2011年英語專業(yè)八級真題完整答案及詳細(xì)解析word版

歡迎訪問大家論壇，免費下載學(xué)習(xí)資料!TESTFORENGLISHMAJORS(2011)GRADEEIGHTTIMELIMIT:195MINPARTILISTENINGCOMPREHENSIONSECTIONAMINI-LECTUREInthissectionyouwillhearamini-lecture.YouwillhearthelectureONCEONLY.Whilelistening,takenotesontheimportantpoints.Yournoteswillnotbemarked,butyouwillneedthemtocompleteagap-fillingtaskafterthemini-lecture.Whenthelectureisover,youwillgiventwominutestocheckyournotes,andanothertenminutestocompletethegap-fillingtaskoANSWERSHEETONE.SomeofthegapsmayrequireamaximumofTHREEwords.Makesuretheword(s)youfillinis(are)bothgrammaticallyandsemanticallyacceptable.Youmayreferyournoteswhilecompletingthetask.Usetheblanksheetfornote-taking.Now,listentothemini-lecture.ClassificationsofCulturesAccordingtoEdwardHall,differentculturesresultindifferentideasabouttheworld.Hallianthropologist.Heisinterestedinrelationsbetweencultures.I.High-contextcultureA.feature-context:moreimportantthanthemessage-meaning:(1)__________i.e.moreattentionpaidto(2)___________thantothemessageitselfB.examples-personalspace-preferencefor(3)__________-lessrespectforprivacy/personalspace-attentionto(4)___________-conceptoftime-beliefin(5)____________interpretationoftime-noconcernforpunctuality-nocontrolovertimeII.Low-contextcultureA.feature-message:separatefromcontext-meaning:(6)___________B.examples-personalspace-desire/respectforindividuality/privacy-lessattentiontobodylanguage大家論壇歡迎訪問大家論壇，免費下載學(xué)習(xí)資料!-moreconcernfor(7)___________-attitudetowardtime-conceptoftime:(8)____________-dislikeof(9)_____________-timeseenascommodityIII.ConclusionAwarenessofdifferentculturalassumptions-relevanceinworkandlifee.g.business,negotiation,etc.-(10)_____________insuccessfulcommunication參考答案：(1)contextofmessage(2)what'shappening/thecontext(3)closenesstopeople(4)bodylanguage(5)poly-chronic(6)messageitself(7)themessage(8)mono-chronic(9)lateness(10)greatinfluence/significanceTIPS：(1)根據(jù)原文中一句“Ahigh-contextcultureisacultureinwhichthecontextofthemessage,ortheaction,oraneventcarriesalargepartofitsmeaningandsignificance.”可知答案。(2)根據(jù)原文“Whatthismeansisthatinahigh-contextculture,moreattentionispaidtowhat'shappeninginandaroundthemessagethantothemessageitself.”可知答案。(3)根據(jù)原文“Generallyspeaking,inahigh-contextculture,becausethisgreaterdependencyongroupthinking,peopleleantowardsheaviersenseofinvolvementorclosenesstopeople.”可得出答案。(4)根據(jù)原文“Andalsopeoplefromahigh-contextculturepayattentiontobodylanguage.”可得出答案。(5)根據(jù)原文“Peopleinhigh-contextcultures,areconsideredtohave,whatiscalledapoly-chronicattitudetowardtime.”(6)根據(jù)原文“Alow-contextcultureisoneinwhichthemessage,theeventortheactionisaseparateentity,havingmeaningontoitself,regardlessofthesurroundingsorthecontext.”可得出答案?？傻贸龃鸢?。(7)根據(jù)原文“Andyou'llalsoseethatpeoplemightpaylessattentiontobodylanguage,becauseasIsaid,themessageis,themessageiseverything.”可得出答案。(8)原文提到在low-contextculture中，人們對時間的態(tài)度可稱為mono-chronic。(9)根據(jù)原文“Peopleinalow-contextculturewouldbemuchmoreupsetwithlateness,becausetheyfeelthateveryoneshouldfollowthesametime.”可得出答案。(10)根據(jù)文章末尾部分“Ifyou'reinbusiness,negotiations,interpersonalrelations,ifyou're大家論壇歡迎訪問大家論壇，免費下載學(xué)習(xí)資料!dealingwithpeoplefromdifferentculturesinanyway,it'sgoingtoaffecteverypartofyourInanymulti-culturalsituation,theseassumptionsneedtobetakenintoaccountforsuccessfulinteractions.”可知，在商務(wù)活動、談判、人際交往中，與來自不同文化的人打交道時，這些想法對成功的交際起著非常重要的作用。script:ClassificationsofCulturesGoodmorning,everyone!Today,we'lllookatcultureorratherclassificationsofcultureUsually,whenwedealwithdifferentpeople,wedealwiththemasifwewereallmembersofthesameculture.However,it'spossiblethatpeoplefromdifferentcultureshavedifferentassumptiabouttheworld.Wegotinsuchimportantandbasicideasastime,personalspace.AndthisistviewofEdwardHall.AndEdwardHallisananthropologistwhospentalargepartofhislifestudyingAmericanIndians,theirculture,theirlanguage.Buthewasdifferentfromalotofotanthropologistswhojuststudyoneculture.Hewasinterestedintherelationsbetweenculturehowculturesinteract.WhatHallbelievesisthatculturescanbeclassifiedbyplacingthemocontinuum,rangingfromwhathecalledhigh-contexttolow-context.OK,whatisahigh-contextculture?Ahigh-contextcultureisacultureinwhichthecontexofthemessage,ortheaction,oraneventcarriesalargepartofitsmeaningandsignificance.thismeansisthatinahigh-contextculture,moreattentionispaidtowhat'shappeninginandaroundthemessagethantothemessageitself.Now,letmegiveyouexamples.First,intermsofpersonalspace.Generallyspeaking,inahigh-contextculture,becausethisgreaterdependencyongroupthinking,peopleleantowardsheaviersenseofinvolvementorclosenesstopeople.Andtheyhavelessrespectforprivacy,fpersonalspace.Ifyougointothatculture,peoplemightstandcloserwhenthey'retalkingtoTheymighttouchmore.Andifthey'rejostledinacrowd,theywon'tfeelviolated.Andalsopeoplefromahigh-contextculturepayattentiontobodylanguage.BecauserememberwhatIsaid,thedefinitionofahigh-contextcultureisthatmoreattentionispaidtothecontextofthemethantothemessageitself.Andpartofthecontextisbodylanguage.Second,intermsoftime.Peopleinhigh-contextcultures,areconsideredtohave,whaticalledapoly-chronicattitudetowardtime.Here,"poly"meansmultipleand"chronic"meanstime.Whatthismeansisthattheybelievepeople,things,eventshavetheirowntime.Andtherecan'tastandardsystemoftimeforeverything.Whatthisleadsthemtobelieveisthatyoucan'temphasizepunctuality.Thingshappenwhentheyaresupposedtohappen.So,there'sadifferentattitudetowardtime;there'snosetstandardoftime;youcan'tcontroltime;everythinghassenseoftime.Soit'saculturethatpayslittleattentiontotime,toclocktime.Now,let'smoveontolow-contextculture.Alow-contextcultureisjusttheopposite.Alow-contextcultureisoneinwhichthemessage,theeventortheactionisaseparateentity,hameaningontoitself,regardlessofthesurroundingsorthecontext.Thatthemessage,theevent,actionhasmeaninginitself.Sowhatthismeansinalow-contextculture,isthatpeoplepaymattentiontotheeventitselfratherthantothecontextwhichsurroundstheeventorthemessForexample,intermsofpersonalspaceagain,there'smoreemphasisonindividuality.Sotheconceptofprivacyisvery,important.Whereasbefore,asIsaid,inahigh-contextculture,theymightnotevenbeconcernedwithprivacyorpersonalspace.Butinalow-contextculture大家論壇歡迎訪問大家論壇，免費下載學(xué)習(xí)資料!there'safeelingthatweeachhaveourownpersonalspace.Ifyougettooclose,ifyoudon'tknondoorsbeforeentering,that'saninvasionofprivacy.Peoplefeelviolated.There'sarespectdesireforprivacy.Andyou'llalsoseethatpeoplemightpaylessattentiontobodylanguage,becauseasIsaid,themessageis,themessageiseverything.Theyarenotgoingtoworryaboutthedetailsaroundit.Whatyousayistheimportantthing,orwhatyoudoistheimportantthingAnotherexampleofalow-contextcultureispeople'sattitudetowardstime.Intermsoftime,Isaidbefore,therewasapoly-chronicsenseoftimeinahigh-contextculture.Whatdothinktherewouldbeinalow-contextculture?Mono-chronic?Right!Amono-chronicsenseoftimeandbythatwemeanthatthere'sonetime.Andthatconceptmeansthatpeopleinalow-contextculturebelievethatthere'sonestandardoftime.AndthatshouldbeforeverythiAndsoIamnotwillingtohear"Oh,thetrafficwasheavy.That'swhyI'mlate"or"Oh,Isllate".Peopleinalow-contextculturewouldbemuchmoreupsetwithlateness,becausetheyfeethateveryoneshouldfollowthesametime.Thereshouldn'tbeallthisflexibilitywithtimeandtheyexpectpunctuality.Andtheylookattimeasalmostacommoditythattheyuseexpressionslike"usetime,towastetime,tospendtimeortimeismoney".Alloftheseexpressionsreinfotheconceptthattimeisactuallysomethingyoucanholdonto.So,whatthisisallaboutisthat,Hallstressesthatpeopleneedtobeawareofthesedifferentassumptionsorconceptsaboutreality.Andhethinksthatthishasallkindsofrelevnomatterwhatyou'redoing.Ifyou'reinbusiness,negotiations,interpersonalrelations,ifdealingwithpeoplefromdifferentculturesinanyway,it'sgoingtoaffecteverypartofyourInanymulti-culturalsituation,theseassumptionsneedtobetakenintoaccountforsuccessfulinteractions.OK,todaywe'vetakenabrieflookatEdwardHall'sviewofculture,mainlyhisclassificationofhigh-orlow-contextculturewithsomeexamples.Nextweek,we'lllookatsommoreexamplesofculturesonacontinuumbetweenhigh-contextandlow-contextcultures.SECTIONBINTERVIEW/CONVERSATIONInthissectionyouwillheareverythingONCEONLY.Listencarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.MarkthebestanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEETTWO.Questions1to5arebasedonaninterview.Attheendoftheinterviewyouwillbegiven10secondstoanswereachofthefollowingfivequestions.Now,listentotheinterview.1.AccordingtoDr.Harley,whatmakeslanguagelearningmoredifficultafteracertainage?A.Differencesbetweentwolanguages.B.Decliningcapacitytolearnsyntax.C.Lackoftimeavailable.D.Absenceofmotivation.參考答案：BTIP：答案選B。Harley博士提到有研究表明，語言特別是句法方面的學(xué)習(xí)在12歲以后更難。大家論壇歡迎訪問大家論壇，免費下載學(xué)習(xí)資料!2.WhatdoestheexampleofCzechspeakersshow?A.It'snaturalforlanguagelearnerstomakeerrors.B.Differencesbetweenlanguagescausedifficulty.C.ThereexistdifferencesbetweenEnglishandCzech.D.Difficultystemsfromeitherdifferenceorsimilarity.參考答案：DTIP：答案選D。Harley博士提到有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)習(xí)英語的捷克人會在相同的捷克語和英語句法上犯錯，因此證明了語言學(xué)習(xí)者的困難也可能來自相似性。3.WhichofthefollowingmethodsdoesNOTadvocatespeaking?A.Thetraditionalmethod.B.Theaudiolingualmethod.C.Theimmersionmethod.D.Thedirectmethod.參考答案：ATIP：答案選A。因為其他三種方法都要求或強(qiáng)調(diào)口語，而傳統(tǒng)方法強(qiáng)調(diào)語法教學(xué)。4.Whichhypothesisdealswiththeroleoflanguageknowledgeinthelearningprocess?A.Theacquisitionandlearningdistinctionhypothesis.B.Thecomprehensibleinputhypothesis.C.Themonitorhypothesis.D.Theactivefilterhypothesis.參考答案：CTIP：答案選C。當(dāng)Harley博士在解釋monitorhypothesis時，他提到monitor會使用語法規(guī)則，電臺主持人向他確認(rèn)是否這意味著學(xué)習(xí)者運用語言知識確保所說和所寫的正確無誤，Harley博士的回答是肯定的。5.WhichofthefollowingtopicsisNOTdiscussedduringtheinterview?A.Causesoflanguagelearningdifficulties.B.Differencesbetweenmothertongueandasecondlanguage.C.Theoreticalconceptualizationofsecondlanguagelearning.D.Pedagogicalimplementationofsecondlanguageteaching.參考答案：BTIP：答案選B。其他三項在對話中均有提及，D項沒有提及。script:Woman:Goodmorning,Dr.Harley!Thankyouverymuchforcomingonourradiotalk.Weknowthatyou'reanappliedlinguistspecializinginsecondlanguageacquisition.Dr.Harley:Right!Woman:So,today,um,we'lllookatthisissue.Now,first,Dr.Harley,couldyoupleasetellus大家論壇歡迎訪問大家論壇，免費下載學(xué)習(xí)資料!whatissecondlanguageacquisition?Dr.Harley:Well,secondlanguageacquisitionis...happenswhenachildoradulthasalreadybecomecompetentatalanguage.Andthen,um,theyattempttolearnanother.Woman:OK,mostpeoplethink,includingme,itisdifficulttolearnanotherlanguage.Whatarethereasons?Whyisitso?Dr.Harley:Well,thereareanumberofreasonsforthis.Huh,first,therehavebeenresearchstudies.Theyhaveshownthatsomeaspectsoflanguagelearningespeciallysyntaxaremoredifficultbeyondacertainage,say,afteraround12yearsofage.Woman:So,ageplaysanimportantroleinlanguagelearning?Dr.Harley:Yes.Butthat'snottheonlyreason.Woman:Oh,isthatso?Dr.Harley:Yes,forexample,huh,timeandinterest.Allchildrenandadultsoftenhavelesstandmotivationtolearnasecondlanguage.Woman:Mm…Dr.Harley:Anotherisrelatedtothesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenone'smothertongueaasecondlanguage.Wefindthelearnerswillexperiencedifficultywhentheirmothertongueandthesecondlanguagethey'relearningdiffer.Ingeneral,themoreidiosyncraticafeatureisinaparticularlanguagerelativetootherlanguages,themoredifficultitwillbetoacquire.Woman:Perhapsthisisthekeyissue.Differencesbetweenlanguagescauselanguagelearningproblems.Dr.Harley:Well,thismaybeoneoftheissueshere.Butthiscannotbethewholestory,asnotdifferencesbetweenlanguagescausedifficulty.Letmegiveyouanexample.Woman:OK.Dr.Harley:ResearchhasfoundthatmanyerrorsbyCzechspeakerslearningEnglishweremadeonsyntacticconstructionsinwhichthetwolanguagesdonotdiffer.Woman:Oh,really?Thepictureismorecomplicatedthanwe'veimagined.Dr.Harley:Definitelyes.Eachlanguagelearningsituationisdifferent.Soreasonsvaryalotfromcasetocase.Woman:Now,Dr.Harley,sincelearningasecondlanguageisadifficultprocess,youknow,inonewayoranother,arethereanymethodssofar,effectivemethodstoteachasecondlanguage?Dr.Harley:Thereagain,nomethodisabsolutelyeffectiveinallsituations.Somemayproveeffective,othersmaynot.Imeanalldependingonspecificonditions.Butgenerallyspeaking,thereareanumberofmethodsthathavebeenusedtoteachasecondlanguage.Woman:Couldyoumentionafew?Dr.Harley:Forinstance,there'sthetraditionalmethod.Thismethodisbasedontranslationf大家論壇歡迎訪問大家論壇，免費下載學(xué)習(xí)資料!onelanguagetoanother.Anditemphasizesgrammarteaching.AndthenyouhavedirectmethodswhichfocusesonconversationalskillsandallteachingmustbecarriedoutinthesecondlanguagWoman:Oh,Isee.Anyothermethods?Dr.Harley:Yes,forexample,theaudio-lingualmethod.Thismethodemphasizesspeakingandlisteningbeforereadingandwriting.Woman:Howinteresting!Dr.Harley:Thenyouhavetheimmersionmethod.Thismethodteacheslearnersexclusivelythroughthemediumofthesecondlanguage.Woman:How?Dr.Harley:Well,itsimplymeansthatyoucannotspeakmothertongue.Everythingmustbedoneinthelanguageyou'relearning.Tome,themostnaturalmethodoflearninganewlanguageiswhatIcallsubmersion.Thatis,togotothatcountryandbesurroundedexclusivelybyspeakersthatlanguage.Woman:ThankyouverymuchDr.Harleyforintroducingsomeofthelanguageteachingmethods.Nowlet'smoveontosomethingabittheoretical.Sincesecondlanguageacquisitionandteachingareafascinatingareaforresearchers,arethereanytheoriestoexplainsecondlanguageacquisition?Dr.Harley:Yes,manytheoriesandmodelshavebeenputforwardbyresearcherssofar.Today,I'dliketomentionthefivehypothesesproposedbyStevenKrashen.Woman:OK.Dr.Harley:ThefivehypothesesformwhathecallstheMonitorModelofsecondlanguagelearning.Woman:Whatdoesitmean?Dr.Harley:OK,thefirsthypothesisistheAcquisitionandLearningDistinctionHypothesis.AccordingtoKrashen,childrenacquiretheirfirstlanguagelargelyunconsciouslyandautomatically.Butadultscouldonlylearnasecondlanguageconsciouslyandeffortfully.Andadultscouldindeedacquirethesecondlanguage,atleastinpart.Woman:Right.Thenwhat'shissecondhypothesis?Dr.Harley:HissecondhypothesisistheNaturalOrderinAcquisitionHypothesis.Basically,hmeansthattheorderingwhichlearnersacquiresyntacticrulesisthesameinbothlanguages.Woman:Oh,that'ssomethingreallynewtome.Dr.Harley:ThethirdhypothesisistheMonitorHypothesis,whichiscentraltohistheory.Heagain,wecomeacrossthedistinctionbetweenacquisitionandlearning.Accordingtothishypothesis,theacquisitionprocessescreatesentencesinthesecondlanguage,right?Butlearnenablesthedevelopmentofamonitoringprocesstocheckandeditthisoutput.Themonitorusesknowledgeoftherules.That'swhy,asIsaidjustnow,learningisaconsciousprocess.大家論壇歡迎訪問大家論壇，免費下載學(xué)習(xí)資料!Woman:Thismeansinlearningyouuseknowledgeofthelanguagetomakesurewhatyousayorwriteiscorrect.Isthatso?Dr.Harley:Yes.HisfourthhypothesisistheComprehensibleInputHypothesis.Inordertomoveformonestagetothenext,thelearnermustunderstandthemeaningandtheformoftheinputThisemphasizestheroleofcomprehension.Andfinally,theActiveFilterHypothesis.Thissuggestsattitudeandemotionalfactorsarealsoimportantinsecondlanguageacquisition.Woman:IguessKrashen'smodelhasprovidedausefulframeworkforsecondlanguagelearning.Dr.Harley:Yes,itindeedhas.Andithasalsoprovedtobeoneofthemostinfluentialtheoreapproachestoteachingasecondlanguage.Woman:OK,Dr.Harley,thankyouonceagainfortalkingtousaboutsecondlanguageacquisition.Dr.Harley:Pleasure.SECTIONCNEWSBROADCASTInthissectionyouwillheareverythingONCEONLY.Listencarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.MarkthebestanswertoeachquestioonANSWERSHEETTWO.Question6isbasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven10secondstoanswerthequestion.Now,listentothenews.6.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECT?A.GreyhoundisBritain'slargestbusandtrainoperator.B.CurrentlyGreyhoundroutesinBritainarelimited.C.ThecoachstartsfromLondoneveryhour.D.Passengersareofferedavarietyofservices.參考答案：ATIP：選A。新聞中提到FirstGroups是英國最大的汽車和火車運營商，而Greyhound是其下的美國品牌。script:The95-yearoldiconicAmericanbrand—GreyhoundistakingtotheBritishroads.FirstGroup,Britain'slargestbusandtrainoperator,andowneroftheGreyhoundcoachbrandinthU.S.,saidthebuseswouldstartrunningfromLondonVictoriatoPortsmouthandSouthamptononSept.14.Ticketswillcostaslittleas￡1withtheaveragejourneycosting￡7.Itplanstorolloutmoreroutesnextyear.Thehourlybusservicewilltakejustundertwohoursnon-stopandwillofferfreeWi-Fi,powersocketsforeachpassenger,air-conditioning,complimentarynewspapersandleatherseats.大家論壇歡迎訪問大家論壇，免費下載學(xué)習(xí)資料!Questions7and8arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven20secondstoanswerthequestions.Now,listentothenews.7.WhatdoesthenewsitemsayaboutthefiresinGreece?A.FiresonlyoccurredneartheGreekcapital.B.Firesnearthecapitalcausedcasualties.C.Firesnearthecapitalwerethebiggest.D.Firesnearthecapitalweresoonundercontrol.參考答案：DTIP：答案選D。由“Authoritiesreported75firesacrossthecountry.”可排除A。由“Noinjurieswerereported.”可排除B項。C項未提及。8.Accordingtothenews,whatmeasuredidauthoritiestaketofightthefires?A.Residentswereaskedtovacatetheirhomes.B.Troopswerebroughtintohelpthefirefighters.C.Airoperationsandwaterdropscontinuedovernight.D.Anothersixfireenginesjoinedthefirefightingoperation.參考答案：BTIP：選B。新聞提到政府當(dāng)局調(diào)動空軍、海軍協(xié)助滅火，故B項正確。script:Greekfirefightersplannedtocontinuetoworkthroughthenighttocontaindozensofwildfires,includingamassiveblazeoutsideAthens,authoritysaid.GreekPrimeMinister,KostasKaramanlis,calledforcalmonSaturdayandsaidgroundforceswillcontinuetheirsuperhumaneffortsuntildawn,whenairoperationsandwaterdropswillresume.Authoritiesreported75fiacrossthecountry.ThefiresbeganlateFridayinGrammatiko40kilometers(25miles)northeasofthecapital.Windwhippedasingleblazeintothreefires,whichjoinedagainSaturday.Noinjurieswerereported.Authoritiesmobilizedunitsfromthenavy,airforceandmarinestoassthefirefightersinGrammatiko,theStateFireDepartmentsaid."Thefireisparticularlycomplgiventheweather,thelargequantityoffuel,theterrainandtheproximityofresidentialarestatementfromtheFireDepartmentsaid.Thecauseoftheoriginalfirewhichbelchedcloudsoheavydarksmokewasunknown,andofficialswereinvestigating.ForestandbushfiresarecommonduringGreece'shot,drysummers.Sixfirefightingaircraftwerehelpingfirefighters,accordingtotheAthens'snewsagency.Questions9and10arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven20secondstoanswerthequestions.Now,listentothenews.9.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacauseofthecurrentdeclineintheMexicaneconomy?A.FewerjobopportunitiesinMexico.大家論壇歡迎訪問大家論壇，免費下載學(xué)習(xí)資料!B.StrongtieswiththeU.S.economy.C.Declineintourism.D.Declineintaxrevenues.參考答案：ATIP：選A。新聞提到墨西哥經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的主要原因是其與美國經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)系甚密。另外，導(dǎo)致墨西哥經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的原因還包括旅游業(yè)下滑和石油、稅收的減少，只有A項不是原因。10.Dropinremittancesfromabroadismainlydueto_________.A.decliningoilproductionB.theoutbreakoftheH1N1fluC.thedecliningGDPinMexicoD.theeconomicdownturnintheU.S.參考答案：DTIP：選D。新聞提到“RemittancesfromMexicansworkingabroad,mostofthemintheUnitedStates,alsohavefallenvictimtotheeconomicdownturn.”，故D項正確。script:TheMexicaneconomywentoffacliffinthesecondthreemonthsof2009,withthegrossdomesticproductdropping10.3%fromthesameperiodlastyear,accordingtogovernmentfigures.AnalystssaythemaincauseofMexico'snosediveisthatthenation'seconomyistiedstronglythatoftheUnitedStates,whichismiredinthedeepesteconomicdownturnsincethe1930s.OthfactorsdraggingtheMexicaneconomydownincludeatourismdeclinecausedbytheH1N1fluoutbreak,decliningoilandtaxrevenuesandfewerMexicansabroadsendingmoneybackhome.Oilrevenues,longMexico'smainsourceofmoney,havebeenhurtbylowerglobalpricesanddecliningproduction.RemittancesfromMexicansworkingabroad,mostofthemintheUnitedStates,alsohavefallenvictimtotheeconomicdownturn.FewerjobsintheUnitedStatesmeansfeweropportunitiesforMexicanstofindworkandsendmoneyhome.Remittancesrankafteroilintermsofrevenueforthecountry.Thatrevenuefellfrom$26billionin2007to$25billion2008,Mexico'sCentralBanksaid,andisexpecttodecreaseevenmorethisyear.Tourism,Mexican'sthirdlargestsourceofrevenue,hasdeclinedsteadilysinceanoutbreakoftheH1N1fluewasfirstdiscoveredinMexicoinApril.PARTIIREADINGCOMPREHENSIONInthissectiontherearefourreadingpassagesfollowedbyatotalof20multiple-choicequestiReadthepassagesandthenmarkthebestanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEETTWO.TEXTAWheneverwecould,JoanandItookrefugeinthestreetsofGibraltar.TheEnglishman'shomeishiscastlebecausehehasnotmuchchoice.ThereisnowheretositinthestreetsofEngland,noteven,aftertwilight,inthepublicgardens.Theclimate,veryoften,doesnotevenpermithimtowalkoutside.Naturally,hestaysindoorsandcreatesacocoonofcomfort.ThatwathewaywelivedinLeeds.大家論壇歡迎訪問大家論壇，免費下載學(xué)習(xí)資料!Thesesouthernpeople,ontheotherhand,lookoutwards.TheGibraltarianhomeis,typically,asmallandcrowdedapartmentupseveralflightsofdarkanddirtystairs.Init,oneoreventhreeoldpeopleshareafewill-litroomswiththeyoungfamily.Oncehehaseaten,changedhisclothes,embracedhiswife,kissedhischildrenandhisparents,thereisnothingtokeepthesouthernmanathome.Hehurriesout,takingevenhisbreakfastcoffeeathislocalbHecomeshomelateforhisafternoonmealafteranappetitivehourathiscafé.Hesleepsforanhour,dresses,goesoutagainandstaysoutuntillateatnight.Hiswifedoesnotmisshim,foisout,too—atthemarketinthemorningandintheafternoonsittingwithothermothers,baby-mindinginthesun.TheusualGibraltarianhomehasnositting-room,living-roomorlounge.Theparlourofourworking-classhouseswouldbeanintolerablewasteofspace.Easy-chairs,sofasandsuch-likfurnitureareunknown.Therearenobookshelves,becausetherearenobooks.Talkinganddrinking,aswellaseating,aredoneonhardchairsroundthedining-table,betweenasideboadecoratedwiththebestglassesandaninevitabledisplaycabinetfulloffamilytreasures,photographsandsouvenirs.Theelaboratechandelieroverthistableproclaimsitasthehubofhouseholdandofthefamily."Hearthandhome"makesverylittlesenseinGibraltar.One'shomeisone'stownorvillage,andone'shearthisthesunshine.Ournortherntownsaredormitorieswithcubicles,bycomparison.Whenwecongregate—inthechurchesitusedtobe,nowinthecinema,say,impersonally,oratpublicmeetings,form—wearescarcelyevermantoman.Onlyinourpubscanyoufindthetrulygregariousandcommunalspiritsurviving,andinEnglandeventhepubsaredividedalongclasslines.AlongthisMediterraneancoast,homeisonlyarefugeandaretreat.Thepeoplelivetogetherintheopena—irnthestreet,market-place.Downhere,thereisafarstrongerfeelingofcommunitythanwehadeverknown.IncrowdedandcircumscribedGibraltar,withitscomplicatedinter-marriages,itsidentityofinterests,itssurvivingsenseofsiege,onecansfeelanintegratedsociety.Toliveinatinytownwithalltheorganizationofastate,withViceroy(總督),Premier,Parliament,PressandPentagon,allinminiature,allwithinarm'sreach,isanintensivecourscivics.Insuchanenvironment,nothingcanbehidden,forbetterorforworse.One'ssuccessesseenandrecognized;one'sfailuresareimmediatelyexposed.Socialconsciousnessisatitsstrongest,withtheresultthatthereisaconstantandfirmpressuretowardsgoodsocialbehavitowardscourtesyandkindness.Gibraltar,withallitsfaults,isthefriendliestandmosttoleplaces.Straightfromthecynicalanonymityofabigcity,weluxuriatedinitshappypersonaliWelookbackonit,likeallitsexiledsonsanddaughters,withtrueaffecti