2023年考研外語(yǔ)預(yù)測(cè)試卷5

考研外語(yǔ)預(yù)測(cè)試卷5

一、UseofEnglish

1、Alan"Ace"GreenbergchosehisnicknametoimprovehischanceswithgirlsattheUniversityofMissouri.Butitisanapt(1)_____ofhiswadingskillsonWallStreet.Thisweek,asthe73-year-old(2)_____down(3)_____chairmanofBearStearns,theinvestmentbankwherehehasworkedsince1949isinahigh.It(4)_____anincreaseinpost-taxprofitsinthesecondquarterof43%onayearearlier,(5)_____atimewhenmanyofitsWallStreetrivalshave(6)_____.OnJune26thMerrillLynch(7)_____awarningthatitsprofitsinthesecondquarterwouldfallbyhalf,far(8)_____ofexpectations.GoldmanSachsandMorganStanleyhavealsoreportedlowerprofits.

Strangethatthissurprised.(9)_____AlanGreenspan'sfreneticcuts(10)_____interestrates,timesaregoodforunderwritersandwadersofbonds,coreactivitiesforBearStearnsandLehmanBrothers,(11)_____alsorecordedasharpincreaseinprofits.Ithasbeenaterrible(12)_____forequityunderwritersandforadvisersonthesmallamountsofmergersandacquisitions(M＆A)thisyear.

Merrill,GoldmanandMorganStanleyarethreeoftheinvestmentbanksthatgained(13)_____duringtheboominequityandM＆Abusiness,andtheyarenow(14)_____themost.Ofthethree,Merrillisweakestinbonds.Itcut(15)_____itsfixed-incomeactivitiesafterthecollapseofLung-TermCapitalManagement(LTCM)in1998.Asithappens,bothBearStearnsandLehmanhavelongbeencriticisedfortheirweaknessinequities.

Mr.Greenbergisfamousforworryingabouteventhepriceofapaper-clipatBearStearns.Thisusedtoseemterribly(16)_____,butthesedaysotherWallStreetfirmsare(17)_____aboutcosts.Lay-offsare(18)_____thoughnotyetalarmingly—notleast,becausebankssawhowMerrillLynchlost(19)_____whenthemarketsreboundedquicklyaftertheLTCMcrisis.Still,iffew(20)_____ofimprovementshowsoon,expectrealblood-lettingonWallStreet.

A.cover

B.encapsulation

C.jacket

D.shell

2、(2)

A.goes

B.comes

C.strides

D.steps

3、(3)

A.be

B.being

C.as

D.tobe

4、(4)

A.recorded

B.logged

C.chronicled

D.noted

5、(5)

A.during

B.at

C.on

D.in

6、(6)

A.stumbled

B.slip

C.blundered

D.crept

7、(7)

A.delivered

B.distributed

C.conveyed

D.issued

8、(8)

A.out

B.lacking

C.lack

D.short

9、(9)

A.Becauseof

B.Because

C.Since

D.For

10、(10)

A.at

B.in

C.on

D.upon

11、(11)

A.who

B.what

C.whom

D.which

12、(12)

A.time

B.age

C.epoch

D.era

13、(13)

A.most

B.much

C.alot

D.agreatdeal

14、(14)

A.lost

B.losing

C.suffering

D.suffered

15、(15)

A.down

B.back

C.off

D.out

16、(16)

A.unnecessary

B.unreasonable

C.unpopular

D.unfashionable

17、(17)

A.obsessed

B.worried

C.suffered

D.tormented

18、(18)

A.decreased

B.increased

C.increasing

D.decreasing

19、(19)

A.field

B.ground

C.future

D.hope

20、(20)

A.signals

B.symbol

C.signs

D.symptom

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

ItiscommonlysupposedthatthehealthofLongIslandSoundischieflytheresponsibilityoftheshorelinecommunitiesinLongIsland,WestchesterCountyandConnecticut.Thisislargelytrue.Itisalsotrue,however,thatNewYorkCityhaslongbeenamajorcontributortotheenvironmentalillsthattorturethisnoblestofAmericanestuaries.

ThemainreasonisfouroldmunicipalsewagetreatmentplantsontheEastRiver.Everydayofeveryyear,theseplantsdeposithundredsofthousandsofgallonsofpartlytreatedwastewaterintotheriver,whichthen,withtidalcertainty,propelsthepollutedwaterintotheSounditself

Themostdamagingofthepollutantsleavingtheplantsisnitrogen—usefulasafertilizeronlandbut,insufficientquantities,fataltobodiesofwaterliketheSound,whereitstimulatesthegrowthofbacteriaandalgaeandrobsthewaterofoxygen.Thisconditionisknownashypoxia,anditsuppressesmarinelife.Roughlyhalfthenitrogencomesfromtreatmentplantsandothersourcesinabout80shorelinecommunities,theotherhalfcomesfromtheNewYorkCityplants.

Itisthuscauseforgreatcelebrationthatthecityagreedlastweektosettlealongstandinglegalactionandspendatleast$700milliontoupgradethesefourplants,cuttingtheirnitrogenoutputbynearly60percentby2022.AudubonNewYork,aleaderamongtheenvironmentalgroupsthathelpedshapetheagreementandmoveitforward,whennegotiationsseemedtofalter,calledtheagreementanhistoricmomentinthestruggletorestoretheSoundtogoodhealth.

Inretrospect,themostimportantmomentinthatstrugglethemomentfromwhichallelsehasflowed,includinglastweek'sagreement—camem1994,whenNewYorkandConnecticut.aftersustainedpressurefromthefederalEnvironmentalProtectionAgency,approvedacomprehensiveplantocleanuptheSound.Thecity'smainresponsibilitywastomodernizeitssewagetreatmentplants.TheGiulianiadministrationleftthebulkofthetasktoMayorMichaelBloomberg.

Alarmedbytheproject'sestimated$1.3billionpricetag,Mr.BloombergdispatchedChristopherWard,thentheenvironmentalcommissioner,toEuropeandelsewheretofindnew,morecost-efficientwastetreatmenttechnologies.Induecourse,Mr.WardandhiscounterpartinAlbany,ErinCrotty,reachedanagreementinprincipletoreform.theplantsatwellundertheoriginalcost.Mr.WardandMs.Crottyleftpublicservice,butafterfurtherdebatingaimedpartlyatensuringthatfuturecityadministrationscouldnotwiggleoutofthedeal,andafterfurtherproddingbyAttorneyGeneralEliotSpitzer,theirsuccessors.EmilyLloydandDeniseSheehan,broughtthemattertoaclose.

ThisdoesnotmeantheSoundisnolongeratrisk.TheSoundpassesthroughthedensestpopulationcorridorinthecountry,andwillremainforeverstressedbythe20millionpeoplewholivewithin50milesofitsshores.ThustheshorelinecommunitiesinLongIsland,WestchesterandConnecticutmustdomorethanevertocontainpollution.

ThefollowingunitsareresponsibleforthehealthofLongIslandSoundEXCEPT______.

A.theshorelinecommunityinLongIsland

B.theshorelinecommunityofWestchesterCounty

C.theshorelinecommunityofConnecticut

D.theshorelinecommunityofNewYorkcity

2、

Whatisprobablythemeaningof"falter"(Para.4)?

A.succeed

B.finish

C.stumble

D.fall

3、

Accordingtothetext,thefollowingstatementsaboutnitrogenaretrueEXCEPT______.

A.nitrogensuppressesmarinelife

B.nitrogenisafertilizerWhichhelpsplantsgrow

C.nitrogeninlargequantitiesisfataltobodiesofwater

D.nitrogencanrobwaterofoxygen

4、

Themodernizationofthesewagetreatmentplantswasfinishedby______.

A.Mr.Bloomberg

B.EmilyLloydandDeniseSheehan

C.Mr.Ward

D.AttorneyGeneralEliotSpitzer

5、

Whytheauthorsuggeststhattheshorelinecommunitiesdomorethanevertosolvepollutionproblem?

A.Becausetheagreementhasnotbeenreached

B.Becausepeoplelivingalongtheshorelinewillpollutethewater.

C.Becausethefuturecityadministrationscouldnotwiggleoutofthedeal.

D.BecauseMr.WardandMs.Crottyleftpublicservice.

6、Areburgersandfriesaproductoftheprofoundsocialchangesofthepast50years,orweretheytoalargeextentresponsibleforthem?Theauthorofthisdiatribeagainstmultinationalrestaurantbrandsoptsforthelatterexplanation."Thereisnothinginevitableaboutthefastfoodnationthatsurroundsus",heconcludes."ThetriumphofMcDonald'sanditsimitatorswasbynomeanspre-ordained".Butithappenedneverthelessandinhisview,itistobeblamedformanyoftheevilsofmodernAmericaandtheirglobalspread.Theemergenceofthecorporatecolossus,followedinexorablybyitsdeionization,isafamiliarpatterninAmericanbusinesshistory.

ThemodernphenomenonoffastfoodoriginatedinCaliforniajustbeforetheSecondWorldWar.Itsfirstmanifestationwaskerbservice,withmealsdeliveredtomotoristsbyhandsomeyoungcarhops.RichardandMauriceMcDonald,whoranadrive-inburgerbarinSanBernardinonearLosAngeles,becametiredofhavingconstantlytoreplacetheircarhopsandwashupcrockeryanddishes.In1948theydecidedtomakecustomersservethemselves,whilerestrictingthemenutoitemsthatcouldbepreparedbyunskilledcooksandeatenwithoutplates,knivesorforks.

TheMcDonaldbrothersweresoonboughtoutbytheentrepreneurialRayKroc,whofranchisedtheirnameandtechniquessosuccessfullythatthereisnowscarcelyacomeroftheworldthatisfreefromtheirtrademarkgoldenarches,invariablyspawningaclusterofrivalchainssellinghamburgers,pizzas,orfriedchicken,handedoutbysmilingteenagerswillingtoacceptminimalpay.Theyarecheap,cheerful,popular,andchildrenlovethem.SojustwhatisMr.Schlosser'sbeef?Apartfromhisnutritionalreservations—toomuchfat,saltandsugar—heproveshow.asthechainsexpanded,theywereabletodictatetermstothesuppliersofpotatoesandgroundbeef,theirstapleingredients.Thiscausedanupheavalinagribusiness,asafewlargesuppliersquicklyforcedlessefficientproducersoutofthemarket.Thedrivetokeepdowncostsandincreasethespeedofproductionledtotheemploymentofcheapunskilledlaborand.tothewidespreadtolerationofdangerousandunhygienicpracticesamonggrowersandprocessors,whichregulatorybodieshavefailedtopolice.

Mr.Schlosser,whoisaskillfulandpersuasiveinvestigativereporter,seesallthisasadamagingcorruptionofthefreemarket.Heisespeciallyangeredbypromotionaltechniquesaimedatimpressionablechildren.A1997giveawayofTeenieBeanieBabiesincreasedthesaleofMcDonalds'HappyMealsfrom10maweekto10maday.Andasurveyfoundthat96%ofAmericanschoolchildrencouldidentifyRonaldMcDonald,thechain'smascot.OnlySantaClausscoredhigher.

FromtheexampleofMcDonaldtheauthorconcludesthat______.

A.thefastfoodisthegreatsocialchangeofthepast50years

B.thesuccessofmultinationalbrandswasdestined

C.thecorporatedeionizationcontributedtosomesocialchanges

D.McDonaldispopularinAmerica

7、

Theword"kerbservice"(Para.2)equatesto______.

A.restaurants'service

B.motorservice

C.familyservice

D.roadsideservice

8、

TheauthorairsMr.Schlosser'sopinioninthesecondparagraphinorderto______.

A.listthenutritionalreservation

B.supporttheproperterms

C.askthepolicetoregulatetheproductiveprocess

D.criticizefast-foodforitsnegativeeffects

9、

WhichoneofthefollowingaspectsofMcDonald'sdoesMr.Schlosserdetestmost?

A.nutritionalreservation

B.managementmodel

C.promotionmethodstochildren

D.marketingstrategy

10、

Theauthor'sattitudetowardsMcDonaldis______.

A.appreciative

B.critical

C.indifferent

D.neutral

11、Thenumberofcityschoolsputonalistforstrictscrutinybythestateforpooracademicperformancewentupslightlythisyearandthenumberofcityschoolstakenoffthelistbyshowingimprovementdropped,thestate'scommissionerofeducationannouncedyesterday.

Tencityschools—nowatriskofbeingshutdown—wereaddedtothelistofSchoolsUnderRegistrationReview,knownasSURR,bringingthetotalinthecitym40.Statewide.61schoolsareunderreview,saidthecommissioner,RichardMills.Theadditionof10cityschoolsreverseswhathadbeenatrendinthepastfewyears:thenumberofschoolsonthelisthadbeenfalling.Therewere55schoolsin2022,46in2022and35lastyear,anall-timelow.

Butthisyearanewfactorwasatwork:Thestateraisedthelevelofperformancerequiredtopassitsstandards.Inaddition,6ofthe10newlynamedschoolsaremiddleschools—andthoseschoolshaveforyearsconfoundededucatorsbyresistingtheimprovementsthathaveworkedinlowergradesandeveninhighschools.Threecityschoolswereremovedfromthelistthisyearforimprovementinacademicperformance,butthatnumberwassignificantlylowerthanthenumberremovedineachofthepastseveralyears.Forinstance,16schoolsweretakenoffthelistlastyear.

SchoolsChancellorJoelI.Kleinobservedthatthenumberofendangeredschoolsstillremainsatanear-recordlow."Nevertheless,wecannotacceptfailingperformancebyanyofourschoolsforanyreason",hesaid."Ifaschoolprovesincapableofprovidingahigh-qualityeducationmourstudentsdespiteeffortstoimproveit,itwillbeclosed".Hesaid8ofthe40schoolsthathavebeenonthelistwerescheduledmbeclosedthisyearand5morewillbeclosednextyear.ThestatealsoexpandeditsreviewprocessforthefirsttimethisyearmDistrict75,whichcoversspecialeducationschools,andoneDistrict75school,PublicSchool12intheBronx,wasputonthelist.

Despitetheadditions,Mr.Millssaidhewaspleased."Ithinkit'simpressivesincewehavebeenrinsingthebar",hesaid."Thecityhasessentiallybeenstayingaheadofamovinglocomotive".

Elsewhereinthestate,threeschoolsinBuffaloandtwoinSyracusewereaddedtothelist.The10NewYorkCityschoolsonthelistareLegacySchoolforIntegratedStudiesinManhattan;P.S.220,P.S.12,JuniorHighSchool123andMiddleSchool302intheBronx;J.H.S.265.J.H.S.57,M.S.143,IntermediateSchool291andP.S.12inBrooklyn.ThethreeschoolsremovedfromthelistareP.S.140intheBronx.RepertoryCompanyHighSchoolinManhattanandEBC/ENYHighSchoolforPublicSafetyandLawinBrooklyn.

Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopicby______.

A.posingacontrast

B.presentingaphenomenon

C.justifyinganassumption

D.makingacomparison

12、

Fromthefirst2paragraphs,wecanlearnthat______.

A.thepresenttrendisthatthenumberofschoolsonthelistisfalling

B.therearemoreschoolswhichshakeoffthebadreputationthisyear

C.thetrendthisyearisnotthesameasthatofpastfewyears

D.thereviewisnotreliable

13、

The"newfactor"inthethirdparagraphrefersthat______.

A.moremiddleschoolsareputonthelist

B.thestandardofreviewishigher

C.schoolsresisttoimprovethemselves

D.schoolsconfoundededucatorsforyears

14、

SchoolsChancellor'swordsimplythat______.

A.alltheschoolsonthelistshouldbeclosed

B.aschool'sperformanceistheonlystandardoffurtherexistence

C.anyschoolshouldn'tfindanyexcuseforthemselves

D.hehasthefinalword

15、

Fromthetextwecanconcludethattheauthor______.

A.issupportiveofthereview

B.favorsSchoolsChancellor'sview

C.issympatheticwiththoseschools

D.takesadetachedattitude

16、AnannualcensusofwolvesatYellowstoneNationalParkhasfoundasharpdropinthepopulation.Butparkbiologists,whosuspectadeadlydisease,canineparvovirus,saytheywillletnaturetakeitscourse."Parvocanbevaccinatedforandcanbetreated,butwewouldn'tdoitbecausewecouldn'tcatcheveryanimal",DanielStahler,aparkwaifbiologist,said,"Andthisallowsthemtobuildupanaturalresistance".

Thecensusfound22pups,comparedwith69lastyear.Thetotalcountofwolvesdroppedm118from171,thelowestsince2000."Itwassomewhatdevastatingtohavesuchpoorpupsurvival",Mr.Stahlersaid."Butresearchshowsthatyoungpupscanbouncebackfromitquitesuccessfully".Thatpupshavesufferedthedeclineseemstosuggesttheculpritisparvo,saidEdBangs,waifrecoverycoordinatorfortheUnitedStatesFishandWildlifeServicehere.Nursingpupsreceiveimmunityfromtheirmother'smilk.buttheimmunitydropswhennursingstops.

Thelargenumberofwolvesintheparkmightalsobeafactor."Whenyouhaveabiglitterandadultsarehavingtroublekillingenoughtofeedallthesepups,andtheanimalsarestressed,parvoflaresup",Mr.Bangssaid."Ifyouhave15brothersandsistersinsteadof3,youdon'tgetenoughtoeat;parvokillsyou".

CanineparvoviruswasdiscoveredintheUnitedStatesin1978.Extremelyhardy,thediseasespreadrapidlytodomesticdogsandthenintowildanimalpopulations.BiologistssuspectthatitwasintroducedtoYellowstonebyatourist'sinfecteddogoracoyote.Becauseparvoissohardy,itpersistsinthesoilformonths.Awolfcouldcatchitfromsimplysniffinginfectioussoil.thebiologistssaid.Thediseasehashitwolvesonthenorthernrange,theelk-filledmeadowsofthenorthernhalfofthepark,especiallyhard.Outof49pupsbornthere,8survived.

Somescientists,includingMr.Bangs,theorizethattheparkmayhaveovershotitscapacityforwolvesandthatthenumbersarenaturallyadjustingdownward,withdiseasebeingoneoftheagents.Thelong-termcarryingcapacityofthepark,hesaid,isprobably110to150wolves.

Wolveshavebeenkilledinotherways,too.Frequentencountersamongcompetingwolfpacksarethebiggestcauseofdeathamongadults.Inthefirstfiveyearsoftheirreintroductiontothepark,oneortwoanimalsayearwerekilledbyotherwolves.Thatnumberhasrisentofourorfiveayear.

Vehiclesalsotakeatoll,Fourteenwolveshavebeenkilledbyvehiclesinthelast10years,eightofthemnearMileMarker30onRoute191,astraightstretchonthewesternsideoftheparkwheremotoriststendtospeedandwolvesareplentiful.

Bysaying"letnaturetakeitscourse",thebiologistsmean______.

A.theywillvaccinatethewolves

B.theyhavenomethodtodealwiththedisease

C.theywillbuildupanaturalresistance

D.theywillnottakeanymeasure

17、

37Accordingtothethirdparagraph,Mr.Bangsholdstheviewthat______.

A.thebiglitteristhecauseofwolves'decline

B.thescarceoffoodleadstowolves'decline

C.parvohelpswolvestodealwithoverpopulationproblem

D.wolveshavetroublekillingenoughmfeed

18、

Canineparvovirusisadiseasewhich______.

A.thepupsareimmunefrom

B.onlyspreadsamongdomesticdogs

C.ishardyenoughtokeepaliveformonthsinthesoil

D.onlyhitswolvesonthenorthernrange

19、

Accordingtothefifthparagraph,thescientiststhinkthewolves'declineinnumberis______.

A.devastating

B.natural

C.adjustable

D.abnormal

20、

Thefollowingarecausesleadingtothewolves'declineinnumberEXCEPT______.

A.hunting

B.fightsamongpacks

C.vehicles

D.Canineparvovirus

21、PartB(10points)

Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-G.Someoftheparagraphshavebeenplacedforyou.(10points)

A.Whatelsemightbewrong?Money?Germany'sspendingperpupilisabitbelowtheOECDaverage.ButsoisBritain'sandBritishpupils,tothesurpriseofmanythere,figuredinthetopteninallthetests.Theorganizationofschooling,then?Thatwouldbehardmjudge.Educationistheresponsibilityofthecountry's16distinctLander(states),andthevarioussystemstheyuserangefromthehighlyselectivetothefullycomprehensive.

B.Thereismoreofaclue,perhaps,tobefoundintheteachingforceitself.Germany'sschool-teachersarerelativelywellpaid,buttheyaretoofew:Germanyhasoneofthehighestpupil-teacherratiosamongOECDcountries,andinmanysubjectsanacuteshortageofteachers.Norarenewonesflockingin:two-fifthsofallteachersareover50.Oneinthreeadmitstofeeling"burntout";nearlythree-quarterstakeearlyretirementonhealthgrounds.Inevitably,thequalityofteachingsuffers.

C."Shocking","scandalous"and"catastrophic",politicians,parentsandeducatorshavewailedinunison.AndbeneaththeaveragefigureslieothersevenmoreshockingforGermany'sdeeplydemocraticburghers:evidenceofawidegap—-oneofthewidestfoundbytheOECD'sresearchers—betweenGermany'shighest-performingstudentsanditslowest.Nearlyaquarterofits15-year-oldscouldnotreadandunderstandasimpletext.NotthatGermanycantakemuchcomfortfromtheachievementofitspupilsattheotherendofthescale.Only28%ofits15-year-oldsreachedthestudy'stoptwolevelsofreadingability,comparedwithhalfinFinland(whichwasrankedfirstoverall)andoverathirdinadozenothercountries.

D.Otherexplanationsabound.OneistheGermanzealforrotelearning,ratherthanforteachingchildrentothinkforthemselves.Anotheristheinadequatesupportgiventoweakerstudents,andtherequirementthatanypupilwhogetspoormarksinjusttwosubjectshastorepeatthewholeyear.Mostoftheother15-year-oldpupilsinvolvedintheOECDstudywereallinthesamegrade,havinggoneupwiththeircontemporariesasagroup;theGerman15-year-oldsspannedfourgrades,becausesomanyhadhadtorepeatayearormore.

E.Howcanthisbe?Whateverelse,Germanyisfamousforitsthoroughness.Itstechnicaleducationwasoneofthewondersofthe19thcentury,andlongafter.Whathasgonewrong?Almostasalarmingasthefigures,noonecantell.Blamingthelargenumberofstudentsofforeigndescent,whoaccountforoneintenpupilsinGermanschools,isnotanadequateexcuse:German-speakingAustria—yes,easy-goingAustria-cametenthinthereadingtests,althoughithasasimilarproportionofpupilsofforeigndescent.

F.SomepeopleblameGermany'scompressedschoolday,whichstartsat8a.m.andusuallyendsat1:30p.m.or2p.m.Manyparentswouldlikealaterstartandalongerday.SomeLanderaretryingoutall-dayschooling,butsofaronlyonasmallscale.Thebigneed,runsanotherargument,isformorefleekindergartenplaces,tohelp,inparticular,childrenfromnon-German-speakingimmigrantfamilies.Atthetopofthescale,ithaslongbeenarguedthatmorepupilsshouldbeencouragedtogoontohighereducation.Atpresent,only28%doso,comparedwithanOECDaverageof45%—andonly16%emerge(typically,somesixyearslater)withadegree.Sincethereportwaspublishedlastweek,Germanshavebeenrackingtheirbrainsoverallthesequestionsandmore.Nooneyethastheanswers.ButmanyGermansarealreadyconvincedthatnothingshortofa"