現(xiàn)代大學(xué)英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)寫作(下)筆記

WritingUnit1.............................................................................................................................11.Narration（PersonalNarratives)(P1—2).........................................................12.Coordination＆Subordination(P12）............................................................1Coordination......................................................................................................1Subordination....................................................................................................2Unit2.............................................................................................................................21。Decription(Places）（P21-22)........................................................................22。Parallelism（P31—32）...............................................................................3Unit3.............................................................................................................................31。Narration(ObjectiveReports)（P42）32.Actionverbs&Activeverbs（P52）................................................................3Circumstancesofusingpassivevoice...........................................................................3Unit4.............................................................................................................................41。Description:objects（P64)...........................................................................42.Variety(多樣性)（P76).....................................................................................4Unit5.............................................................................................................................51。Narration：chainofaction(P82）...............................................................5Showing&tellinginnarration......................................................................52.Task未教（P93).................................................................................................6Unit6.............................................................................................................................61。Description:People(P102）...........................................................................62.EffectiveSentences:Conciseness簡(jiǎn)潔，簡(jiǎn)短(打印）................................6Unit7.............................................................................................................................71.Narration：HistoricalNarratives(P126）.......................................................7Unit8.............................................................................................................................81。PersonalLetters(P150）.................................................................................80Unit11.Narration(PersonalNarratives）(P1—2)Types:personalexperience/imaginativefiction/historicalnarrativeHowtowrite：①AtopicsentenceFirstpersonpointofviewInchronologicalorder④UsingtransitionsVividdetails2.Coordination&Subordination（P12）CoordinationDefinition：combineideas/createequalemphasisHowtocoordinateWords＆phases:AcoordinatingconjunctionApairofcorrelativeconjunctionInthesamekindofgrammaticalconstructionClauses①“，”+"fanboys”“;”+"conjunctiveadverbs”（however)Coordination1SubordinationDefinition:combineideas/createunequalemphasisHowtosubordinatesubordinateclauses：①SubordinatingconjunctionRelativepronounsPhraseorsinglewordsUnit21。Decription(Places)(P21—22）1)Definition：awordpicture2)Types：◆objective:noanypersonalcommentSubjective：freetointerpretdetails3)Methodsoforganization：①Usingthesense(look,smells，sounds)②Usingthespatialorder(空間次序）Usingchronologicalorder4)Tips：Onadominantimpression(主要印象)Don’tusetoomanyadjectivesandadverbsPrecisenounsandvividverbsDon’tqualifyeverynounwithadjective22。Parallelism（P31-32）1)Definition:Expressequallyimportantideasinthesamegrammaticalform2)types：①parallelwords（gerund動(dòng)名詞,nouns,verbs）②parallelphrases（prepositionalphrases，verbphrases)③parallelclausesUnit31.Narration(ObjectiveReports）（P42)1)Types：Firstperson:“I”Thirdperson：“he""she””they"2。Actionverbs&Activeverbs(P52）1)Tips:replacetheverb"be”Don’toverusethepattern”therebe”③Usetheactivevoiceinsteadofthepassivevoice（被動(dòng)）Circumstancesofusingpassivevoice①Theperformerofanactionisunknownortoowell—known3②Emphasizetherecipient（接受者）③Youdon’twanttomentiontheperformerUnit41.Description:objects（P64)1)Methodsoforganization：①Usingthesense(look，smells,sounds)②Usingthespatialorder(空間次序)③Listingfunctions④Usingchronologicalorder2)TipsonhowtodescribeanobjectshowyougottheobjectBasicfactualinformation（size，shape,texture<質(zhì)地〉)UsefulfeaturesFocusonthemostimportantoftheobjectWhyitisimportantYourfeeling(howyoulikeit)Variety(多樣性)（P76)HowtousesentencevarietyVarysentenceopeningVarysentencestructure4Invertsentence（倒裝句）occasionally2)TipsPutaadverbbeforethesubjectPuttheverbordirectobjectbeforethesubjectBeginwithaprepositionalphrase，oraninfinitivephraseUnit51。Narration:chainofaction（P82)Showing＆tellinginnarrationTellastory1)Showing:dramatizingasceneandcreatingadialogueMakeitmorevividUsedinashortnarrativerelatingasingleevent2)Telling：summarizingwhathappenedIncludeagreaternumberofeventsanddetailsInlongernarratives，usedalongwith“showing"52。Task未教(P93）Unit61。Description:People(P102）1)HowtodescribeapersonDominantimpressionapproach（P22）Selectdetailsbutdon'tgivetoomuchConcretevividdetailsDon'toverloadadj。adv.MoreshowingthantellingUseanecdotes（趣事）WaysoforganizingadescriptiveessayaboutapersonFocusononefeatureorquality/useanecdotesDescribesfromappearanceandpersonalityListafewcharacteristicfeatures/explainbriefly2。EffectiveSentences：Conciseness簡(jiǎn)潔，簡(jiǎn)短（打印)ReducelongclausestoshorterphrasesReducephrasestosinglewordsAvoidtherebeDon’toveruse“very,really,totallyandothermodifiers”Eg.Verytiredexhausted/reallyhungryfamished6Replaceredundant（剩余的）expressionsEg。intheeventthatif/ovalinshapeovalRemovenominalizationsVerba/announverbEg.GiveananalysisofanalyzeUnit71。Narration：HistoricalNarratives(P126)1)SummaryparagraphsAtypicalparagraph：developanidea；Thetop