesandarticleswhatsheenjoysmost.A.is B.havebeen C.was D.wereEachofthestudentsinourclassgreatinterestinEnglishandtheyeachacopyofANewEnglish-ChineseDictionary.A.shows;have B.have;has C.is;have D.takes;hasThefactory,includingitsmachinesandbuildings,burntlastnight.A.is B.are C.were D.wasTheWhitefamilyverylarge.Allthefamilyanimallovers.A.is;are B.is;is C.are;is D.are;areLargequantitiesoffruitallovertheworldfromChinatoday.A.isshippedB.areshippedC.hasShipped D.haveshippedInourcountryeachboyandeachgirltherighttoreceiveagoodeducation.A.is B.are C.has D.have【答案解析】.Co"this/thepairof+名詞"作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；glasses,trousers,clothes等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)。.BoTherebe句型中，主語不止一個(gè)時(shí)，遵循"就近一致"的原則，即謂語與鄰近的主語保持人稱和數(shù)的一致。.Ao表示國家，組織、單位的名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。.Co不定代詞all作主語，指人時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)；指物時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。.Ao"therestof+名詞"作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與中心名詞保持一致這里which指代thebook故用iso.D。thetrouble/problemwith…意為"由 帶來的問題； 存在的問題題中thetrouble為主語部分的中心詞。.B。manya（許多）+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或morethanone（不止一個(gè)）+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，常遵循"語法一致”的原則，即主語是單數(shù)，謂語也用單數(shù)。.Ao此處improvement是不可數(shù)名詞。.Ao當(dāng)and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的詞、短語或句子作主語且表示同一概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。.Aopolice,people,cattle等表示"總稱"的名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)。.BoPaul既是我的朋友還是我的同學(xué)，主語指的是一個(gè)人，故謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，且根據(jù)題意,此處需用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的主動(dòng)語態(tài)。.Aothe+形容詞/-ing形式/過去分詞（表示一類人或事物）做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)，但表示一種抽象概念或品質(zhì)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。題中thebeautifulisnotalwaystheuseful意為"好看的不一定總是有用的"。.Bo表示時(shí)間、距離、金額數(shù)量等的名詞作為一個(gè)整體作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。.Do這是一個(gè)倒裝句，主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式，故謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。.Dobeintendedtodo/for意為"被打算……"o先行詞為oneof...結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，定語認(rèn)句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；先行詞為the(only)oneof…結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，從句中謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。.Bo關(guān)系代詞作主語，定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與先行詞保持人稱和數(shù)的一致。.Bonotonly...butalso,either...or,neither...nor,not...but等結(jié)構(gòu)連接并列主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)遵循“就近一致"的原則。.Bo不定式、-ing形式短語或名詞性從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。注意：當(dāng)what引導(dǎo)的從句作主語，且表語為名詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)常由表語的數(shù)決定。.Bo答案C、D本身就錯(cuò)誤的，A表示"……的數(shù)目"，B表示"許多"，依據(jù)謂語是were,選Bo.Bo本題的要點(diǎn)是halfof,therestof,plentyof修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，視具體情況而定。如果of后面是不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)，如果of后面是可數(shù)名詞，則謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。.Do本題的變化點(diǎn)是集合名詞若作整體看待，謂語用單數(shù)；若看作一個(gè)個(gè)成員時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。.Bo本題考查知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：由akindof,thiskindof,manykindsof和“名詞+ofthiskind"等以及由與kind意義相似的type,sort等構(gòu)成的類似短語作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞與of前的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。.A。本題考查知識(shí)點(diǎn)是不定式做主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)。句子結(jié)構(gòu)是"疑