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初中英語(新課標(biāo)版)中考總復(fù)習(xí)沖刺材料【初中英語詞組總結(jié)】1(see、hear、notice、find、feel、listento、lookat(感官動詞)+doeg:Ilikewatchingmonkeysjump2(比較級and比較級)表示越來越怎么樣3apieceofcake=easy小菜一碟(容易)4agreewithsb贊成某人5allkindsof各種各樣akindof一樣6allovertheworld=thewholeworld整個世界7alongwith同……一道,伴隨……eg:Iwillgoalongwithyou我將和你一起去thestudentsplantedtreesalongwiththeirteachers學(xué)生同老師們一起種樹8Assoonas一怎么樣就怎么樣9asyoucansee你是知道的10askfor……求助向…要…(直接接想要的東西)eg:askyouformybook11asksbforsth向某人什么12asksbtodosth詢問某人某事asksbnottodo叫某人不要做某事13attheageof在……歲時eg:IamsixteenIamattheageofsixteen14atthebeginningof…………的起初;……的開始15attheendof+地點(diǎn)/+時間最后;盡頭;末尾eg:Attheendoftheday16atthistimeofyear在每年的這個時候17be/feelconfidentofsth/thatclause+從句感覺/對什么有信心,自信eg:Iam/feelconfidentofmyspokenEnglishIfeelthatIcanpassthetest18be+doing表:1現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時2將來時19beableto(+v原)=can(+v原)能夠……eg:SheisabletosingShecansing20beabletodosth能夠干什么eg:sheisabletosing21beafraidtodo(ofsth恐懼,害怕……eg:I'mafraedtogooutatnightI'mafraidofdog22beallowedtodo被允許做什么eg:I'mallowedtowatchTV我被允許看電視IshouldbeallowedtowatchTV我應(yīng)該被允許看電視23beangrywithsb生某人的氣eg:Don'tbeangrywithme24beangrywith(at)sbfordoingsth為什么而生某人的氣25beas…原級…as和什么一樣eg:Sheisastallasme她和我一樣高26beashamedto27beawayfrom遠(yuǎn)離28beawayfrom從……離開29bebadfor對什么有害eg:Readingbooksinthesunisbadforyoureyes在太陽下看書對你的眼睛不好30beborn出生于31bebusydoingsth忙于做什么事bebusywithsth忙于……32becareful當(dāng)心;小心33bedifferentfrom……和什么不一樣34befamousfor以……著名35befriendlytosb對某人友好36befrom=comefrom來自eg:HeisfromBejingHecomesfromBejingIshefromBejingDoeshecomefromBejing37befullof裝滿……的befilledwith充滿eg:theglassisfullofwatertheglassisfilledwithwater38beglad+to+do/從句39begoingto+v(原)將來時40begoodat(+doing)=dowellin在某方面善長,善于……41begoodfor對什么有好處eg:ReadingaloudisgoodforyourEnglish42behappytodo很高興做某事43behelpfultosb對某人有好處eg:Readingaloudishelpfultoyou大聲朗讀對你有好處Exercisingishelpfultoyourbady鍛煉對你的身體有好處44beingoodhealth身體健康45beintrouble處于困難中eg:SheisintroubleTheyareintronble46beinterestedin對某方面感興趣47belatefor=comelateto遲到eg:Belateforclass上課遲到48belike像……eg:I'mlikemymother49bemadat生某人的氣50bemadefrom由……制成(制成以后看不見原材料)51bemadeof由……制成(制成以后還看得見原材料)52benotsure表不確定53beonavisitto參觀54bepopularwithsb受某人歡迎55bequiet安靜56beshortfor表**的縮寫eg:陶isshortfor陶俊杰57besickinbed生病在床58besorrytodosthbesorryforsbeg:Iamsorryforyou59besorrytohearthat60besorrytotroublesbeg:Iamsorrytotroubleyou61bestrictindoingsth嚴(yán)于做某事eg:He'sstrictinobeyingnoles62bestrictwithsb對某人要求嚴(yán)格eg:Somestudentsarenotstrictwiththemselves這些學(xué)生對自己不嚴(yán)格63bestrictwithsbinsth某方面對某人嚴(yán)格64besupposedtodo被要求干什么65besure表確定66besureofdoingsth對做某事有信心eg:HeissureofwinningIamsureoflearningEnglishwell67besureofsth對做某事有信心eg:I'msureofmyhead(myteacher我相信我的大腦(老師)68besurethatsth對做某事有信心eg:I'msuerthathecanpassthetest我相信他能通過考試69besuretodosth一定會做某事eg:Wearesuretopassthetest我們一定會通過這次考試WearesuretolearnEnglishwell我們一定能學(xué)好英語70beterrifiedof+名/動doing害怕……71beterrifiedtodosth害怕做某事72bethesameas…和什么一樣73beusedtodoingsth習(xí)慣做某事eg:Myfatherisusedtogettingupearly我爸爸習(xí)慣早Heisusedtosleepinginclass他習(xí)慣上課睡覺74beworthdoing值得做什么75be(feel)afraidtodosth害怕做某事beafraidofsth害怕某物beafraidthat叢句76because+句子becauseof+短語eg:HewaslatebecausehehadaheadacheHewaslatebecauseofhisheadache77begintodo=starttodo開始做某事start…with…=begin…with…以什么開始什么eg:Let'sbeginthegamewiththesongIbegintogohome78between…and…兩者之間79borrowsthfromsb向……借……lendsthtosb(lendsbsth借給……什么東西eg:Iborrowedapenfromhimhelentapentome(helentmeapen80both=thesame(as)=notdifferent(from)表相同81bother打擾bothersbtodostheg:I'msorrytobotheryou,butcanyoutellmetowaytothestation我十分道歉打擾你,但是你能告訴我怎么去車站theproblemhasbeenbotheringmeforweeks這個問題困擾了我?guī)讉€周了He'sbotheringmetolendhimmoney82bytheendof到……為止83callsbstheg:Wecallhimoldwang84care關(guān)心eg:Don'tyoucareaboutthiscountry'sfuture你為什么不關(guān)心國家的未來85catchupwithsb趕上某人86chatwithsb和某人閑談takesbto+地點(diǎn)帶某人去某地87comein進(jìn)88comeoverto過來89comeupwith提出eg:Canyoucomeupwithagoodidea你能想出一個好辦法嗎?90communicatewithsb和某人交流91consider+doing考慮做什么eg:Whynotconsidergoingtoluzhou為什么不考慮去瀘州?92danceto隨著……跳舞eg:Shelikesdancingtothemusic她喜歡隨著音樂跳舞93decidetodosth決定做某事94doasurveyof做某方面的調(diào)查95dobetterin在……方面做得更好96dowrong做錯97Don'tforgettodosth不要忘了做某事98Don'tmind+doing/從句/名詞不要介意……99each+名(單)每一個…eg:Eachstudenthasmanybooks每一個學(xué)生都有一些書100endup+doing101enjoy+doing喜歡102escapefrom從……逃跑eg:Theprisonershaveescapedfromtheprison犯人從監(jiān)獄里逃跑出來103expecttodosth期待做某事104falldown摔下來falloff從哪摔下來105fallinlovewithsb/sth愛上什么106farfrom離某地遠(yuǎn)eg:Theschoolisfarfrommyhome107find+it+adj+todo發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事怎么樣108findsb/sth+adj發(fā)現(xiàn)什么怎么樣eg:Ifindthebookinteresting109finish完成+doing(名詞)110fittosb=befitforsb適合某人111forgettodo沒有做而忘了forgetdoing做了而又忘了eg:Don'tforgettogohomeIforgetclosingdoor112from…to…從某某到某某eg:Frommeforher113get/havesthdown做完,被(別人)做…eg:Ihavemyhaircut我理了發(fā)(頭發(fā)被剪了)Tomgothisbadtoothpulledout湯母把他的壞牙拔掉了(被牙醫(yī)拔掉了)114getapart-timejob=findapart-timejob115getalongwellwithsb=getonwellwithsb與某人相處得好116getalongwithsb=getonwithsb與某人相處117getreadyfor=bereadyfor為什么而準(zhǔn)備eg:IgetreadyformathIamreadyformath118getsbintotrouble給某人麻119getsbtodosth120get…from…從某處得到某物121giveatalk做報告eg:Heisgiveatall122givesthtosbgivesbsth給某人某物123gofish釣魚goswimming游泳124goontodo去做下一件事goondoing繼續(xù)做這件事125gooutawayfromgooutof126gotoschool上學(xué)(用于專業(yè)的)gototheschool去學(xué)校(不一定是上學(xué))127goodwayto好方法128hatetodo討厭沒做過的事hatedoing討厭做過的事129haveapartyforsb舉辦誰的晚會130haveatalk聽報告談一談131havebeendoing現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時eg:YouhavebeentalkingYouhavebeensleepingsince132havebeento…(地方)……去過某過地方havegoneto…(地方)去了某地還沒回來133havefun+doing玩得高興134havesthtodo有什么事要做eg:Ihavealotofhomeworktodo我有很多家庭作業(yè)要做Ihavenothingtodo我沒什么事情做135havetodosth必須做某事136havetrouble(problem)(in)doingsth做什么事情有麻煩137have…time+doing138have…(時間)…off放……假eg:Ihavemonthoff我請一個月得假139hearsb+do/doing聽見某人做某事/正在做某事140helpalot很大用處141helpsbwithsth\one'ssth幫助某人某事(某方面)helpsb(to)dosth幫助某人做某事142hopetodosth希望做某事143Howabout(+doing)=Whatabout(+doing)144howdoyoulike=whatdoyouthinkof你對什么的看法145if:是否=wethereg:Idon'tknowif(wether)Ishouldgototheparty我不知道我是否應(yīng)該去參加晚會Hedon'tknowif(wether)wewillarriveontimetomorrowmorning他不知道我們明天早上是否能準(zhǔn)時到達(dá)146if:如果,假如(全部接一般時態(tài))+條件語態(tài)從句eg:I'llgotoLuZhouifitdoes'train假如明天不下雨,我就去瀘州Iftheychangetheplantheywillletmeknow假如他們要改變計劃,他們會讓我知道的I'llgotoEngland,ifIhaveenoughmoneynextyear如果我明年由足夠的錢,我就要去英國147inone'sopinion=sbthink某人認(rèn)為148insomeways在某些方面149intheend=finally(adv)最后150inthenorthof…什么在什么的北方(north北sowth南west西east東)151inthesun在太陽下152increase增加eg:They'veincreasedthepreceofpetrolby3%他們把石油價增加了3%thepopulationhasincreasedfrom12milliontenyearsagoto18millionnow153insteadof+(名)代替eg:I'dlikeanappleinsteadofapear我想要蘋果,而不要梨子IlikeEnglishinsteadofmath我喜歡英語而不喜歡數(shù)學(xué)154introducesbtosb介紹某人給某人introduceoneself自我介紹155invitesbtodosth邀請某人做某事156Ittakessbsometimetodosth做某人花掉某人多少時間eg:Ittookme5minutestodomyhomeworkIttakesmehalfanhourtocook157It's+adj+forsbtodosth對某人來說做某事怎么樣158It's+adj+todo做某事怎么樣159It's+adjforsb對于某人來說怎么樣It's+adjofsb對某人來說太怎么樣160It's+adj(forsb)todo(對某人來說)做某事怎么樣It's+adjofsbtodosth對某人來說做某事太怎么樣eg:It'sniceofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglish161It'sagoodideaforsbtodosth對……來說是個好主意162It'simportanttosb對某人來說很重要eg:It'simportanttome163It'stimetodosthIt'stimeforsth到了該去做某事的時間eg:It'stimetohaveclassIt'stimeforclass該去上課了164join=takepartin參加165justnow剛才166keep+sb/sth+adj/介詞短語讓什么保持什么樣?167keepout不讓……進(jìn)入168keepsbadj讓……保持……eg:Iwanttokeepmymotherhappykeephealthy保持健康169keyto+名詞表示:某物的鑰匙或某題的答案170keyto…anserto…key可以是答題或鑰匙171laughat…取笑……eg:Don'tlanghatothersWelanghedatthejoke172learnbyoneslfe自學(xué)173learnfromsb向某人學(xué)習(xí)eg:WeshouldlearnfromLeiFeng174learntodosth學(xué)做某事175letsbdosth讓某人做某事176Letsbdown讓某人失望eg:Weshouldn'tletourfarentsdown我們不應(yīng)該讓我們的父母失望177livefrom:離某地遠(yuǎn)178livein+大地方/at+小地方居住在某地eg:IliveinLuZhouShelivesatXuanTan179lookafter=takecareof照顧照看180loseone'sway誰迷路eg:Loseyourway你迷路181makeadecisiontodosth決定做某事182makefriendswithsb和誰成為朋友eg:Iwanttomakefriendswithyou183makeitearly把時間定的早一點(diǎn)184makeonexhibitionofoneself讓某人出洋相185makesb/n+n使什么成為什么eg:ImadehermystepmollerImadeyoumywife186makesb/sth+adj使某人(某物)怎么樣eg:Youmustmadeyourbedclean187makesb/sthadj使某人/某物怎么樣188makesbdosth讓某人做某事eg:Imadehimwrite我以前讓他寫189makeupbemadeupof(被動語態(tài))由……組成190make…differenceto…191mindsbtodomindone'sdoing介意……做什么192most+名mostof+代193muchtoo+形容詞194mustbe一定195need+名詞196needsbdosth需要某人做某事197needtodo(實(shí)義動詞)needdo(情態(tài)動詞)198no/neithrofhatetodono/neithrofhatedoing199no+名詞200notanymore=nomore再也不……eg:Hedidn'tcryanymoreHecriednomore他再也不哭201not…(形、副)atalleg:He'snottallatallshedoesn'tjunpfaratall202not…atall一點(diǎn)都不203not…either表否定,也不eg:Idon'tjapanseeitherIdon'thavesister,either我也沒有姐姐204not…until直到……才……eg:Ididn'tsleepuntilmymothercamebackThechilddidn'tstopcryinguntilIgivehersugar205offer/providesbwithsth給某人提供206offersbsth(offersthtosb提供什么東西給某人eg:Iofferyouwater(Iofferwatertoyou我給你提供水207onone'swayto…在誰去那的路上208ontheonehand一方面ontheotherhand另一方面209onthephone=overthephone用電話交談210ontime準(zhǔn)時intime與時211oneday=someday=someday一天,有一天212oneof+可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式213onetoanother一個到另一個214overandoveragin一遍又一遍的eg:Hecleanedtheflooroverandoveragin215part-timejob兼職工作fall-timejob全職工作216payfor…付……錢paythebill開錢,付錢217please+do218pleasehelpyourself219pleasedwithsb220poolinto=poreinto221practice+doing練習(xí)做某事222prefersthtosth相對……更喜歡……eg:Ipreferphysicstochemisty在物理和化學(xué)中,我更喜歡物理preferdoingtosth更喜歡去做…不愿意去做…eg:Heprefersridingabiketodiving他更喜歡騎自行車,不開小車prefertodosthratherthandosth寧愿做…也不愿eg:Myundepreferstobuyanowcarratherthanrepaivtheusedone我叔叔更喜歡買新的車,也不去修舊車prefersbnottodosth更愿意…eg:Ipreferhernottocome我不喜歡她不來223pretendtodosth裝著去做什么pretendthat從句eg:Thetwocheatspretendedtobeworkingveryhard這兩個騙子裝著努力工作Hepretendedthathedidnotknowtheanswer他裝著不知道答案224rather…than寧可……也不……eg:Iwouldratherbeadoctorthanateacher我愿肯當(dāng)醫(yī)生,也不當(dāng)老師Helikesdogsratherthancats他喜歡狗,不喜歡貓225regard…as把……當(dāng)作……eg:Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourfamily請帶我向你的家人我最好的問候Iregardyouasmyfriend我把你當(dāng)作我的朋友Heshowslittleregardforothers他不愛關(guān)心別人226remidsbaboutsth提醒某人什么事remidsbtodosth提醒某人做某事eg:heremidsmeaboutcooking(heremidsmetocook他提醒我做飯227remidsbofsth使某人想起什么eg:thepicturesremindmeofmyschooldays這照片使我想起了我的學(xué)校thewordsthat(which)theteachertalketoremindmeofmymother228returnsthtosb還什么東西給某人229saytooneself對自己說230saytosb對某人說231sbspendsomemoneyonsth花了多少錢在某事上232sbspendsometimewithsb花了多少時間陪誰233sbspendsometime(in)doingsth花了多少時間做某事234sbwithsb+issbandsb+are235seesbdo看見某人做過某事seesbdoing看見某人正在做某事236seemtodo/be+adj顯得怎么樣eg:YouseemtobetiredYouseemtobehappy237send+sbsth送給某人某物238send…to…把什么寄到哪里去?239shock使……震驚eg:Oh,It'sonlyyou!Yougivemeashock啊,是你呀!嚇我一跳240showsbsth向某人展示某物eg:Ishowherthebook.241showsbsth=showsthtosb拿什么東西給某人看eg:ShowmeyourpenShowyourpentome242showsthtosb向某人展示某物eg:Ishowthebooktoher.243some…others…一些……另一些……244start…with…從……開始begin…with…從……開始245stayawayfrom遠(yuǎn)離……eg:We'retoldtostayawayfromtheanimalswhevisitingthezoo當(dāng)我們參觀zoo時,我們要遠(yuǎn)離動物Ifyouwanttoloseweightyou'dbetterstayauayfromthesweetfood徒工你想減肥,你最好遠(yuǎn)離甜食246stopdoing停下正在做的事247stopsbfromdoingsth阻止某人做某事248stopsb(from)doing阻止某人做某事249stoptodo停下正在做的事去做下一件事250such+名這樣,這種251suitsb適合某人252surprisesb使某人驚奇toone'ssurprise令某人驚奇253takeclasses上課254takesbto把某人帶去eg:Itakeyoutothehospital255takewalks=takeawalk=goforawalk散步256①talkto對誰說eg:Italktoyou②talkwith和誰說eg:Italkwithhim③talkof談到eg:wetalkedofyou④talkabout談?wù)撽P(guān)于……257talkwithsb和某人說話258teachsbsth教某人做某事259tellsbdosth告訴某人做某事260tellsbsthtellsbthat叢句tellsbnottodosthtellastory261tellsbsth告訴某人某事262tellsbtodosth告訴某人做什么tellsbnottodosth告訴某人不要做什么263tell…from…264thankyoufor+doing265thesame+名詞(doing)+as……266thesame…(名)…asas…(adjadv)…as相同267thewaytodosth=thewayofdoingst做某方面的方法thewayto+地方去哪的路eg:DoyouknowthewaytolearnEnglishDoyouknowthewayoflearningEnglish268thewayto…(地點(diǎn))到哪的269too…to…太怎樣而不能……adj+enoughto足夠…能…so…that+叢句eg:Heistooyoungtogotoschool=Heissoyoungthathecan'tgotoschoolHeisoldenoughtogotoschool=Heissooldthathecangotoschool270transalte……into……把什么翻譯成什么eg:TrasalteEnglishintochinese271travelwithsb和某人去旅游272tryone'sbesttodosth盡某人最大的努力去做某事eg:IwilltrymybesttolearnEnglishwell273trytodosth想干什么,但沒成功trydoingsth想干什么,已經(jīng)做過了eg:Hetriedtoclimb他想爬上去,但沒成功Hetriedclimbing他想爬上去,已經(jīng)做過了274try…試衣服haveatry試一下275turndown開小←→turnup開大276turnoff關(guān)上←→turnon打開open拆開277upsidedown倒著278visitto…參觀某個地方279waitforsb等某人【初中英語語法總結(jié)】【1
一般現(xiàn)在時的用法
】
1)
經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作,常與表示頻腮度的時間狀語連用。時間狀語:
every…,
sometimes,
at…,
on
Sunday。例如:
I
leave
home
for
school
at
7
every
morning.
每天早上我七點(diǎn)離開家。
2)
客觀真理,客觀存在,科學(xué)事實(shí)。例如:
The
earth
moves
around
the
sun.
地球繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)動。
Shanghai
lies
in
the
east
of
China.
上海位于中國東部。
3)
表示格言或警句。例如:
Pride
goes
before
a
fall.
驕者必敗。
注意:此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中,即使主句是過去時,從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時。
例:Columbus
proved
that
the
earth
is
round.
哥倫布證實(shí)了地球是圓的。
4)
現(xiàn)在時刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個性。例如:
I
don't
want
so
much.
我不要則多。
Ann
writes
good
English
but
does
not
speak
well.
安英語寫得不錯,講的可不行。
比較:Now
I
put
the
sugar
in
the
cup.
把糖放入杯子。
I
am
doing
my
homework
now.
我正在做功課。
第一句用一般現(xiàn)在時,用于操作演示或指導(dǎo)說明的示范性動作,表示言行的瞬間動作。第二句中的now是進(jìn)行時的標(biāo)志,表示正在進(jìn)行的動作的客觀狀況,所以后句用一般現(xiàn)在時。
【2
一般過去時的用法
】
1)在確定的過去時間里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。例如:時間狀語有:yesterday,
last
week,
an
hour
ago,
the
other
day,
in
1982等。例如:
Where
did
you
go
just
now
剛才你上哪兒去了?
2)表示在過去一段時間內(nèi),經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作。例如:
When
I
was
a
child,
I
often
played
football
in
the
street.
我是個孩子的時候,常在馬路上踢足球。
Whenever
the
Browns
went
during
their
visit,
they
were
given
a
warm
welcome.
那時,布朗一家無論什么時候去,都受到熱烈歡迎。
3)句型:It
is
time
for
sb.
to
do
sth
"到……時間了"
"該……了"。例如:It
is
time
for
you
to
go
to
bed.
你該睡覺了。
It
is
time
that
sb.
did
sth.
"時間已遲了"
"早該……了"
,例如It
is
time
you
went
to
bed.
你早該睡覺了。
would
(had)
rather
sb.
did
sth.
表示'寧愿某人做某事'。例如:I'd
rather
you
came
tomorrow.還是明天來吧。
4)
wish,
wonder,
think,
hope
等用過去時,作試探性的詢問、請求、建議等,而一般過去時表示的動作或狀態(tài)都已成為過去,現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在。例如:I
thought
you
might
have
some.
我以為你想要一些。
比較:Christine
was
an
invalid
all
her
life.(含義:她已不在人間。)
Christine
has
been
an
invalid
all
her
life.(含義:她現(xiàn)在還活著)
Mrs.
Darby
lived
in
Kentucky
for
seven
years.
(含義:達(dá)比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
Mrs.
Darby
has
lived
in
Kentucky
for
seven
years.
(含義:現(xiàn)在還住在肯塔基州,有可能指剛離去)
注意:
用過去時表示現(xiàn)在,表示委婉語氣。
1)動詞want,
hope,
wonder,
think,
intend
等。例如:
Did
you
want
anything
else
您還要些什么嗎?
I
wondered
if
you
could
help
me.
能不能幫我一下。
2)情態(tài)動詞
could,
would。例如:
Could
you
lend
me
your
bike
你的自行車,能借用一些嗎?【3
used
to
/
be
used
to
】
used
to
+
do:"過去常常"表示過去習(xí)慣性的動作或狀態(tài),但如今已不存在。例如:
Mother
used
not
to
be
so
forgetful.
老媽過去沒則健忘。
Scarf
used
to
take
a
walk.
斯卡夫過去常常散步。
be
used
to
+
doing:
對……已感到習(xí)慣,或"習(xí)慣于",to是介詞,后需加名詞或動名詞。例如:
He
is
used
to
a
vegetarian
diet.
Scarf
is
used
to
taking
a
walk.
斯卡夫現(xiàn)在已習(xí)慣于散步了。
典型例題
Your
phone
number
again
I
___
quite
catch
it.
It's
69568442.
A.
didn't
B.
couldn't
C.
don't
D.
can't
答案A.
本句雖沒有明確的時間狀語,但從語意上看出,在聽的時候沒有聽懂這個動作發(fā)生在過去,因此應(yīng)用過去時?!?
一般將來時】
1)
shall用于第一人稱,常被will
所代替。will
在陳述句中用于各人稱,在征求意見時常用于第二人稱。例如:
Which
paragraph
shall
I
read
first?
我先讀哪一段呢?
Will
you
be
at
home
at
seven
this
evening
今晚七點(diǎn)回家好嗎?
2)
be
going
to
+不定式,表示將來。
a.
主語的意圖,即將做某事。例如:What
are
you
going
to
do
tomorrow
明天打算作什么呢?
b.
計劃,安排要發(fā)生的事。例如:The
play
is
going
to
be
produced
next
month。這出戲下月開播。
c.
有跡象要發(fā)生的事。例如:Look
at
the
dark
clouds,
there
is
going
to
be
a
storm.
看那烏云,快要下雨了。
3)
be
+不定式表將來,按計劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。例如:
We
are
to
discuss
the
report
next
Saturday.我們下星期六討論這份報告。
4)
be
about
to
+不定式,意為馬上做某事。例如:
He
is
about
to
leave
for
Beijing.
他馬上要去北京。
注意:be
about
to
do
不能與tomorrow,
next
week
等表示明確將來時的時間狀語連用?!?
be
going
to
/
will
用于條件句時,be
going
to表將來,will表意愿?!坷纾?/p>
If
you
are
going
to
make
a
journey,
you'd
better
get
ready
for
it
as
soon
as
possible.
Now
if
you
will
take
off
your
clothes,
we
will
fit
the
new
clothes
on
you
in
front
of
the
mirror.
【6
be
to和be
going
to】
be
to
表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事,be
going
to
表示主觀的打算或計劃。例如:
I
am
to
play
football
tomorrow
afternoon.
明天下午我去踢球。(客觀安排)
I'm
going
to
play
football
tomorrow
afternoon.
明天下午我想去踢球。(主觀安排)【7
一般現(xiàn)在時表將來
】
1)下列動詞come,
go,
arrive,
leave,
start,
begin,
return的一般現(xiàn)在時可以表示將來,主要用來表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情。例如:
The
train
leaves
at
six
tomorrow
morning.
火車明天上午六點(diǎn)開。
When
does
the
bus
star
It
stars
in
ten
minutes.
汽車什么時候開?十分鐘后。
2)以here,
there等開始的倒裝句,表示動作正在進(jìn)行。例如:
Here
comes
the
bus.
=
The
bus
is
coming.
車來了。
There
goes
the
bell.
=
The
bell
is
ringing.
鈴響了。
3)在時間或條件句中。例如:
When
Bill
comes
(不是will
come),
ask
him
to
wait
for
me.
比爾來后,讓他等我。
I'll
write
to
you
as
soon
as
I
arrive
there.
我到了那里,就寫信給你。
4)在動詞hope,
take
care
that,
make
sure
that等的賓語從句中。例如:
I
hope
they
have
a
nice
time
next
week.
我希望他們下星期玩得開心。
Make
sure
that
the
windows
are
closed
before
you
leave
the
room.
離開房間前,務(wù)必把窗戶關(guān)了?!?
用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示將來
】
下列動詞come,
go,
arrive,
leave,
start,
begin,
return等現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時可以表示將來。例如:
I'm
leaving
tomorrow.
明天我要走了。
Are
you
staying
here
till
next
week
你會在這兒呆到下周嗎?【9
現(xiàn)在完成時
】
現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài),其結(jié)果的影響現(xiàn)在還存在;也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。其構(gòu)成:have
(has)
+過去分詞。【10
比較一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時】
1)一般過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情,強(qiáng)調(diào)動作;現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的,強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。
2)一般過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用,而現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用,或無時間狀語。
一般過去時的時間狀語:yesterday,
last
week,…ago,
in1980,
in
October,
just
now等,皆為具體的時間狀語。
現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語:for,
since,
so
far,
ever,
never,
just,
yet,
till/until,
up
to
now,
in
past
years,
always等,皆不確定的時間狀語。
共同的時間狀語:this
morning,
tonight,
this
April,
now,
already,
recently,
lately
等。
3)現(xiàn)在完成時可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài),動詞一般是延續(xù)性的,如live,
teach,
learn,
work,
study,
know.。
4)一般過去時常用的非持續(xù)性動詞有come,
go,
leave,
start,
die,
finish,
become,
get
married等例如:
I
saw
this
film
yesterday.
(強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了)
I
have
seen
this
film.
(強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響,電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了)
Why
did
you
get
up
so
early
(強(qiáng)調(diào)起床的動作已發(fā)生過了)
Who
hasn't
handed
in
his
paper
(強(qiáng)調(diào)有卷子未交,疑為不公平競爭)
He
has
been
in
the
League
for
three
years.
(在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù))
He
has
been
a
League
member
for
three
years.
(是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù))
5)句子中如有過去時的時間副詞(如yesterday,
last,
week,
in
1960)時,不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時,要用過去時。
(錯)Tom
has
written
a
letter
to
his
parents
last
night.
(對)Tom
wrote
a
letter
to
his
parents
last
night.【11.
比較since和for
】
Since
用來說明動作起始時間,for用來說明動作延續(xù)時間長度。例如:
I
have
lived
here
for
more
than
twenty
years.我住在這兒二十多年了。
I
have
lived
here
since
I
was
born.
我從出生起就住在這兒了。
注意:并非有for
作為時間狀語的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時。
I
worked
here
for
more
than
twenty
years.
(我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。)
I
have
worked
here
for
many
years.(現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作。)
注意:用句型轉(zhuǎn)換的方法,很容易排除非延續(xù)動詞在有for/since結(jié)構(gòu)的完成時中的誤用。
1)(對)
Tom
has
studied
Russian
for
three
years.
=
Tom
began
to
study
Russian
three
years
ago,
and
is
still
studying
it
now.
2)(錯)
Harry
has
got
married
for
six
years.
=
Harry
began
to
get
married
six
years
ago,
and
is
still
getting
married
now.
顯然,第二句不對,它應(yīng)改為
Harry
got
married
six
years
ago.
或
Harry
has
been
married
for
six
years.
【12.
since的四種用法】
1)
since
+過去一個時間點(diǎn)(如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點(diǎn)、1980,
last
month,
half
past
six)。例如:
I
have
been
here
since
1989.
1989起,我一直在這兒。
2)
since
+一段時間+
ago。例如:
I
have
been
here
since
five
months
ago.
我在這兒,已經(jīng)有五個月了。
3)
since
+從句。例如:
Great
changes
have
taken
place
since
you
left.
你走后,變化可大了。
Great
changes
have
taken
place
since
we
were
here.
我們走后,變化可大了。
4)
It
is
+一段時間+
since從句。例如:
It
is
two
years
since
I
became
a
postgraduate
student.
我考上研究生有兩年了。【13.
延續(xù)動詞與瞬間動詞】
1)
用于完成時的區(qū)別
延續(xù)動詞表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)、經(jīng)歷;
瞬間動詞表示行為的結(jié)果,不能與表示段的時間狀語連用。例如:
He
has
completed
the
work.
他已完成了那項工作。
(表結(jié)果)
I've
known
him
since
then.
我從那時起就認(rèn)識他了。(表經(jīng)歷)
2)
用于till
/
until從句的差異
延續(xù)動詞用于肯定句,表示"做……直到……"
瞬間動詞用于否定句,表示"到……,才……"。例如:
He
didn't
come
back
until
ten
o'clock.
他到10
點(diǎn)才回來。
He
slept
until
ten
o'clock.
他一直睡到10點(diǎn)。
典型例題
1.
You
don't
need
to
describe
her.
I
___
her
several
times.
A.
had
met
B.
have
met
C.
met
D.
meet
答案B.
首先本題后句強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響,我知道她的模樣,你不用描述。再次,several
times告知為反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作,因此用現(xiàn)在完成時。
2.
I'm
sorry
to
keep
you
waiting.
Oh,
not
at
all.
I
___
here
only
a
few
minutes.
A.
have
been
B.
had
been
C.
was
D.
will
be
答案A.
等待的動作由過去開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時?!?4.
用一般過去時代替過去完成時】
1)
兩個動作如按順序發(fā)生,又不強(qiáng)調(diào)先后,或用then,and,but
等連詞時,多用一般過去時。例如:
When
she
saw
the
mouse,she
screamed.
她看到老鼠,就叫了起來。
My
aunt
gave
me
a
hat
and
I
lost
it.
姑媽給了我一頂帽子,我把它丟了。
2
)
兩個動作相繼發(fā)生,可用一般過去時;如第一個動作需要若干時間完成,用過去完成時。例如:
When
I
heard
the
news,
I
was
very
excited.
3)
敘述歷史事實(shí),可不用過去完成時,而只用一般過去時。例如:
Our
teacher
told
us
that
Columbus
discovered
America
in
1492.【15.
不用進(jìn)行時的動詞】
1)表示事實(shí)狀態(tài)的動詞,如have,
belong,
possess,
cost,
owe,
exist,
include,
contain,
matter,
weigh,
measure,
continue等。例如:I
have
two
brothers.
我有兩兄弟。
This
house
belongs
to
my
sister.
這房子是我姐的。
2)表示心理狀態(tài)的動詞,如know,
realize,
think
see,
believe,
suppose,
imagine,
agree,
recognize,
remember,
want,
need,
forget,
prefer,
mean,
understand,
love,
hate等。例如:I
need
your
help.
我需要你的幫助。
He
loves
her
very
much.
他愛她很深。
3)瞬間動詞,如accept,
receive,
complete,
finish,
give,
allow,
decide,
refuse等。例如:
I
accept
your
advice.
我接受你的勸告。
4)系動詞,如seem,
remain,
lie,
see,
hear,
smell,
feel,
taste,
get,
become,
turn等。例如:
You
seem
a
little
tired.
你看上去有點(diǎn)累?!?6.
過去進(jìn)行時】
1)概念:表示過去某時正在進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或動作。
2)過去進(jìn)行時的主要用法是描述一件事發(fā)生的背景;一個長動作延續(xù)的時候,另一個短動作發(fā)生。
3)
常用的時間狀語有this
morning,
the
whole
morning,
all
day
yesterday,
from
nine
to
ten
last
evening,
when,
while等。例如:
My
brother
fell
while
he
was
riding
his
bicycle
and
hurt
himself.
我兄弟騎車時摔了下來,受了傷。
It
was
raining
when
they
left
the
station.
他們離開車站時,正下著雨。
When
I
got
to
the
top
of
the
mountain,
the
sun
was
shining.
我到達(dá)山頂時,陽光燦爛。
典型例題
1)
Mary
___
a
dress
when
she
cut
her
finger.
A.
made
B.
is
making
C.
was
making
D.
makes
答案C.
割傷手指是已發(fā)生的事情,應(yīng)用過去時。同時,when表時間的同時性,"瑪麗在做衣服時"提供事情發(fā)生的背景,因此用過去進(jìn)行時。
2)
As
she
___
the
newspaper,
Granny
___
asleep.
A.
read;was
falling
B.
was
reading;
fell
C.
was
reading;
was
falling
D.
read;fell
答案B.句中的as
=
when,
while,意為"當(dāng)……之時"。描述一件事發(fā)生的背景時,用過去進(jìn)行;一個長動作發(fā)生的時候,另一個短動作發(fā)生。句意為
"在她看報紙時,奶奶睡著了。"句中的
fell(fall的過去時),是系動詞,后跟形容詞,如:fall
sick?!局攸c(diǎn)部分提要】一.詞匯⑴單詞1.介詞:in,on,under,behind,near,at,of1).in表示"在……中","在……內(nèi)"。例如:inourclass在我們班上inmybag在我的書包里inthedesk在桌子里intheclassroom在教室里2).on表示"在……上"。例如:onthewall在墻上onthedesk在桌子上ontheblackboard在黑板上3).under表示"在……下"。例如:underthetree在樹下underthechair在椅子下underthebed在床下4).behind表示"在……后面"。例如:behindthedoor在門后behindthetree在樹后5).near表示"在……附近"。例如:neartheteacher'sdesk在講桌附近nearthebed在床附近6).at表示"在……處"。例如:atschool在學(xué)校athome在家atthedoor在門口7).of表示"……的"。例如:apictureofourclassroom我們教室的一幅畫amapofChina一張中國地圖2.冠詞a/an/the:冠詞一般位于所限定的名詞前,用來署名名詞所指的人或事物。冠詞有不定冠詞和定冠詞兩種。不定冠詞有兩個形式,即a和an。a用在以輔音音素開頭的詞前,如abook;an用在以元音音素開頭的字母前,如anapple.a或an與可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)連用,泛指某類人或某物中的一個。Thisisacat.這是一只貓。It'sanEnglishbook.這是一本英語書。Hisfatherisaworker.他的爸爸是個工人。the既可以用在可數(shù)名詞前,也可以用在不可數(shù)名詞前,表示某個或某些特定的人或事物,也可以指上文提到過的人或事物。Who'stheboyinthehat戴帽子的男孩是誰呀?WhatcanyouseeintheclassroomIcanseeabag.Where'sthebag
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