專業(yè)基礎課-《分析化學》課程教學大綱（英文班）

SyllabusofChemistryAnalysis

Applicablesubjects：majorinpharmacy

（Credit：2classhour：36）

1.CourseDescription

AnalyticalChemistryisarequiredcourseinpharmacy.Itisameasurementscience,responsibleforcharacterizingthecompositionofnaturalandartificialmaterials,bothqualitativelyandquantitatively.Withtheadvancementofscience,thecurrentdefinitionofanalyticalchemistrywouldbe“analyticalchemistryisthescienceofinventingandapplyingtheconcepts,principles,andstrategiesformeasuringthecharacteristicsofchemicalsystemsandspecies”.Thecontentisdividedintotwoparts:chemicalanalysisandinstrumentalanalysis.Thiscourseismajorinchemicalanalysis.Chemicalanalysismainlydealswiththecontentofclassicalchemicalanalysis.

2.Teachingcontents,basicrequirementsandschedule

Chapter1IntroductionofAnalyticalChemistry

Tounderstandthenature,tasks,basiccontent,developmenttrendofanalyticalchemistryanditsfunctioninpharmaceuticalrelatedspecialties.

TolearnstepsinthedevelopmentofanAnalyticalMethod,andclassificationofQuantitativeAnalyticalChemistry.

Majorcontents

whatisAnalyticalChemistry

stepsinthedevelopmentofanAnalyticalMethod

ClassificationofQuantitativeAnalyticalChemistry

ChemicalAnalysis

InstrumentalAnalysis

Chapter2dataanalysis

Tograspthecauseoferrorandthemethodofreduction,themethodofexpressingaccuracyandprecision;thedistributionofrandomerrors;significantfiguresandnumericalroundingincalculaions.

Tobefamiliarwithpredictingtheprobabilityofrandomerrorsandconfidenceintervalforpopulationmean;theabandonmentoftheescapevalue,andstatisticalaidstohypothesistesting;

Tounderstandstatisticaldatatreatment;theinfluenceofmeasurementerroronthecalculationresult,

Majorcontents

2.1errorandclassification

2.1.1accuracryandprecision

2.1.2errorsanddeviation

2.1.3systematicandrandomerrors

2.1.4improvetheaccuracyofthemethod

2.2distributionofrandomerrors

2.2.1frequencydistribution

2.2.2normaldistribution

2.2.3predictingtheprobabilityofrandomerrors

2.3statisticaldatatreatment

2.3.1estimationofPopulationMeanandPopulationStandardDeviation

2.3.2Confidenceintervalforpopulationmean

2.3.3statisticalaidstohypothesistesting

2.3.4detectionofGrossErrors

2.4propagationoferror

2.4.1systematicerror

2.4.2randomerrors

2.4.3maximumerrors

2.4.4distributionoferrors

2.5significantfigureconvention

2.5.1significantfigures

2.5.2numericalroundingincalculations

Keypoints:

basicknowledgeoferror

causesoferrorandwaysofreductionandavoiding

distributionofrandomerrors

confidenceintervalforpopulationmean

5.rejectionofdoubtfuldataandstatisticalaidstohypothesistesting

6.significantfiguresandnumericalroundingincalculations

Nodus:

1.causesoferrorandwaysofreductionandavoiding

2.confidiencelevelandconfidenceinterval

3.statisticalaidstohypothesistesting

4.numericalroundingincalculations

Chapter3principlesofvolumetrictitration

Tograspthebasicconceptsoftitrimetricanalysis,applicationoftitrimetricanalysisandcalculationmethodsoftitrimetricanalylsisandtolearnabouttheclassificationoftitrimetricanalysis.

MajorContens

3.1.Basicterm,includestitrimetry,titrand,stoichiometricpoint,indicator,primarystandardsandstandardsolution.

3.2requirementsoftitrationreactions

3.3classificationoftitrationprocess

3.4primarystandardsandstandardsolutions

3.5basicapparatusinchemicalanalyses

3.6Calculationsinvolumetrictitration

3.6.1preparationofstandardsolutions

3.6.2titrationresults.

Keypoints

Basicconceptsandcalculationmethodsoftitrimetricanalysis

requirementsoftitrationreactions

primarystandardsandthepreparationofstandardsolutions

Chapter4-1acid-basetitration

Tomasterprotonconditionequotion,pHcalculations.

TobefamiliarwiththebasicconceptofthetheoryofBronsted-Lowry,magnitudeofdissociatingspeciesatagivenpH,acid-basereactionsandequilibria,.

Tounderstandtheconceptoftheactivity;buffercapacityandthepreparationofbuffersolutions.

MajorContens

4.1acid-baseequilibrium

4.1.1equilibriumconstantsandeffectofelectrolytes

4.1.2acid-basereactionsandequilibriums

4.1.2.1acid-basebronstedconcept

4.1.2.2dissociationofacidorbaseandacid-baseequilibria

4.1.2.3magnitudeofdissociatingspeciesatagivenpH

4.1.3solvingequlibrimcalculationsusingpHcalculationsasanexample

4.1.3.1generalapproaches(systematicapproaches)

①massbalanceequation

②charge-balanceequation

③protonconditionequotion

4.1.3.2pHcalculations

①weakmonoproticacidsandbases

②polyproticacids

③amphiproticspecies

④mixtureofstrongacidandweakacid

4.1.4buffersolutions

4.1.4.1pHcalculationofbuffersolution

4.1.4.2buffercapacity

4.1.4.3preparationofbuffers

Keypoints

acid-basebronstedconcept

acid-basereactionsandequilibriums

magnitudeofdissociatingspeciesatagivenpH

protonconditionequation

5.pHcalculationinsolutionofweakmonoproticacids/bases,polyproticacids,amphiproticspecies,mixtureofstrongacidandweakacid,orbuffersolutions.

Nodus:

distributionfactoranddistributioncurve,confirmationofprotonbalanceequation

magnitudeofdissociatingspeciesatagivenpH

calculationofacidityofampholytericcompoundsolutionandbuffersolutions.

Chapter4-2acid-basetitration

Tomastertheprincipleofacid/baseindicators

Tobefamiliarwiththefactorsinfluencingperformanceofacid/baseindicators.

Tomastertheprincipleofmethodoftitration,titrationcurve,endpointjudge,endpointerror,thewayofchoosingtherightindicatorandthecalculationoftitrationresults.

TobefamiliarwiththelawofpHchanginginvariousprocessesofacid-basetitration;theapplicationofacid-basetitration;andthecalculationoftitrationresults..

Tounderstandthetitrationofpolyfunctionalweakacids(bases);thepreparationofstandardacid/basesolutions.

MajorContens:

4.2acid-basetitration

4.2.1acid-baseindicators

①principle

②examples

③factorsinfulencingperformance

4.2.2titrationcurvesandselectionofindicators

4.2.2.1strongacids(base)

4.2.2.2monoproticacids(bases

4.2.2.3polyfunctionalweakacids(bases)

4.2.3titrationerrorcalculations

4.2.4preparationofstandardsolutions

4.2.4.1standardacidsolutions

4.2.4.2standardbasesolutions

4.2.5examplesofacid-basetitrations

Keypoints

principleofacid/baseindicators

2.basicconceptsofacid-basetitration(titration,endpoint,stoichiometricpoint,indicator,standardsolution,standardsubstance)

3.principleofacid-basetitrationanalysis,titratecurve,endpointjudgement,endpointerror

4.applicationofacid-basetitrationandcalculationoftitrationresult.

Nodus:

thelawofpHchanginginvariousprocessesofacid-basetitrationandthewayofchoosingtherightindicator.

Chapter5complexationreactionandcomplexometrictitration

Tomastersidereactioncoefficientsandconditionalformationconstantsincomplexationreaction,principleofmetallochromicindicatorandcolor-transitionpointpMformetallochromicindicators;thetitrationcurvesandtitrationerrors.

TounderstandmetalEDTAcomplesesandfrequentlyusedmetallochromicindicators;selectivetitrationsofmetalionsinthepresenceofmultiplemetalions;andthetitrationmethodsandapplications.

Tolearnpreparationofstandardsolutions

Majorcontents:

5.1complexesandformationconstants

5.1.1formationconstants

5.1.2concentrationofMLnincomplexationequilibria

5.1.3ethylenediaminetetraaceticacid(EDTA)andmetalEDTAcompleses

5.1.4sidereactioncoefficientsandconditionalformationconstantsincomplexationreactions

5.2metallochromicindicators

5.2.1howametallochromicindicatorworks

5.2.2colortransitionpointpM((pM)t)formetallochromicindicators

5.2.3frequentlyusedmetallochromicindicators

5.3titrationcurvesandtitrationerrors

5.3.1titrationcurves

5.3.2titrationerrors

5.3.3pHcontrolincomplexometrictitrations

5.4selectivetitrationsofmetalionsinthepresenceofmultiplemetalions

5.4.1selectivetitrationbyregulatingPh

5.4.2selectivetitrationusingmaskingreagents

5.5applicationsofcomplexometrictitrations

5.5.1bufferselectionincomplexometrictitrations

5.5.2titrationmethodsandapplications

5.5.3preparationofstandardsolutions

Keypoints

theprincipleofcomplexometry

formationconstantsandtheconcentrationofMLnincomplexationequilibria

sidereactioncoefficientsandconditionalformationconstantsincomplexationreactionsandtheircalculation

theprincipleofametallochromicindicatorworks

5titrationcurves

6.titrationerrors

7.bufferselectionincomplexometrictitrations

Nodus:

Theconceptofsidereactioncoefficientsandconditionalformationconstantsincomplexationreactionsandtheircalculation.

colortransitionpointpM((pM)t)formetallochromicindicators

3.selectivetitrationsofmetalionsinthepresenceofmultiplemetalions.

4.bufferselectionincomplexometrictitrations

Chapter6redoxequlibriumandtitration

TomastertheconceptoftheNernstequation,standardelectrodepotentials,formalpotentials,theequilibriumconstantofredoxreactionandtheircalculation;basicconceptsofredoxtitrationanalysis(titration,endpoint,stoichometricpoint,indicator,standardsolution,standardsubstance);theprincipleandtitrationcurvesofpotassiumpermanganateredoxtitrations;andthecalculationoftitrationresult.

Tobefamiliarwiththewayofchoosingtherightconditionforredoxtitration.

Tobeunderstandfactorsaffectingthereactionrate

Tolearntheotherredoxtitrations.

Majorcontents:

6.1standardelectrodepotentials,formalpotentialsandredoxequilibria

6.1.1standardelectrodepotentials

6.1.2theNernstequationandformalpotentials

6.1.3factorsaffectingtheformalpotential

6.1.4theequilibriumconstantofredoxreaction

6.2factorsaffectingthereactionrate

6.2.1concentration

6.2.2temperature

6.2.3catalysisandreactionrate

6.2.4inducedreaction

6.3redoxtitration

6.3.1constructingredoxtitrationcurves

6.3.2indicators

6.3.3auxiliaryoxidizingandreducingagents

6.4examplesofredoxtitrations

6.4.1potassiumpermanganate

6.4.2potassiumdichromate

6.4.3iodine:iodimetryandiodometry

6.4.4potassiumbromate

6.4.5cericsulfate

Keypoints

TheconceptsoftheNernstequation,standardelectrodepotentials,formalpotentials,theequilibriumconstantofredoxreactionandtheircalculation.

basicconceptsofredoxtitrationanalysis(titration,endpoint,stoichometricpoint,indicator,standardsolution,standardsubstance)

principleofpotassiumpermanganateredoxtitrations,andtheirtitratecurve,endpointjudge,titrationerror

applicationofredoxtitrationanalysisandcalculationoftitrationresult.

Nodus:

theconceptofformalpotentialsanditscalculation.

basicconceptsofredoxtitrationanalysis(titration,endpoint,stoichometricpoint,indicator,standardsolution,standardsubstance)

potassiumpermanganateredoxtitrations,andtheirtitratecurve,endpointjudge,titrationerror

Chapter7precipitationequilibrium,titration,andgravimetry

Tomasterthecontentsandrelativecalculationsaboutprecipitationequilibriaandsolubility,factorsthataffectthesolubilityofprecipitates.②theprincipleofprecipitationtitrationanalysis,endpointjudge.

Tobefamiliarwiththefeatureofgravimetricmethodanditsprincipleandprocessandhowtoobtaininghighpurityprecipitation.

Tounderstandtheprecipitateformationandrequirementsforprecipitation.

Majorcontents:

7.1precipitationequilibriaandsolubility

7.1.1solubilityofprecipitationinpurewater

7.1.2ionicstrengthandthesolubilityofprecipitates

7.1.3commonionandthesolubilityofprecipitates

7.1.4pHandthesolubilityofprecipitates

7.1.5complexingagentsandthesolubilityofprecipitates

7.2precipitationtitations

7.2.1titrationcurves

7.2.2examplesofmethodsclassifiedbyendpointindication

7.2.3preparationofstandardsolutions

7.3precipitationgravimetry

7.3.1classificationofgravimetricmethodsofanalysis

7.3.2generalprecedureandrequirementsforprecipitation