2023年考研外語押題預(yù)測卷9

考研外語押題預(yù)測卷9

一、UseofEnglish

1、TothepeopleoftheBijagosarchipelago,thesharkissacred.In(1)_____ceremoniesyoungmenfromtheseislands(2)_____thecoastofGuinea-Bissaumustspearasharkandpresentthelivertotheir(3)_____Butcanthisancientceremony(4)_____theeconomicfactthatabowlofshark'sfinsoupcancost$150intheFarEast?

Inthearchipelago,andallalongWestAfrica'scoast,sharksarebeing"finned"to(5)_____Fishermencanearn$50-80(6)_____akiloofsharks'fins,farmorethanordinaryfish.Bythetimethey(7)_____theFarEast,theycouldbe(8)_____$500akiloormorevaluable(9)_____aphrodisiacsaswellasforgourmets.

Thehighdemandis(10)_____sharkpopulationsinWestAfricaandelsewhere.Mostfish,vulnerableto(11)_____eatenbybiggerfish,protecttheirspeciesbylayingmillionsofeggs.Butthesharkhasnonaturalenemy(12)_____man,andgivesbirthtojusta(13)_____ofyoung.(14)_____femaleharksareoftencaught(15)_____pregnant,theresulthasbeenpredictablydisastrous.Shark-likesawfish,whicharealso"finned",arealreadyvirtually(16)_____offtheBijagosislands,andguitarfishare(17)_____threat.

InsomepartsofWestAfrica,whensharksandothersimilarfishhavebeenfinned,therestofthefleshisoften(18)_____,saltedandexportedtoplaceslikeGhana,wherethereisa(19)_____forlt.Driedsharkisusedmuch(20)_____astockcubewouldbeelsewhere.ButintheBijagosislands,wheretradersareuninterestedinexportingdriedshark,carcassesareoftenlefttorotonthebeach.

A.beginning

B.start

C.initiation

D.initial

2、(2)

A.above

B.along

C.on

D.off

3、(3)

A.elders

B.ancestors

C.family

D.relatives

4、(4)

A.endure

B.liveon

C.outlast

D.survive

5、(5)

A.death

B.die

C.dying

D.bedied

6、(6)

A.by

B.for

C.at

D.from

7、(7)

A.attain

B.reach

C.arrive

D.achieve

8、(8)

A.worthful

B.worthwhile

C.worthy

D.worth

9、(9)

A.as

B.like

C.becauseof

D.for

10、(10)

A.mining

B.devastating

C.destroying

D.spoiling

11、(11)

A.being

B.be

C.been

D.is

12、(12)

A.excluding

B.besides

C.but

D.beside

13、(13)

A.hand

B.little

C.few

D.handful

14、(14)

A.When

B.Since

C.Because

D.As

15、(15)

A.when

B.as

C.during

D.whist

16、(16)

A.destroyed

B.extinct

C.died

D.vanished

17、(17)

A.in

B.under

C.at

D.below

18、(18)

A.parched

B.dry

C.drying

D.dried

19、(19)

A.demand

B.need

C.want

D.request

20、(20)

A.same

B.liking

C.as

D.alike

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

ThegapbetweenthosewhohaveaccesstocomputersandtheInternetandthosewhocouldn'tspelltroublenotonlyforclassroomlearningtoday,butinturnforproducingthekindofstudentswhoarereadytocompeteforthejobsoftomorrow.Bytheyear2000,60percentofalljobswillrequirehigh-techcomputerskills.Overthenextsevenyears,accordingtoBureauofLaborstatistics,computerandtechnologyrelatedjobswillgrowbyanastounding70percent."Weasanationaremissingtheopportunityofalifetime",insistsRiley."Theabilityofallstudentstolearnatthehighestlevelswiththegreatestresourcesandhavethepromiseofafutureofrealopportunity-thisisthepotentialoftechnology".

Rileyproposesdosingthegapsintechnologyaccessbyprovidingdiscountedservicesforschoolsandlibraries.The1996TelecommunicationsActcalledforprovidingallK-12publicandnonprofitprivateschools,aswellaslibraries,withdiscounts-anEducationRate,orE-Ratefortelecommunicationservices,inMay1997,theFederalCommunicationsCommissionunanimouslyvotedtoprovide$2.25billionayearindiscountsrangingfrom20to90percentonaslidingscale,withthebiggestdiscountsforthepoorestschools.(TheE-RatecoversInternetaccessandinternalschoolconnections,butnotcomputersorsoftware.)ThefirstroundofapplicationsforthediscountsendedinApril1998withmorethan30,000received,intimeforthebeginningoftheschoolyear.WiththeE-Rateinplace,itwashopedthatmostU.S.classroomswouldbeconnectedtotheInternet(upfrom44percentnow),includingalmosteveryclassroominthenation's50largestschooldistricts.However,criticismfromCongressandthetelecommunicationsindustryledtheFCCinJurmtoreducetheamountavailablefor1998to$1.3billion.

Still,theimportanceofconnectingourschoolstothisvastandpotentiallypowerfullearningtoolcalledtheInternetistakinghold.InaJunecommencementaddressatMIT,thefirstbyasittingpresidenttobebroadcastontheInternet,PresidentClintonfirmlyemphasizedtheneedtoeliminatethedigitaldivide.

"Untileverychildhasacomputerintheclassroomandtheskillstouseit,untileverystudentcantaptheenormousresourcesoftheInternet,untileveryhightechcompanycanfindskilledworkerstofillitshigh-techjobs,AmericawillmissthefullpromiseoftheInformationAge",henoted."Thechoice",hesaid,"issimple.WecanextendopportunitytodaytoallAmericansorleavemebehind.Wecaneraselinesofinequityoretchthemindelibly.Wecanacceleratethemostpowerfulengineofgrowthandprosperitytheworldhaseverknown,orallowtheenginetostall".

Inthepassage,theword"spell"(Sentence1,Paragraph1)probablymeans______.

A.nameorwritethelettersofaword

B.form

C.mean

D.solve

2、

Inordertogetthediscountsinquestion,theschoolsorlibrarieshaveto______.

A.buycomputersandsoftware

B.submitapplications

C.bewithinthe50largestschooldistricts

D.beconnectedtotheInternet

3、

Whatwouldeventuallyhappenifthegapintechnologyaccessremainsunclosed?

A.Somestudentswouldlagbehindinscienceandmath.

B.Somestudentswouldn'tbeabletogettheE-rate.

C.Somegraduateswouldnothavetheskillstousethecomputer.

D.Somegraduateswouldbeatadisadvantageinfindingjobs.

4、

Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.TheDigitalDivide

B.TheNecessityofEliminatingtheDigitalDivide

C.HowtoClosetheGapsinTechnology

D.DiscountedServices

5、

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthestatementsisNOTtrue?

A.Moreandmorejobsrequirehigh-techcomputerskills.

B.Thetelecommunicationindustryobjectstoprovidingdiscountedservicestoschoolsandlibraries.

C.AmericawillmissthebrightfutureoftheInformationAge.

D.ManypeopleagreethatInternetisaveryimportantlearningtool.

6、Amajorreasonmostexpertstodaysupportconceptssuchasayouthservicesbureauisthattraditionalcorrectionalpracticesfailtorehabilitatemanydelinquentyouth.Ithasbeenestimatedthatasmanyas70percentofallyouthwhohavebeeninstitutionalizedareinvolvedinnewoffensesfollowingtheirrelease.Contemporarycorrectionalinstitutionsareusuallyisolated—geographicallyandsocially—fromthecommunitiesinwhichmostoftheirinmateslive.Inaddition,rehabilitativeprogramsinthetypicaltrainingschoolandreformatoryfocusontheindividualdelinquentratherthantheenvironmentalconditionswhichfosterdelinquency.

Finally,manyinstitutionsdonotplayanadvocacyroleonbehalfofthosecommittedtotheircare.Theyfailtodoanythingconstructiveaboutthehack-homeconditions-family,school,work—facedbytheyouthfulinmates.Asaresult,tooofteninstitutionalizationservesasabarriertothesuccessfulreturnofformerinmatestotheircommunities.

Perhapsthemostseriousconsequenceofsendingyouthtolarge,centralizedinstitutions,however,isthattoofrequentlytheyserveasatraininggroundforcriminalcareers.Theclassicexampleoftheadultoffenderwholeavesprisonmoreknowledgeableinthewaysofcrimethanwhenheenteredisnolesstrueofthejuvenilecommittedtoacorrectionalfacility.Thefailuresoftraditionalcorrectionalinstitutions,then,pointtotheneedforthedevelopmentofafullrangeofstrategiesandtreatmenttechniquesasalternativestoincarceration.

Mostexpertstodayfavortheuseofsmall,decentralizedcorrectionalprogramslocatedin,orcloseto,communitieswheretheyoungoffenderlives.Half-wayhouses,ail-dayprobationprograms,vocationaltrainingandjobplacementservices,remedialeducationactivities,andstreetworkingprogramsareamongthecommunity-basedalternativesavailableforworkingwithdelinquentandpotentiallydelinquentyouth.

Overandaboveallthehumanfactorscited,thecaseforcommunity-basedprogramsisfurtherstrengthenedwhencostisconsidered.Themostrecent'figuresshowthatmore$258millionisbeingspentannuallyonpublicinstitutionsfordelinquentyouth.Theaverageannualoperatingexpenditureforeachincarceratedyouthisestimatedatalittleoverfivethousanddollars,significantlymorethanthecostofsendingaboyorgirltothebestprivatecollegeforthesameperiodoftime.

Thecontinuingincreaseinjuveniledelinquencyratesonlyservestoheightenthedrasticunder-financing,thelackofadequatelytrainedstaff,andthesevereshortageofmanpowerthatcharacterizevirtuallyeveryjuvenilecorrectionsystem.

Thecontentofthisselectioncanbestbedescribedas______.

A.narrative

B.satirical

C.expository

D.argumentative

7、

Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?

A.Astodelinquentyouth,decentralizedcorrectionalprogramsaremoreeffectivethantraditionalcorrectionalpractices.

B.Correctionalinstitutionsaresuperiortoyouthservicesbureausinthattheycentralizedelinquentyouth.

C.Mostdelinquentyouthareliabletobeinvolvedinnewoffences.

D.Thereasonwhymanyexpertsprefercorrectionalinstitutionsisthattheysucceedinrehabilitatingdelinquentyouth.

8、

Whichofthefollowingstatementsisfalse?

A.Correctionalinstitutionsarefarawayfromthecommunitiesinwhichdelinquentyouth'sinmateslive.

B.Correctionalinstitutionsfailtohelptheyoungoffendertocopewithproblemsaftertheygobackhome.

C.Correctionalinstitutionsaretraininggroundforcriminalcareers.

D.Therehabilitativeprogramsincorrectionalinstitutionsfocusonenvironmentalfactors.

9、

Theword"incarceration"(Paragraph3)probablymeans______.

A.imprisonment

B.program

C.offend

D.crime

10、

Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A.Drasticunder-financingleadstohighjuveniledelinquencyrates.

B.Juvenilecorrectionsystemisinurgentneedofmanpoweraswellastrainedstaff.

C.Duetothehighpressureandmisunderstanding,juveniledelinquencyisontherise.

D.Everyjuvenilecorrectionsystemisfacedwiththesameproblems.

11、WhenIwasinhighschool,Ihadalmostnoindividualidentityleft.IwasaHillcrestHuskyandallotherhighschoolswereenemies.Iwasawrestlerandalltheothersportswerewimps.Iwasonthedebateteamandeveryoneelsewasdumb.

Atmyhighschool,everyonehadagroup;noonewasanindividual.Wait,Itakethatback.Therewereafewindividuals,buttheywerecompletelyoutcastfromoursocialorder.NeverinmylifecanIrememberstrongerfeelingsofhateinhighschool.Butwenevercalledithate.Wecalleditloyalty.

Asadults,mostofusarebetteratbeinganindividualthanwewereinhighschool,buttheinfluencesofgroupidentitycontinuetopromotecompetitionandprejudiceinourworld.Ifyouarelikeme,youwanttoavoidteachingrivalry,conflictandprejudicetoyourchildren.

Onepossiblestrategyforstoppingthenegativeinfluencesofgroupidentitywouldbe:recognizeandreplay.Lookfortheprejudiceinyourlifeandreplaceitwithcharity.Treateverypersonasanindividualandignorethesocialclassificationscreatedbyagroup-dependentworld.

AgoodfriendandIoncediscussedourdifferingreligionsbeliefs.HeidentifiedwithacertaingroupandIwithanother.Becauseofourdependenceongroupidentity,ourconversationsrevolvedaroundthebeliefsofthegroups.Ourindividualbeliefs,whichwerequitesimilar,tookabackseatwhilewediscussedtopicsweknewlittleabout.Wedefendedourgroupsevenwhenwedidnotunderstandorknowtheofficialgrouppositiononmanyissues.Theresultingrivalryhasdamagedourfriendshipeversince.

Mhissituationisexactlywhatscriptureandwisdomteachustoavoid.HowstupidIwastojudgemyfriendbyagroupstandard!HowstupidIwastodefendmyowngroupeveninareasIknewnothingabout!IhopeIcanteachmychildrentobehavedifferently.

Here,Ihaveusedreligiousbeliefstopointonlyoneareainwhichtheinfluenceofgroupidentitycancreateproblems.Therearemanyotherstoconsideralso.Someofthesearemarriage,race,culture,language,geographicorigin,education,andbehavior.Weshouldtreatallpeopleasindividualsregardlessoftheseconditions.

Finally,loyaltyandgroupidentityarenotalwaysbad.Attimes,theycanhelpalonelypersontofeellovedorabrokensoultofeelsuccess.Groupidentitycanalsohelpustoliveahigherstandard.Butpositivepeerpressureshouldneverreplaceindividual,one-to-oneactsofserviceandlove.

Accordingtothearticle,______camealongwithgroupidentity.

A.rivalry

B.prejudice

C.conflicts

D.alloftheabove

12、

Accordingtotheauthor______wasemphasizedinhighschool.

A.individualidentity

B.groupidentity

C.excellentability

D.highscores

13、

Whydidtheauthordamagethefriendshipwithhisgoodfriend?

A.Becausetheirgroupbeliefsweredissimilar.

B.Becausetheirgroupbeliefsweresimilar.

C.Becausetheirindividualbeliefsweredissimilar.

D.Bemusetheirindividualbeliefsweresimilar.

14、

ThefollowingstatementsarethereasonsthatclarifygroupidentityarenotalwaysbadEXCEPT______.

A.theycanhelpalonelypersontofeelloved

B.theycanheapabrokensoultofeelsuccess

C.theycanhelpapersontoliveahigherstandard

D.theycanpromotecompetition

15、

Wecaninferfromthearticlethatauthor'sattitudetowardgroupidentityis______.

A.biased

B.fairandjust

C.subjective

D.emotional

16、Althoughrecentyearshaveseensubstantialreductionsinnoxiouspollutantsfromindividualmotorvehicles,thenumberofsuchvehicleshasbeensteadilyincreasing.Consequentlymorethan100citiesintheUnitedStatesstillhavelevelsofcarbonmonoxide,particulatematter,andozone(generatedbyphotochemicalreactionswithhydrocarbonsfromvehicleexhaust)thatexceedlegallyestablishedlimits.Thereisagrowingrealizationthattheonlyeffectivewaytoachievefurtherreductionsinvehicleemissions—shortofamassiveshiftawayfromtheprivateautomobile—istoreplaceconventionaldieselfuelandgasolinewithcleaner-burningfuelssuchascompressednaturalgas,liquefiedpetroleumgas,ethanol,ormethanol.

Allofthesealternativesarecarbon-basedfuelswhosemoleculesaresmallerandsimplerthanthoseofgasoline.Thesemoleculesburnmomcleanlythangasoline,inpartbecausetheyhavefewer,ifany,carbon-carbonbonds,andthehydrocarbonstheydoemitarelesslikelytogenerateozone.Thecombustionoflargermolecules,whichhavemultiplecarbon-carbonbonds,involvesamorecomplexseriesofreaction.Thesereactionsincreasetheprobabilityofincompletecombustionandaremorelikelytoreleaseun-combustedandphoto-chemicallyactivehydrocarboncompoundsintotheatmosphere.Ontheotherhand,alternativefuelsdohavedrawbacks.Compressednaturalgaswouldrequirethatvehicleshaveasetofheavyfueltanks—aseriousliabilityintermsofperformanceandfuelefficiency-andliquefiedpetroleumgasfacesfundamentallimitsinsupply.

Ethanolandmethanol,ontheotherhand,haveimportantadvantagesoverothercarbonbasedalternativefuels:theyhaveahigherenergycontentpervolumeandwouldrequireminimalchangesintheexistingnetworkfordistributingmotorfuel.Ethanoliscommonlyusedasagasolinesupplement,butkiscurrentlyabouttwiceasexpensiveasmethanol,thelowcostofwhichisoneofitsattractivefeatures.Methanol'smostattractivefeature,however,isthatitcanreducebyabout90percentthevehicleemissionsthatform.ozone,themostseriousurbanairpollutant.

Likeanyalternativefuel,methanalhasitscritics.Yetmuchofthecriticismisbasedontheuseof"gasolinedone"vehiclesthatdonotincorporateeventhesimplestdesignimprovementsthataremadepossiblewiththeuseofmethanol.Itistrue,forexample,thatagivenvolumeofmethanolprovidesonlyaboutone-halfoftheenergythatgasolineanddieselfueldo;otherthingsbeingequal,thefueltankwouldhavetobesomewhatlargerandheavier.However,sincemethanol-fueledvehiclescouldbedesignedtobemuchmoreefficientthan"gasolineclone"vehiclesfueledwithmethanol,theywouldneedcomparativelylessfuelVehiclesincorporatingonlythesimplestoftheengineimprovementsthatmethanolmakesfeasiblewouldstillcontributetoanimmediatelesseningofurbanairpollution.

Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith______.

A.counteringaflawedargumentthatdismissesapossiblesolutiontoproblem

B.reconcilingcontradictorypointsofviewaboutthenatureofaproblem

C.identifyingthestrengthsofpossiblesolutionstoaproblem

D.discussingaproblemandarguinginfavorofonesolutiontoit

17、

Accordingtothepassage,incompletecombustionismorelikelytooccurwithgasolinethanwithanalternativefuelbecause______.

A.thecombustionofgasolinereleasesphoto-chemicallyactivehydrocarbons

B.thecombustionofgasolineinvolvesanintricateseriesofreactions

C.gasolinemoleculeshaveasimplemolecularstructure

D.gasolineiscomposedofsmallmolecules

18、

Whichofthefollowingaboutairpollutiondoesthepassagesuggest?

A.Furtherattemptstoreduceemissionsfromgasoline-fueledvehicleswillnorhelplowerurbanairpollutionlevels.

B.Attemptstoreducethepollutantsthatanindividualgasoline-fueledvehicleemitshavebeenlargelyunsuccessful.

C.Fewseriousattemptshavebeenmadetoreducetheamountofpollutantsemittedbygasolinefueledvehicles.

D.Pollutantsemittedbygasoline-fueledvehiclesarenotthemostcriticalsourceofurbanairpollution.

19、

Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorsuggestasthemostappealingfeatureofmethanol?

A.Itissubstantiallylessexpensivethanethanol.

B.Itcouldbeprovidedtoconsumersthroughtheexistingmotorfueldistributionsystem.

C.Itsusewouldsubstantiallyreduceozonelevels.

D.Itsusewouldmakedesignimprovementsinindividualvehiclesfeasible.

20、

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatavehiclespecificallydesignedtousemethanolforfuelwould______.

A.besomewhatlighterintotalbodyweightthanaconventionalvehiclefueledwithgasoline

B.bemoreexpensivetooperatethanaconventionalvehiclefueledwithgasoline

C.havealargerandmorepowerfulenginethanaconventionalvehiclefueledwithgasoline

D.goaveragemoremilespergallonthana"gasolineclone"vehiclefueledwithmethanol

21、PartB(10points)

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist(A、B、C、D、E、F、G……)tofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Thereareseveralextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.(10points)

Thejobofraisingchildrenisatoughone.Childrendon'tcomewithaninstructionmanual.Andeachchildisdifferent.(41)______.

ToAmericans,thegoalofparentsistohelpchildrenstandontheirowntwofeet.Frominfancy,eachchildmaygethisorherownroom.Aschildrengrow,theygainmorefreedomtomaketheirownchoices.Teenagerschoosetheirownformsofentertainment,aswellasthefriendstosharethemwith.(42)______.Butoncethey"leavethenest"ataround18to21yearsold,theywanttobeontheirown,not"tiedtotheirmother'sapronstrings".

(43)______.Whenchildrenbecomeadults,theirrelationshipwiththeirparentsbecomesmorelikeafriendshipamongequals.Butcontrarytopopularbelief,mostadultAmericansdon'tmaketheirparentspayforroomandboardwhentheycometovisit.Evenasadults,theyrespectandhonortheirparents.

(44)______.ManyAmericanshavestrongfeelingsaboutwhichtypeofarrangementisbest.Somearguethatattendingadaycarecentercanbeapositiveexperienceforchildren.Othersinsistthatmothersarethebestcaregiversforchildren.Anumberofwomenarenowleavingtheworkforcetobecomefull-timehomemakers.

(45)______.Manyparentsfeelthatanold-fashionedspankinghelpsyoungsterslearnwhat"No!"means.Otherspreferalternateformsofdiscipline.Forexample,"timeouts"havebecomepopularinrecentyears.Childrenin"timeout'havetositinacornerorbyawall.Theycangetuponlywhentheyarereadytoactnicely.Olderchildrenandteenagerswhobreaktherulesmaybegrounded,ornotallowedtogooutwithfriends.Someoftheirprivilegesathome—likeTVortelephoneuse—mayalsobetakenawayforawhile.Althoughdisciplinecan'tfunforparentsorchildren,it'sanecessarypartoftraining.

Beingaparentisatallorder.Ittakespatience,love,wisdom,courageandagoodsenseofhumortoraisechildren(andnotloseyoursanity).Somepeoplearejustdecidingnottohavechildrenatall,sincethey'renotsureit'sworthit,Butraisingchildrenmeanstrainingthenextgenerationandpreservingourculture.Whatcouldbeworthmorethanthat?

A.TherelationshipbetweenparentsandchildreninAmericaisveryinformal.Americanparentstrytotreattheirchildrenasindividuals—notasextensionsofthem-selves.Theyallowthemtofulfilltheirowndreams.Americanspraiseandencouragetheirchildrentogivethemtheconfidencetosucceed.

B.Soparentssometimespulltheirhairoutinfrustration,notknowingwhattodo.Butinraisingchildren—asinalloflife—whatwedoisinfluencedbyourculture.Naturallythen,AmericanparentsteachtheirchildrenbasicAmericanvalues.

C.DiscipliningchildrenisanotherareathatAmericanparentshavedifferingopinionsabout.

D.Naturally,everyparentwantstheirchildtobesafe,whetherthechildisonlineorontheschoolbus.Andcertainlyifyoususpectyourchildisinvolvedindrugs,inappropriaterelationships,orotherdangeroussituations,it'syourresponsibilitytostepinandinterveneusingwhatevertoolsarenecessary.

E.Whentheyreachyoungadulthood,theychoosetheirowncareersandmarriagepartners.Ofcourse,manyyoungadultsstillseektheirparents'adviceandapprovalforthechoicestheymake.

F.Mostyoungcoupleswithchildrenstrugglewiththeissueofchildcare.Mothershavetraditionallystayedhomewiththeirchildren.Inrecentyears,though,agrowingtrendistoputpreschoolersinadaycarecentersoMomcanwork.

G.Keepthefamily

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、PartC

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)

Today,asmillionsofmenandwomenofchildbearingageandyoungeraresurvivingcancer,thequestionofreproductionisarisingasaparamountconsiderationinplanningtreatment.(46)Amongtheissuesaretheabilitytopreservefertilitywhilecuring,thediseaseandthesafetyofpregnancyforbothmotherswithcancerandtheirfuture