2023年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)話題語(yǔ)篇專攻練10人物傳記（一）外研版

PAGEPAGE2話題語(yǔ)篇專攻練10人物傳記(一)(建議用時(shí)40分鐘)Ⅰ.閱讀理解AEdmundHalleywasanEnglishscientistwholivedover200yearsago.Hestudiedtheobservationsofcomets(彗星)whichotherscientistshadmade.Theorbit(軌道)ofoneparticularcometwasaverydifficultmathematicalproblem.Hecouldnotfigureitout.Neithercouldotherscientistswhodealtwithsuchproblems.However,HalleyhadafriendnamedIsaacNewton,whowasabrilliantmathematician.Newtonthoughthehadalreadyworkedoutthatproblem,buthecouldnotfindthepapersonwhichhehaddoneit.HetoldHalleythattheorbitofacomethadtheshapeofanellipse(橢圓形).NowHalleysettowork.Hefiguredout(解決,計(jì)算出)theorbitsofsomeofthecometsthathadbeenobservedbyscientists.Hemadeasurprisingdiscovery.Thecometsthathadappearedintheyears1531,1607,and1682allhadthesameorbit.Yettheirappearancehadbeen75to76yearsapart.ThisseemedverystrangetoHalley.Threedifferentcometsfollowedthesameorbit.ThemoreHalleythoughtaboutit,themorehethoughtthattherehadnotbeenthreedifferentcometsaspeoplethought.Hedecidedthattheyhadsimplyseenthesamecometthreetimes.Thecomethadgoneawayandhadcomebackagain.Itwasanastonishingidea!Halleyfeltcertaintomakeaprediction(預(yù)言)ofwhatwouldhappeninthefuture.Hedecidedthatthiswouldappearintheyear1758.Therewere53yearstogobeforeHalley’spredictioncouldbetested.In1758thecometappearedinthesky.Halleydidnotseeit,forhehaddiedsomeyearsbefore.EversincethenthatcomethadbeencalledHalley’scomet,inhishonor.【文章大意】文章介紹了哈雷和他發(fā)現(xiàn)的哈雷彗星,以及發(fā)現(xiàn)驗(yàn)證哈雷彗星的過(guò)程。1.EdmundHalleyfiguredouttheorbitof______.A.somedifferentcometsappearingseveraltimesB.thesamecometappearingatdifferenttimesC.threedifferentcometsappearingatthesametimeD.severalcometsappearingatthesametime【解析】選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中Hedecidedthattheyhadsimplyseenthesamecometthreetimes.及上文提到的看見(jiàn)彗星的時(shí)間分別是1531年、1607年、1682年可以判斷。2.Halleymadehisdiscovery______.A.bydoingexperimentsB.bymeansofhisowncarefulobservationC.byusingtheworkingofotherscientistsD.bychance【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句Hestudiedtheobservationsofcometswhichotherscientistshadmade.可知哈雷的發(fā)現(xiàn)是在研究其他科學(xué)家們的觀察中得出來(lái)的,應(yīng)選C。3.Halleymadeasurprising,butcorrectpredictionintheyear______.A.1704B.1705C.1706D.1707【解析】選B。數(shù)字計(jì)算題。根據(jù)第五段中Hedecidedthatthiswouldappearintheyear1758.Therewere53yearstogobeforeHalley’spredictioncouldbetested.可以推斷出哈雷做出預(yù)言的時(shí)間是1705年,應(yīng)選B。4.Thispassageingeneralisabout______.A.HalleyandotherscientistsB.theorbitofacometC.NewtonandHalleyD.Halleyandhisdiscovery【解析】選D。主旨大意題?？v觀全文可知文章的中心是哈雷以及他發(fā)現(xiàn)的哈雷彗星,應(yīng)選D。B(2022·佛山模擬)MrSelfridge,theWisconsin-bornretailer(零售商)wholeftschoolat14,rosetobecomeapartnerinMarshallField’sChicago.Foundedin1852,itwasoneofthefirstandmostambitiousUSdepartmentscores.MrSelfridgehaddonewellwithMarshallField’s.Helikedtosay,“Thecustomerisalwaysright,〞whichmadetheChicagostorepopular.Andheisbelievedtohaveinventedthephrase,“OnlysomanyShoppingDaysuntilChristmas〞.WhenhevisitedLondononholidayin1906hewassurprisedtofindmostofthecity’sdepartmentstoreswerenomatchoftheirAmericanandParisiancompetitors.ThisledSelfridgetoleavetheUSandestablishSelfridges—adepartmentstorenamedafterhim,atthewestendofLondon’sOxfordStreet.InOxfordStreet,Selfridge’sdesignteamshapedanambitiousclassicalpalacebuildingwithawallofplateglasswindows.Openedin1909,Selfridgesofferedcustomersahundreddepartmentsalongwithrestaurants,aroofgarden,readingandwritingrooms,receptionareasforforeignvisitors,afirstaidroomandmostimportantly,asmallarmyofknowledgeablefloor-walkingassistantswhoservedasguidesaswellasbeingthoroughlyinstructedintheartofmakingasale.MrSelfridgedidmuchtomakethedepartmentstoreadestinationratherthanjustabigandcomprehensivelystockedcityshop.Itbecameaplacetomeetandforladiestolunch.MrSelfridgelaterintroducedthedepartmentstoreasakeyelementofthe20thCenturyculture,andChaplinacknowledgedthegrowingtrendforshoppinginthedepartmentstoreinhisfilmTheFloorwalker.【文章大意】本文主要介紹了美國(guó)著名銷售大師Selfridge的銷售特色以及他開(kāi)拓英國(guó)市場(chǎng)的過(guò)程。5.WhatcanbelearnedaboutMrSelfridgefromParagraph1?A.Hewaswell-educated.B.Hewasagiftedbusinessman.C.Hewasamodestman.D.Hewasdishonest.【解析】選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段后三句可知MrSelfridge擅長(zhǎng)商業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng),應(yīng)選B。6.WhatmadeSelfridgebuildadepartmentstoreinLondon?A.ThelargepopulationinLondon.B.Hisdesiretoownadepartmentstore.C.Hisconfidenceinbusinesssuccess.D.AffectionforLondonarchitecture.【解析】選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知他在1906年來(lái)倫敦的時(shí)候,發(fā)現(xiàn)沒(méi)有一家倫敦的百貨店能夠和美國(guó)的百貨店相比,于是他就在倫敦建立了商店。說(shuō)明他對(duì)自己的商業(yè)模式很自信,認(rèn)為自己一定能夠取得成功,應(yīng)選C。7.WhatwasSelfridges’mostimpressivecharacteristic?A.Thenumberofdepartments.B.Thebroadchoiceofgoods.C.Thesmallgroupofguards.D.Thewell-trainedsalesguides.【解析】選D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段可知在他的商業(yè)模式中最重要的是訓(xùn)練有素的銷售助理,應(yīng)選D。8.Whatisthemainpurposeofthearticle?A.TointroducethehistoryofSelfridge.B.Tocomparedifferentdepartmentstores.C.Toencouragereaderstospendmore.D.Toexplainhowtostartadepartmentstore.【解析】選A。目的意圖題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知本文主要介紹了美國(guó)著名銷售大師Selfridge的特點(diǎn)以及他到英國(guó)開(kāi)拓市場(chǎng)的過(guò)程。Ⅱ.完形填空(2022·洛陽(yáng)模擬)Startingfrommyearlyyoungage,Iwasahappychild.However,atagetwelve,mylifehadahuge__1__.Idevelopedobsessivecompulsivedisorder(OCD).Istartedtowashmyhandstentimesanhourto__2__bacteriaandIfrequentlycheckedmykitchentomakesurethatitwas__3__.Thiswayoflifecontinuedforfour__4__years,andbythen,myOCDhadledto__5__.IwasnolongerthehappylittlegirlIhadbeen.ItoldmymotherthatIwassufferingfromdepression.SoMumtookmetoa__6__.Themedicinedidn’thelpmeverymuch.Iwasstill__7__sad,believingthatmylifenolonger__8__.Oneautumneveningtwoyearsago,Ihitrockbottom.I__9__thoughtsuicidewastheonly__10__tomydepressionproblem,soIwroteasuicide__11__tomyfamily.AsIwasfoldingthenote,my__12__fellonaphotograph.Itwasapictureofalovelylittlegirlwithdark-blueeyes__13__ofadventureandcuriosity.Ittookmeafewminutesto__14__thatthesmilinggirlinthephotowasme.Thephotohadbeentakenatoneweekendatmyuncle’shousewhenIwasseven.SuddenlyIfeltachill(驚悸)anditwaslikemyyounger__15__hadsentmeamessage.OnceIhadbeena__16__littlegirl,andIhadtobecomestronglikethatagain.ItoreupmysuicidenoteandsworethatIwouldhaveto__17__thedepressionwithmymind,too.Icouldmakemyselfhappyagain.Ithasbeentwoyears__18__I“rediscovered〞myself.IamOCDanddepression-free.Iampreparedforwhatever__19__lifemaybring.Myheroisaseven-year-oldgirl,__20__backatmefromaphotoonmydesk.【文章大意】本文講述的是一個(gè)女孩與抑郁癥抗?fàn)幍墓适隆?.A.request B.breakdownC.outcome D.drawback【解析】選B。根據(jù)下文可知作者患了強(qiáng)迫癥,request請(qǐng)求;breakdown崩潰;outcome結(jié)果;drawback缺點(diǎn);應(yīng)選B。2.A.avoid B.breed C.carry D.examine【解析】選A。我每小時(shí)洗十次手以防止(avoid)細(xì)菌。3.A.down B.hot C.off D.clear【解析】選C。我頻繁地檢查廚房以確保遠(yuǎn)離(off)細(xì)菌。4.A.boring B.careful C.shy D.painful【解析】選D。我度過(guò)了痛苦的(painful)四年。5.A.impression B.pressureC.motivation D.depression【解析】選D。強(qiáng)迫癥導(dǎo)致了抑郁癥。6.A.doctor B.strangerC.teacher D.schoolmaster【解析】選A。根據(jù)下文的medicine可知媽媽帶我去看醫(yī)生了。7.A.generally B.suddenlyC.occasionally D.constantly【解析】選D。我依然(constantly)很傷心。8.A.changed B.matteredC.succeeded D.failed【解析】選B。根據(jù)下文作者想過(guò)自殺,可知她覺(jué)得自己的生命不再重要。應(yīng)選B。9.A.still B.even C.yet D.barely【解析】選B。我精神到了谷底甚至想到了自殺。still仍然,還;even甚至;yet但是,然而;barely幾乎不。應(yīng)選B。10.A.situation B.method C.solution D.relation【解析】選C。我甚至覺(jué)得自殺是解決我抑郁癥問(wèn)題的唯一方法,solutionto...,表示“……的解決方法〞。11.A.essay B.notice C.note D.poster【解析】選C。所以給我的家人寫(xiě)了自殺的留言條(note)。下句AsIwasfoldingthenote也有note的復(fù)現(xiàn)。12.A.hands B.heart C.head D.eyes【解析】選D?？疾檎Z(yǔ)境邏輯。我看到一張照片。13.A.full B.free C.proud D.fond【解析】選A。深藍(lán)色的眼睛里充滿(full)了冒險(xiǎn)和好奇。14.A.imagine B.realize C.predict D.guess【解析】選B。我花了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才意識(shí)到(realize)照片中微笑的女孩是我。15.A.brother B.sister C.uncle D.self【解析】選D。我突然感到一陣寒意,那是年輕的自己在向我傳遞信息。16.A.strong B.beautifulC.young D.curious【解析】選A。曾經(jīng)我是一個(gè)強(qiáng)大(strong)的女孩。17.A.accept B.fight C.relieve D.distract【解析】選B。我撕碎了遺書(shū)并且發(fā)誓必須和抑郁癥作斗爭(zhēng)(fight)。18.A.when B.after C.before D.since【解析】選D。自從我重新找到自己已經(jīng)兩年了,應(yīng)選D。19.A.concerns B.demandsC.challenges D.chances【解析】選C。不管生活帶來(lái)什么挑戰(zhàn),我都準(zhǔn)備好了。concern關(guān)注;demand需求;challenge挑戰(zhàn);chance時(shí)機(jī)。應(yīng)選C。20.A.crying B.shoutingC.smiling D.going【解析】選C。我的英雄是書(shū)桌上照片中在向我微笑的7歲女孩。Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Dr.Baronehashelpedmanykidssmilewhowerebornwithdefects(缺陷),includingme.ShedidmyfirstoperationswhenIwasababy,whichwerethemostimportantand1.__________(effect).Idon’trememberthefirsttwooperationsverywell.ButIdorecall2.__________third.Dr.Baronewaskindandeasedmeintotheprocess.Sheletmechoosemysleepmedicine,3.__________(make)surethatIwasokay.Irecentlysawapictureofmebeforemyoperation,andIknow4.__________abigjobshedid.Dr.Barone5.__________(operate)onpeoplewithalltypesofbirthdefects.Shealsogoestoothercountrieswherepeoplecannotaffordthistreatmentandhelpsthem6.__________free.Manypeoplebenefitfromhernewways7.__________(invent