翻譯的原則概要

第十章翻譯與辭格英漢對(duì)譯：比方（comparison)反語(yǔ)（irony)轉(zhuǎn)喻（metonymy)排比（parallelism)擬人（personification)設(shè)問(wèn)（questionandanswer)夸張（hyperbole)反問(wèn)（rhetoricalquestion)諱飾（euphemism)借代（antonomasia)呼告（apostrophe

10.1比方

明喻（simile)與暗喻（metaphor)明喻：as,like,asif,asthough等1，直譯（保留原文中的比方詞）：例1）TheRedManhaseverfledtheapproachoftheWhiteMan,asthemorningmistfleesbeforethemorningsun.2)Todayisfair.Tomorrowmaybeovercastwithclouds.Mywordsarelikethestarsthatneverchange.10.1比方

明喻（simile)與暗喻（metaphor)3)老榕樹的影子，也越來(lái)越看得更清晰了?！嫦褚晃坏歉叨麣w人的老者呢。4)他突然高聲大笑，似乎說(shuō)了什么笑話似的。10.1比方

10.1.1明喻（simile)2.英語(yǔ)中的as…as…結(jié)構(gòu)大多直譯成漢語(yǔ):aswhiteassnowascoldasiceasblindasanowlascheapasdirtasbusyasabeeasbeautifulasthesun10.1比方

10.1.1明喻（simile)3.由于文化上的差異，有的as…as…結(jié)構(gòu)用意譯法：asclearasdayasclearasabellasclearasawhistleasboldasbrassasblackasone’shatasbaldasacoot10.1比方

10.1.2暗喻（metaphor）1.直譯：1)Nowifdeathbeofsuchanature,Isaythattodieisgain;foreternityisthenonlyasinglenight.2)Threeyears’junglelifehadturnedhimintoawildbeast.10.1比方

10.1.2暗喻（metaphor）3)卑鄙是卑鄙者的通行證，高尚是高尚者的墓志銘。4)一切都變了，她的最親密的文城變成了死城。她的老父親變成了活在地獄的“人鬼”。10.1比方

10.1.2暗喻（metaphor）2.依據(jù)須要，暗喻接受意譯譯成明喻：Sheisafox.Heisaweathercock.She‘sanightingalewhenshesings.Hedashedoutlikeanarrow.Heisagoose.10.2轉(zhuǎn)喻1.直譯1)Islifesodear,orpeacesosweet,astobepurchasedatthepriceofchainsandslavery?2)Onlyonethingwillsolvethiscase—thelittlegreycellsofthebrain.3)Whattheycouldnotsolvewithwords,theysolvedwithbloodshed.10.2轉(zhuǎn)喻2.意譯1)Johnspentmanyyearsinchainsbeforehesawhisfamilyagain.2)HaveIinconqueststretch’dminearmsofarTobeafeardtotellgreybeardsthetruth?10.3擬人1.直譯法再現(xiàn)原文的生動(dòng)形象1)Toitsresidents,Vesuviuswasabenefactor–notanenemy.Butwithoutanywarning,MountVesuviusroaredtolife.2)Andcertainly,wheneverthewindblew,theReedmadethemostgracefulcurtseys.3)Crimeburstinlikeaflood;modesty,truth,andhonorfled.10.3擬人4)田野的秩序變得井井有條，土地把債務(wù)都已還清，谷子進(jìn)倉(cāng)了，泥土休憩了，自然舒一口氣，吹來(lái)了爽風(fēng)。10.3擬人2.有時(shí)意譯更符合譯文表達(dá)習(xí)慣1)Theshipsadlycaughtfireandtheplanstomakeherafloatingmuseumdiedinthesmolderingembers.2)春天正向我們走來(lái)。10.4夸張1.直譯保留原文的感染力1）“At’em,allhands—allhands!”heroared,inavoiceofthunder.2)Nay,hesaid—yesyoudid—denyitifyoucan,thatyouwouldnothaveconfessedthetruth,thoughmasterhadcutyoutopieces.10.4夸張3)為了讓兄弟們的肩頭擔(dān)起整個(gè)大地，搖醒千萬(wàn)個(gè)太陽(yáng)4）父親嚴(yán)厲的話語(yǔ)幾乎把她嚇?biāo)?，再也不敢說(shuō)出實(shí)情。10.4夸張2.語(yǔ)言表達(dá)習(xí)慣的差異，意譯1)Sheisagirlinamillion.2)媽媽對(duì)小明說(shuō)：“下次你再不及格，看我不擰斷你的頸項(xiàng)！”10.5諱飾1.譯入語(yǔ)中有字面上對(duì)應(yīng)的委婉語(yǔ)，直譯1）Onthe14thofMarch,ataquartertothreeintheafternoon,thegreatestlivingthinkerceasedtothink.Hehadbeenleftaloneforscarcelytwominutes,andwhenwecamebackwefoundhiminhisarmchair,peacefullygonetosleep—butforever.10.5諱飾2)聽(tīng)說(shuō)他是剛從那里面出來(lái)的。2.譯入語(yǔ)沒(méi)有字面上與原文對(duì)應(yīng)的委婉語(yǔ)，實(shí)行功能上與之對(duì)等的委婉語(yǔ)，意譯。1）Thedoctorwasfiercelycondemnedbysomeforwhathereferredtoashelpingpeopleindying.10.5諱飾2)他在回家的路上遭遇到不測(cè)。3）MayIgotothebathroom?MayIusethefacilities?I’mgoingtomyprivateoffice.3.中西方忌諱的對(duì)象不完全相同，有時(shí)實(shí)行不帶諱飾的意譯。10.5諱飾1）Heputthedogtosleep.2)他先她而去了。10.6呼告保留原文中的猛烈的抒情效果，直譯1）Andlove,youngmen,loveandveneratetheideal.2)Oyoukindgods,Curethisgreatbreachinhisabusednature!3)Exult,Oshores!Andring,Obells!10.6呼告4)只要有無(wú)邊的大地只要有無(wú)涯滄海駿馬啊，任你奔騰白鷗啊，任你翻飛5）殘雪啊，你是丑惡勢(shì)力決不甘心退隱的明證；也是它擺脫不掉敗亡命運(yùn)的象征。10.7反語(yǔ)1，為保留諷刺效果，直譯1)Yougavehergoodadvice,andbrokeherheart.Thatwasthebeginningofyourreformation.2)Youandthegirlsmaygo,oryoumaysendthembythemselves,whichperhapswillbestillbetter,forasyouareashandsomeasanyofthem,Mr.Bingleymightlikeyouthebestoftheparty.10.7反語(yǔ)3)你感冒了？叫你多穿點(diǎn)你不聽(tīng)，我還以為你真的不怕冷呢！4)當(dāng)她聽(tīng)說(shuō)自己被解雇了，她生氣地說(shuō)：“好極了！”2，若直譯會(huì)引起誤會(huì)時(shí)，接受意譯。1）瞧瞧你干的好事。2）TheFrenchandtheEnglishweresoardentaboutartthattheysenttheirarmiestosearchforinvaluablepaintingsandsculpturesallaroundtheworld.10.8排比1.直譯保留原文排比的感染力和氣概，譯文實(shí)行排比的形式。1)Voltairewagedthesplendidkindofwarfare.Thewarofthoughtagainstmatter,thewarofreasonagainstprejudice,thewarofthejustagainsttheunjust.2)Theyknowtheirundergroundlaborisagameofchance;arollofthedice;aspinofthewheel.3)在這里，他比不上一盞街燈；比不上櫥窗里的一個(gè)仿古花瓶；比不上掛在壁上的一副亂涂的油畫；比不上掠身而過(guò)的一身紫色的衣裙；比不上眼上的藍(lán)圈，血似的紅唇；更比不上牽在女士們手中的那條小狗。

4）我不信任天是藍(lán)的；

我不信任雷的回聲；我不信任夢(mèng)是假的；

我不信任死無(wú)報(bào)應(yīng)。2.為避開(kāi)單調(diào)枯燥，譯文適當(dāng)調(diào)整，更具文采。1）Theyarerich;theyarefamous;theyaresurroundedbytheworld’smostbeautifulwomen.Theyaretheworld’stopfashiondesignersandtrendsetters.2)在臺(tái)灣，每當(dāng)我想起我的家鄉(xiāng)，我就確定會(huì)想起那座無(wú)名的小山，確定會(huì)想起那株古老的榕樹，也就確定會(huì)想起似乎還照舊掛在那樹梢上的我的風(fēng)箏。10.9設(shè)問(wèn)1.直譯1）ShallIcomparetheetoasummer’sday?Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate.2)Andwhoisitthatdeceivesthestate?Surelythemanwhospeaksnotwhathethinks.3)你知道中國(guó)最出名的人是誰(shuí)？提起此人，人人皆曉，到處著名。4）有的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)哪點(diǎn)水平高于群眾？只是多了后臺(tái)這兩個(gè)字。10.10反問(wèn)1.直譯1）Whystandwehereidle?Whatisitthatgentlemenwish?Whatwouldtheyhave?2)Can’tyoujustleavemealone?3)你的心過(guò)去是苦的，你怎么能聞到紅葉的香味？4）誰(shuí)情愿和手上有同志鮮血的人握手呢？10.11借代1.名詞前加簡(jiǎn)潔的說(shuō)明，或用注釋說(shuō)明，或用意譯。1）Uponmyword,Basil,Ididn’tknowyouweresovain;andIreallycan’tseeanyresemblancebetweenyou,withyourruggedstrongfaceandyourcoal-blackhair,andthisyoungAdonis,wholooksasifhewasmadeoutofivoryandrose-leaves.

2)PoorCharlie!Ofallthegirlsintheworld,heshouldhavefalleninlovewiththedaughterofaJudas!3)HerfriendswonderedhowshecouldgetalongsowellwiththismodernDonQuixote.4)她是我們學(xué)校的林妹妹。5)你說(shuō)小王的女摯友？人家就是西施啊！6)他一進(jìn)大門，就聽(tīng)見(jiàn)有人說(shuō)：“秦檜來(lái)了!”05年曲阜師范高校探討生外國(guó)語(yǔ)言學(xué)及應(yīng)用語(yǔ)言學(xué)試題VTranslation.(20)哈佛高校一向重視對(duì)中國(guó)的探討。貴校已故的費(fèi)正清教授，就是畢生從事中國(guó)歷史文化探討的知名學(xué)者。為了有助于探討中國(guó)的歷史和現(xiàn)實(shí)，我愿向貴校贈(zèng)送一套新出版的《毛澤東評(píng)點(diǎn)二十四史》。二十四史是記載中國(guó)幾千年歷史的重要典籍。毛澤東先生對(duì)二十四史做過(guò)很多點(diǎn)評(píng)和批注，為相識(shí)中國(guó)的歷史和吸取歷史閱歷，留下了豐富的思想遺產(chǎn)。綜合練習(xí)I翻譯詞組：1，asstupidasanowl2,ascrossastwosticks3,aslikeastwopeas4,asnimbleasasquirrel5,asdrunkasalord6,likeahenwithonechick7,likeahundredofbricks8,likeashot9,likegreasedlightning10,likeoldbootsAsblindasanowl瞎透了Asdrunkasaboiledowl爛醉如泥Asgraveasanowl板起面孔CarryowlstoAthens多此一舉Flywiththeowl習(xí)慣夜間活動(dòng)Nightowl夜游神Taketheowl發(fā)火II英漢段落對(duì)譯Certainly,thefirstsearchlightthatwavedaboveLondonlikeaswordwaswonderful…Lat