2023年自考專業(yè)英語英語閱讀一考前沖刺預(yù)測試卷2

自考專業(yè)(英語)英語閱讀（一）考前沖刺預(yù)測試卷2

一、CAREFULREADING

1、Pronouncingalanguageisaskill.Everynormalpersonisexpertintheskillofpronouncinghisownlanguage;butfewpeopleareevenmoderatelyproficientatpronouncingforeignlanguages.Nowtherearemanyreasonsforthis,someobvious,someperhapsnotsoobvious.ButIsuggestthatthefundamentalreasonwhypeopleingeneraldonotspeakforeignlanguagesverymuchbetterthantheydoisthattheyfailtograspthetruenatureoftheproblemoflearningtopronounce,andconsequentlypronouncingaforeignlanguageisaskillonethatneedscarefultrainingofaspecialkind,andonethatcannotbeacquiredbyjustleavingittotakecareofitself,Ithinkeventeachersoflanguagewhilerecognizingtheimportanceofagoodaccent,tendtoneglect,intheirpracticalteaching,thebranchofstudyconcernedwithspeakingthelanguage.

SothefirstpointIwanttomakeisthatEnglishpronunciationmustbetaught;theteachershouldbepreparedtodevotesomeofthelessontimetothis,andbyhiswholeattitudetothesubjectshouldgetthestudenttofeel,thathereisamatterworthyofreceivinghiscloseattention.So,thereshouldbeoccasions,whenotheraspectsofEnglish,suchasgrammarorspelling,areallowedforthemomenttotakesecondplace.

Apartfromthisquestionofthetimegiventopronunciation,therearetwootherrequirementsfortheteacher:thefirst,knowledge;thesecond,technique.

Itisimportantthattheteachershouldbeinpossessionofthenecessaryinformation.Thiscangenerallybeobtainedfrombooks.Itispossibletogetfrombookssomeideaofthemechanicsofspeech,andofwhatwecallgeneralphonetictheory.Itisalsopossibleinthiswaytogetaclearmentalpictureoftherelationshipbetweenthesoundsofdifferentlanguages,betweenthespeechhabitsofEnglishpeopleandthose,say,ofyourstudents.Unlesstheteacherhassuchapicture,anycommentshemaymakeonhisstudentspronunciationareunlikelytobeofmuchuse,andlessontimespentonpronunciationmaywellbetimewasted.

Butitdoesnotfollowthatyoucanteachpronunciationsuccessfullyassoonasyouhavereadthenecessarybooks.Itdependsafterthatwhatuseyoumakeofyourknowledge;andthisisamatteroftechnique.Whatdoesthewriteractuallysayaboutpronouncingforeignlanguages?()

A.Onlyafewpeoplearereallyproficient.

B.Nooneisreallyanexpertintheskill.

C.Therearen'tmanypeoplewhoareevenfairlygood.

D.Thereareevensomepeoplewhoaremoderatelyproficient.

2、Thebestwayoflearningtospeakaforeignlanguagehesuggestsisby______.()

A．pickingitupnaturallyasachild

B．learningfromanativespeaker

C．notconcentratingonpronunciationassuch

D．undertakingsystematicwork

3、Whatisitthatteachersaresaidtobeinclinedtoforget?()

A．Thepracticalteachingoflanguages.

B．Theimportanceofagoodaccent.

C．Theprinciplesofphonetictheory.

D．Theteachingofpronunciationintheclassroom.

4、Thevaluethestudentputsoncorrectspeechhabitsdependsupon______.()

A．howcloselyheattendstothematter

B．whetheritisEnglishthatisbeingtaught

C．histeacher'sapproachtopronunciation

D．theimportancenormallygiventogrammarandspelling

5、Howmighttheteacherfindhimselfwastinglessontime?()

A．Byspendinglessontimeonpronunciation.

B．Bymakingill-informedcommentsuponpronunciation.

C．Bynotusingbooksonphoneticsintheclassroom.

D．Bynotgivingstudentsaclearmentalpictureofthedifferencebetweensounds.

6、Ondayswhenthereiswork,Italktotheotherguys.SomeofthemtellmethattheharvestseasoniscominginnorthernCalifornia,andtheysaythatonecanearngoodmoneythere.Thingshaventgonesobadlyinthecarwash,butoneafternoonIgivethemanagermythanksforhavinghiredandpromotedme,andwithalittlesuitcasethatnightIboardaGreyhoundheadednorth.MyticketismadeoutforSanFrancisco,butIdontplantogothatfar.IplantorideuntilIhadaplacewherepeopleareharvesting,andtogetoffthebusthere.

Isleeponthebusforafewhoursthatnight,andinthemorning,whenIawake,Idontknowwhereweare.Igetupfrommyseatandwalkdownthebusaisle,lookingforaMexicanorChicanototellmeourlocation,butoddlyenoughIdontseeanyamongthepassengers,whoareallwhite-skinned.Ipayattentiontotheroadsignswepass,buttheyarenotofmuchhelp.Icanreadthetownnames,butIdontknowwherethetownslie.Amapwouldhelpme,andIdecidetobuyoneatournextstop.Lotsofthingsareforsaleatthebusstopsgiftshop,buttherearenomaps.Idirectmyselftowardstheshopsoperator,butIrunintothelanguagebarrier.TheoperatorisanAnglo,andwhenIspeaktohiminSpanish,hesaysthathedoesntunderstand.ItrytopracticemyveryprecariousEnglishwithhim,butitsofnouse.IhavearoughideaofthesoundofthewordsthatIwanttosay,butIcantpronouncethemright.Imakesigns,signalingabigpieceofpaperandsayfromCalifornia,butheturnsintoaquestionmark,witheyeswideopen,armsraisedandhandsextended.Map,Isay,butIdontpronouncethewordverywell.Freeways,streets,Iadd,buthestilldoesntunderstand.Hepointsoutchewinggum,candies,piecesofcake,sandwiches,softdrinks,andcigarettes,tryingtoguesswhatImaskingfor.Buthedoesntshowmeanymaps.Finally,Ibackoutofthestore,andas1leaveIhearhimsay,Imsorry.

Alittlebeforethebusleaves,IrunintoaMexican-AmericaninahallwayandIimmediatelyaskhimtohelpmefindamapofCalifornia.Wegobacktothestore.TheChicanoasksforamap.Ahh!Ahaaa!theoperatorexclaims.ThenhegoestoacornerofhisshelvesandtakesoutwhatIvebeenaskingfor.WhileIampayinghim,hetalkstotheChicanoinajoyfultone.Withthemapinmyhands,IgivetheChicanomythanks,andheexplainsthatthestorekeeperthinksthatIamaskingifheneedsanybodytocleanthefloorormop.ThewriterdecidedtoleavehisjobandgotonorthernCaliforniabecause______.()

A.hisbossdidn'tlikehim

B.thingsweregoingbadlyinthecarwash

C.hethoughthecouldearnmoremoney

D.therewasn'talwayswork

7、Thewriterwantedamapinorderto______.()

A．findthewaytoSanFrancisco

B．helphimwiththeroadsigns

C．knowwherehewasinrelationtotheentiretrip

D．findhiswaybacktohisworkplace

8、Fromthepassage,wecaninferthat______.()

A．theowneroftheshopdidnotwanttosellthewriteramap

B．thewriterwasfiredfromthecarwash

C．thewriterwasamigrantfarmworker

D．thewriterwastravelingwithafriendwhocouldspeakEnglish

9、Thewritertriestomakehimselfunderstoodbyallthefollowingexcept______.()

A．gestures

B．wordsorphrases

C．pronunciations

D．spellingtheword

10、Wecanlearnfromthestorythat______.()

A．incorrectpronunciationsmayresultinmisunderstanding

B．immigrantsusuallyhaveahardtimeintheforeigncountries

C．a(chǎn)foreignlanguagecanbelearnedthroughconversations

D．travelingalonebringsunexpectedtroublesandproblems

11、Somepeoplebelievethatinternationalsportcreatesgoodwillbetweennationsandthat,ifcountriesplaygamestogether,theywilllearntolivetogether.Otherssaythattheoppositeistrue:internationalcontestsencouragefalsenationalprideandleadtomisunderstandingandhatred.Thereisprobablysometruthinbotharguments,butinrecentyearstheOlympicGameshavedonelittletosupporttheviewthatsportencouragesinternationalbrotherhood.Apartfromtragicincidentsinvolvingthemurderofathletes,theGameswerealsoruinedbylesserincidentscausedprincipallybyinternationalcontests.

Onecountryreceiveditssecond-placemedalswithvisibleindignationafterahockeyfinal.Therehadbeennoisyscenesattheendofthehockeymatch,thelosersobjectingtothefinaldecision.Theywereconvincedthatoneoftheirgoalsshouldnothavebeendisallowedandthattheiropponentsvictorywasunfair.Theirmanagerwasinaragewhenhesaid:Thiswasnthockey.HockeyandtheInternationalHockeyFederationarefinished.ThepresidentoftheFederationsaidlaterthatsuchbehavior.couldresultinthesuspensionoftheteamforatleastthreeyears.TheAmericanbasketballteamannouncedthattheywouldnotyieldfirstplacetoRussia,afteradisputableendtotheircontest.Thegamehadendedindisturbance.ItwasthoughtatfirstthattheUnitedStateshadwonbyasinglepoint,butitwasannouncedthattherewerestillthreesecondstoplay.ARussianplayerthenthrewtheballfromoneendofthecourttotheother,andanotherplayerpoppeditintothebasket.ItwasthefirsttimetheU.S.AhadeverlostanOlympicbasketballmatch.Ajudgingpaneldebatedthematterforfourandahalfhourswithoutchangingtheoriginaldecision.TheAmericanplayersthenvotednottoreceivethesilvermedals.

Incidentsofthiskindwillcontinueaslongassportisplayedcompetitivelyratherthanfortheloveofthegame.Thesuggestionthatathletesshouldcompeteasindividuals,oronnon-nationalteams,mightbetoomuchtohopefor,butinthepresentorganizationoftheOlympicsthereisfartoomuchthatencouragesaggressivepatriotism.Theauthorcitestwoexamplesinthepassagetoshowthat______.()

A.athletesshouldcompeteasindividuals

B.sportsencourageaggressivepatriotism

C.athletesshouldcompeteonnationalteams

D.sportsencourageinternationalbrotherhood

12、TheAmericanbasketballplayerseventually______.()

A．hadtoagreewiththejudgingpanel

B．hadtoyieldthefirstplacetoRussia

C．decidednottoreceivethesilvermedals

D．decidedtoprotestagainsttheunfairdecision

13、Theword"indignation"(para.2)isclosestinmeaningto______.()

A．rage

B．pleasure

C．misery

D．temper

14、Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthesuggestionmentionedinthelastparagraphis______()

A．modest

B．realistic

C．impractical

D．unreasonable

15、Theauthor'sattitudetowardthepresentorganizationoftheOlympicsis______.()

A．positive

B．negative

C．impartial

D．Satirical

16、Itbeganasagame:highschoolandcollegestudentsstudyingcomputertechnologyfiguredouttheycouldusepersonalcomputerstobreakintotelephonecompanycomputersandmakefree,long-distancetelephonecalls.Theseyoungcomputerwizardssoongainedthenicknamehackers.

Policeputthecollaronafewhackers,butmanywentontoevenmorecomplexhacking.Onehackerwasarrestedformakingillegaltelephonecallsandlaterusedajailhousephonetoalterapoliceofficerscreditrecordstogetbackattheofficerforarrestinghim.Thehackeralsousedacomputertoalterhiscollegerecordstogivehimselfbettergrades.Ashackersgainedexperience,theybeganinvadingcomputersatbanks,airlinesandotherbusinesses.Inonescheme,ahackerinstructedanairlinescomputertogivehimfreeairplanetickets.

TheU.S.governmentisworriedhackersmaybreakintoitssophisticatednetworksofdefensecomputer.Thegovernmentsclassifiedsecretsarevulnerablebecausethousandsofgovernmentcomputersareconnectedbytelephonelinesthathackerscantapinto.InNovember1988,acollegestudenttappedintoanonclassifiedU.S.DefenseDepartmentcomputernetworkcalledArpanet.ThehackerinjectedacomputerprogramthatleftcopiesofitselfthroughoutArpanet.Somehackersuseeachvirusestodestroyallthedatainacomputer.Butinthiscase,governmentofficialsshutdownthenetworkbeforetheprogramreachedeverycomputerinthesystem.Shuttingdownthesystemangeredmanyresearcherswhowereusingthecomputers.Thehackerturnedhimselfintopoliceandtoldthemhowtogethisprogramoutofthecomputersystem.Hewaschargedwithacrime.

TheincidentputthespotlightoncomputerhackingintheUnitedStates.Manycompanieshavehiredexpertstoprotecttheircomputersfromhackers,andmanycomputerexpertsnowadvisecompaniesonhowtoprotecttheircomputers.

TheU.S.governmentbelievesforeigngovernmentshavehiredhackerstotrytobreakintotop-secretdefensecomputers.Itfearsahackercouldinjectavirusintomilitarycomputersthatwoulderaseallthedataduringawar.

Expertsdisagreeoverwhetheracomputernetworkcaneverbesafefromhacking.Butinthefuture,someofthemostbrilliantmindsintheU.S.willbeworkingtofrustratetheeffortsofcomputerhackersandspies.Themainideaofthearticleis______()

A.computerhackersonlywanttomakefreelongdistancephonecalls

B.thegovernmentwantstohirecomputerhackerstospyontheRussians

C.computerhackersareathreattoprivatecompaniesandgovernmentsecrets

D.manycompanieshavehiredexpertstoprotecttheircomputersfromhackerswhocarryviruses

17、Acomputer"virus"islikeahumanvirusbecauseit______.()

A．makesacomputercoughandthrowup

B．spreadsfromonecomputertoothercomputers

C．caneraseaperson'sdoctorbills

D．requiresregularvisitstoadoctor

18、Ahackercanbedangerousbecause______.()

A．heknowshowtomakefreelong-distancetelephonecalls

B．vitalinformationisstoredincomputers,andahackerknowshowtochangeorerasetheinformation

C．onceinjail,hecanuseatelephonetooperatehiscomputer

D．a(chǎn)hackerwhostealsafreeairplaneticketmightdepriveadoctorofthatseatontheairplane

19、U.S.governmentcomputersarevulnerabletoahackerbecause______.()

A．thegovernmentalwayspaysitstelephonebillsontime

B．theRussiansknowwhat'sintheU.S.computers

C．virusesattackonlygovernmentcomputers

D．manygovernmentcomputersareconnectedbytelephonelines

20、Inthefuture______.()

A．SomeofthemostbrilliantmindsinAmericawillbeworkingtotrytostopcomputerhackersandspies

B．hackerswillbegininvadingcomputersatbanks,airlinesandotherbusinesses

C．manycomputerhackerswillbearrestedformakingfreetelephonecalls

D．somecomputerhackerswillturnthemselvesintothepolice

二、SPEEDREADING

1、ThomasAlvaEdisonwasawardedmorepatentsoninventionsthananyofotherAmerican.Whenhediedin1931,Americanswonderedhowtheycouldbestshowtheirrespectforhim.

Onesuggestionwasthatthenationobserveaminuteortwooftotalblackout.Allelectricpowerwouldbeshutoffinhomes,streets,andfactories.

PerhapsthissuggestedplanmadeAmericansrealizefullywhatEdisonandhisinventionsmeanttothem.Electricpowerwastooimportanttothecountry.Shuttingitoffforevenashorttimewouldhaveledtocompleteconfusion.Ablackoutwasoutofthequestion.

OnthedayofEdisonsfuneral,manypeoplesilentlydimmedtheirlights.Inthiswaytheyhonoredthemanwhohaddonemorethananyoneelsetoputthegreatforceofelectricityathiscountrymensfingertips.Whatdoestheunderlinedblackoutmeaninthispassage?()

A.Aperiodofdarknesscausedbyanelectricalpowerfailure.

B.Atemporarylossofconsciousness,sightormemory.

C.Acoveringforwindowsthatstopslightbeingseenfromoutside,orlightoutsidefromcomingintoaroom.

D.Asituationwhenthegovernmentorthepublicwillnotallowanynewsorinformationonaparticularsubjecttobegiventothepublic.

2、Thesuggestedplanwasto______()

A．turnoffthelightsinfactoriesandschools

B．observeafewminutesoftotalsilence

C．dimallelectriclights

D．shutoffallelectricityforashorttime

3、AmericansfullyrealizedwhatEdison'sinventionsmeantwhenthey______.()

A．heardofhisdeath

B．heardoftheplantohonorhim

C．firstusedelectricpower

D．triedtocarryouttheplan

4、Theplanwasnevercarriedoutbecause______.()

A．noteveryonewantedtohonorEdison

B．itwastoodifficult

C．electricpowerwastooimportanttothecountry

D．ithonoredonlyoneofEdison'sinventions

5、OnthedayofEdison'sfuneral,inwhichwaypeoplehonoredhim?()

A．Theyshutoffelectricpowerintheirownhomes.

B．Theyshutoffelectricpowerinthestreets.

C．Theyshutoffelectricpowerintheirfactories.

D．Theysilentlydimmedtheirlights.

6、Ingeneral,assoonasthenewbornchildsmuscles,senseorgans,andnervesarefullyformed,thechildbeginstousethem.Butmuchofthehumannervoussystemisnotfullydevelopeduntilthechildisayearortwoold,andsomeparts,suchasthecorpuscallosum,continuetomatureforatleastthenext20years.

Thegeneralpatternofbodilydevelopmentisfromheadtofoot.Simpleskills,suchasheadmovements,appearfirstbecausethestructuresthatcontroltheseskillsareamongthefirsttomature.Morecomplexbehavior.patterns,suchascrawling,standing,andwalking,comemuchlaterinthedevelopmentalsequencethanheadmovementsdo.

Themotorcentersinthebrainareconnectedbylongnervefibers(usuallythroughoneormoresynapses)tothemusclesinvariouspartsofthebody.Sincetheheadmusc